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Financing One Sustainable Health strategies-How countries can get the most out of blended finance?
No full textThis Policy Brief shows how blended finance (the use of concessional financing to mobilize private investors) can be mobilized to contribute to the financing of One Sustainable Health (OSH) projects and strategies. It presents the advantages of blended finance as well as the pitfalls to avoid, with various examples from low- and middle-income countries, all of which support 10 policy-oriented recommendations for stakeholders involved in OSH
Towards a typology of unitization: noun classes, classifiers, singulatives
No full textInternational audienceLanguages often employ morphosyntactic strategies to "unitize" mass and collective nouns in contexts where reference to individual units is intended, such as English /one pound of flour/ or /one head of cattle/. This chapter explores cross-linguistic variation in grammatical unitization strategies, drawing on a comparison of an Amazonian noun class system with singulative markers and numeral classifiers. While the descriptive facts on these systems have been known for some time, their integration into a unified framework provides new perspective on the interplay between classification, countability, and number marking. This chapter proposes eight parameters for a typology of unitization, capturing properties of the nouns to which unitization applies, of the unitizing elements involved, of the grammatical locus of these elements, and of their interaction with number marking
Understanding Plasmodium vivax recurrent infections using an amplicon deep sequencing assay, PvAmpSeq, identity-by-descent and model-based classification
No full textInternational audienceSummary Plasmodium vivax infections are characterised by recurrent bouts of blood-stage parasitaemia. Understanding the genetic relatedness of recurrences can distinguish whether these are caused by relapse, reinfection, or recrudescence, which is critical to understand treatment efficacy and transmission dynamics. We developed PvAmpseq, an amplicon sequencing assay targeting 11 SNP-rich regions of the P. vivax genome. PvAmpSeq was validated on field isolates from a clinical trial in the Solomon Islands and a longitudinal observational cohort in Peru, and statistical models were applied for genetic classification of infection pairs. In the Solomon Islands trial, where participants received antimalarials at baseline, half of the recurrent infections were caused by parasites with >50% relatedness to the baseline infection, with statistical models classifying 25% and 25% as probable relapses and recrudescences, respectively. In the Peruvian cohort, 26% of recurrences were likely relapses. PvAmpSeq provides high-resolution genotyping to characterise P. vivax recurrences, offering insights into transmission and treatment outcomes. Graphical abstract. Created in https://BioRender.co
Mesures de gravimétrie absolue au sommet du Puy de Dôme
No full textThe photo shows 2 Micro-g Lacoste A10 absolute gravimeters and a Scintrex CG6 relative gravimeter (GET, BGI and IGN instruments). From May 13 to 15, 2025, an absolute gravity measurement campaign was conducted at the summit of Puy de Dôme — the first since 2005. The goal is to restore and update the gravity calibration line at Puy de Dôme. This joint initiative by the BGI and OPGC (UCA–LMV), carried out in collaboration with IGN, was supported by the Departmental Council, SNOV, SNOG, and the EPOS-France research infrastructure (IR) in the solid Earth domain, dedicated to observation. Its aim is to advance our knowledge of the Earth system in all its diversity and complexity. In October 2023, Epos-France took over from the French seismological and geodetic network Résif-Epos, which deployed modern instrumentation (seismometers, GNSS stations and gravimeters) across France to measure deformations of the Earth's surface. All French research on the solid Earth will gradually join the IR Epos-France, which represents the French participation in EPOS, the European research infrastructure whose mission is to integrate national and transnational IRs tasked with monitoring and understanding the dynamic and complex system of the solid Earth.La photo montre 2 Gravimètres absolus Micro-g Lacoste A10 et un gravimètre relatif Scintrex CG6 (instrumentations GET, BGI et IGN). Du 13 au 15 mai 2025, une campagne de mesures de gravimétrie absolue s’est tenue au sommet du Puy de Dôme, la première depuis 2005. L’objectif est de rétablir et actualiser la ligne de calibration gravimétrique du Puy de Dôme. Cette initiative conjointe du BGI et de l’OPGC (UCA-LMV), menée en collaboration avec l’IGN, a bénéficié du soutien du Conseil départemental, du SNOV, du SNOG, ainsi que de l’infrastructure de recherche Epos-France, qui est une infrastructure de recherche (IR) dans le domaine Terre solide, dédiée à l’observation. Son objectif est de faire progresser notre connaissance du système Terre dans toute sa diversité et sa complexité. Epos-France a pris la suite, en octobre 2023, du Réseau sismologique et géodésique français Résif-Epos, qui a déployé sur le territoire national une instrumentation moderne (parcs de sismomètres, stations GNSS et gravimètres) qui mesure les déformations de la surface terrestre. Toutes les recherches françaises portant sur la Terre solide rejoindront progressivement l’IR Epos-France, qui représente la participation française à EPOS, l’infrastructure de recherche européenne dont la mission est d’intégrer les IR nationales et transnationales chargées de surveiller et comprendre le système dynamique et complexe de la Terre solide
A brief review on models for birds exposed to chemicals
No full textInternational audience“A Who’s Who of pesticides is therefore of concern to us all. If we are going to live so intimately with these chemicals eating and drinking them, taking them into the very marrow of our bones - we had better know something about their nature and their power.”—Rachel Carson, Silent Spring. In her day, Rachel Carson was right: plant protection products (PPP), like all the other chemical substances that humans increasingly release into the environment without further precaution, are among our worst enemies today (Bruhl and Zaller, 2019; Naidu et al., 2021; Tang et al., 2021; Topping et al., 2020). All compartments of the biosphere, air, soil and water, are potential reservoirs within which all species that live there are impaired. Birds are particularly concerned: PPP are recognized as a factor in the decline of their abundance and diversity predominantly in agricultural landscapes. Due to the restrictions on vertebrates testing, in silico-based approaches are an ideal choice alternative given input data are available. This is where the problem lies as we will illustrate in this paper. We performed an extensive literature search covering a long period of time, a wide diversity of bird species, a large range of chemical substances, and as many model types as possible to encompass all our future need to improve environmental risk assessment of chemicals for birds. In the end, we show that poultry species exposed to pesticides are the most studied at the individual level with physiologically based toxicokinetic models. To go beyond, with more species, more chemical types, over several levels of biological organization, we show that observed data are crucially missing (Gilbert, 2011). As a consequence, improving existing models or developing new ones could be like climbing Everest if no additional data can be gathered, especially on chemical effects and toxicodynamic aspects
Méthodes et Applications des Sciences de l'Information Géographique pour des Territoires Durables: Actes de la conférence SAGEO 2025
No full textInternational audienceCes actes sont le fruit de la conférence internationale à comité de lecture SAGEO2025, qui s'est tenue à Avignon les 21, 22 et 23 mai 2025 et qui a été marquée par :− l'inscription de plus 180 personnes à cette folle semaine de la géomatique :https://sageo2025.sciencesconf.org/ ;− l'organisation de 6 ateliers, dont l'école méthodologique du GdR MAGIS (du 19 au 21 mai 2025),réunissant au total près de 150 participants ;− deux séances plénières de François Bavaud, Professeur à l'Université de Lausanne et d'Anne Ruas,Chercheuse à l'Université Gustave Eiffel ;− près de 70 présentations orales synthétiques réparties en 2 sessions parallèles ;− la remise des deux prix de thèse Thérèse Libourel du GdR MAGIS aux lauréates 2024 ;− la présentation d'une quinzaine de posters ;− l'assemblée générale du GdR MAGIS du CNRS, présentant le bilan et les perspectives de l'activité du GdR.Les productions scientifiques éditées dans ces actes montrent l'ancrage thématique et méthodologique fort du réseau de la géomatique française et francophone dans les problématiques saillantes et émergentes de la société :− Traitement d’images− Métriques spatiales, graphes, relations, échelles− Intelligence artificielle− Cartographie, spatialisation, géovisualisation− Autour de la donnée géographique numérique− Mobilités− Analyse spatio-temporelle, géohistorique− Risques, alerte− Climat, durabilité, décarbonation− Biodiversité, services écosystémique
Decarbonizing the cement industry is crucial for reducing CO<sub>2 </sub> emissions: Myth or reality?
No full textInternational audienceThe cement production contributes to about ~8% (≈2.5 gigaton by the year) of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the world. About 2/3 of these emissions are related to limestone calcination during cement clinker fabrication using mainly limestone, clay and silica sand. In this way, decarbonation of this industry is therefore a key challenge for a reduction of CO2 emissions. In this communication letter, an innovative chemical process is reported in order to avoid the CO2 emissions related to limestone calcination process. In effect, limestone (CaCO3) calcium source can be previously transformed into portlandite mineral (Ca(OH)2). In this manner, if the limestone is replaced by engineered portlandite, the cement clinker production will only reject vapor water during calcium silicates formation at high temperature as simplified for tri-calcium silicate: 3 Ca(OH)2 + SiO2 →3CaO.SiO2 + 3H2Ovapor (innovative reaction.In this experimental-technological study (TRL close to 2), portlandite production from limestone concerns well-known chemical reactions and the use of conventional reactants (e.g., HCl and NaOH). Acid reactant in order to extract calcium in solution (CaCO3 + 2HCl → Ca2+ + 2Cl- + H2 O + CO2(gas) (unit or reactor 1) and soda reactant to sequester simultaneously the produced carbon dioxide by chemisorption process (CO2(gas) + 2NaOH → CO3-2 + 2Na+ + H2O) leading to a carbonated solution (unit or reactor 2). Soda solutions are also utilized to produce portlandite from calcium solution (Ca2+ + 2Cl- + 2NaOH → Ca(OH)2 + 2NaCl). Portlandite mineral is then recovered from slurry by simple settling and water washing to remove residual soHdium chloride. Moreover, alkaline-carbonate solution obtained in reactor 2 by CO2 chemisorption process can be utilized to produce magnesite (MgCO3) “the most stable carbonate under Earth surface conditions” via indirect carbonation of Mg-silicates minerals or other stable carbonates. In this study, all main chemical reactions at the lab scale were optimized/characterized by Raman spectroscopy in real-time, X-ray diffraction and FESEM. In summary, this basic technology research (≈TRL 2) offers a realistic possibility/process to produce low-carbon cement and concrete by using the current existing technologies at the industrial scale
Introduction. La société syrienne dans la révolution et la guerre : une approche diachronique au croisement de plusieurs territoires
No full textIntroductionSyrian Society amid Revolution and War: A Diachronic Approach across Territories, in Ababsa Myriam et Napolitano Valentina (dir) Syrian Society in Revolution and War (2011–2024)Legacy and Transformations, Presses de l'Ifpo, p.9-40.En replaçant dans le temps long les transformations profondes que les Syrien.ne.s ont connu depuis 2011, d’un point de vue social, économique et politique, et à l’intersection entre plusieurs territoires, cet ouvrage multidisciplinaire contribue aux débats sur les mutations des sociétés en temps de guerre. Il constitue un apport original aux travaux existants sur la Syrie contemporaine en dépassant les paradigmes d’analyse axés soit sur le « printemps arabe » ou sur les dimensions géopolitique et humanitaire du conflit
COMPLEX EFFECTS OF ASSORTATIVE MATING ON ADAPTATION TO ENVIRON-MENTAL CHANGE IN THE PRESENCE OF SEX-SPECIFIC SELECTION
No full textInternational audiencePrevious theory suggests that fast adaptation of body size and phenology to climate warming could be facilitated by assortative mating. We here test whether this still holds when natural selection is sex-specific and assortative mating is driven by different mechanisms. We model a trait with identical distribution for females and males, but different optima across sexes and time. Predictions derived from the infinitesimal model of inheritance are confirmed by individual-based simulations. We find that female maladaptation depends on a sexual-conflict mismatch in a constant environment, and an adaptive lag generated by the environmental change. By strengthening the effect of natural selection on females, assortative mating reduces the sexual-conflict mismatch compared to random mating. However, it can either increase or decrease the adaptive lag, depending on the relative strength of natural selection on females versus males. Conditions under which assortative mating is beneficial depend on whether the environmental change and the sexual conflict displace the mean phenotype in the same direction, the strength of the sexual conflict and the assortment, and the mechanism that drives assortative mating. Associated with sex-specific selection, assortative mating does not always facilitate adaptation to environmental change, and its effects depend on how it is modeled
Diversity of sea trout marine migration routes in the English Channel
No full textInternational audienceAnadromous brown trout ( Salmo trutta ), also called sea trout, migrate from freshwater nursery and spawning grounds to the sea to maximise their growth and fecundity. Sea trout may undertake this marine migration several times in their life cycle, repeatedly facing significant natural or anthropogenic pressures on their migration path. Using data storage tags, we reveal for the first time the migratory paths and behaviour of post-spawning sea trout from three rivers (two in England and one in France) draining into the English Channel. Our results show a longitudinal gradient in sea trout migratory timing, with individuals from the western population reaching the sea earlier and residing longer in the marine environment than the eastern populations. Overall, sea trout dispersed widely within the English Channel, and each population used distinct marine areas up to the Celtic and North Seas. Within populations, individuals followed one or two directional migration routes that enabled us to identify seven main migratory corridors. Most sea trout spent 80% of their marine phase within 45 km of the shore, with a greater tendency to utilise waters further away from the shoreline at the midpoint of their marine migration. Individual tag data also show that having prior migratory experience influences horizontal behaviours. Finally, individuals from France were geolocated in English waters and vice versa, underpinning the necessity for international management of sea trout around the English Channel