Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
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Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 3 No. 3 August 2020
No full textAlhamdulillahirabbil ‘Alamin. The next edition of Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm), has been published in August 2020. Starting from this edition, Borneo J Pharm increases the frequency of publishing four times a year. This change aims to improve the circulation of the best articles published by Borneo J Pharm. Also, starting from this edition, Borneo J Pharm applying the publish-as-you-go issue to present the title of the article that has been received as early as possible in order to increase the chances of readability and quotation of articles in Borneo J Pharm. This edition contains six articles consisting of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Microbiology Pharmacy, Natural Product Development, and Clinical-Community Pharmacy. This edition includes writings from five countries including Indonesia, India, Libya, Nigeria, and the Russian Federation. The authors come from several institutions, including Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Senior Medan, University of Tripoli, National Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology of Libya, Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology of Aliero, Federal Medical Centre of Birnin-Kebbi, Shri Gopichand College of Pharmacy, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NKBR College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, and Universitas Esa Unggul. The editorial board would like to thank all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repertoire in this issue. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors of the articles, could re-participate for the publication in the next edition in November 2020
Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 3 No. 4 November 2020
No full textAlhamdulillahirabbil ‘Alamin. The next edition of Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm), has been published in November 2020. Starting from this edition, Borneo J Pharm increases the frequency of publishing four times a year. This change aims to improve the circulation of the best articles published by Borneo J Pharm. Also, starting from this edition, Borneo J Pharm applying the publish-as-you-go issue to present the title of the article that has been received as early as possible in order to increase the chances of readability and quotation of articles in Borneo J Pharm.
This edition contains ten articles consisting of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Microbiology Pharmacy, Natural Product Development, Clinical-Community Pharmacy, and Management Pharmacy. This edition includes writings from four countries including Indonesia, India, Malaysia, and Sudan. The authors come from several institutions, including Indubhai Patel College of Pharmacy and Research Center, SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kebun Raya Banua Kalimantan Selatan, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, University of Gezira, International Islamic University Malaysia, Universitas Mandala Waluya, Universitas Islam Bandung, Universitas Halu Oleo, Universitas Garut, Universitas Bali Internasional, and Akademi Farmasi Surabaya.
The editorial board would like to thank all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repertoire in this issue. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors of the articles, could re-participate for publication in the next edition in February 2021
Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 3 No. 1 February 2020
No full textAlhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin. The next edition of Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (Borneo J Pharm), has been published in February 2020. Starting from this edition, Borneo J Pharm increases the frequency of publishing four times a year. This change aims to improve the circulation of the best articles published by Borneo J Pharm. Also, starting from this edition, Borneo J Pharm applying the publish-as-you-go issue to present the title of the article that has been received as early as possible in order to increase the chances of readability and quotation of articles in Borneo J Pharm.Starting in the 2019 edition, Borneo J Pharm has been accepted for indexing in EMBASE by Elsevier. This is an acknowledgment of the quality of the publications presented by Borneo J Pharm. In addition, Borneo J Pharm has also been accredited at SINTA in rank 3. In the future, Borneo J Pharm will try to improve the accreditation rank and register with other indexers such as ESCI and ASEAN Citation Index.This edition contains six articles consisting of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, and Natural Product Development. This edition includes writings from four countries including Indonesia, India, Ukraine, and Costa Rica. The authors come from several institutions, including Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Bunda Persada Batam, Bharathi College of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Borneo Lestari, Universidad de Costa Rica, Kharkiv National Medical University, National University of Pharmacy, Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Kharkiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations, and Universitas Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan
Phytochemicals, Nutritional Value, Antioxidant, and Anticoagulant Activity of Lactuca sativa L. Leaves and Stems
No full textThe main ingredient in the daily salad dish is the leaves of Lactuca sativa, while the stems are usually discarded and not eaten. This study was conducted to compare the stems and leaves of two selected L. sativa varieties (L. sativa var. longifolia L. and L. sativa var. capitata L.) related to the preliminary phytochemical investigation, nutrient content, DPPH assay, and in vitro anticoagulant activity by determination of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The findings revealed almost the same phytoconstituents in the leaves and stems of each variety, such as terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, and others. Exceptionally, tannins have only been detected in the leaves. Compared to the stems, the leaves of both varieties showed statistically significantly higher levels of raw protein and raw fat. For the DPPH assay, the leaves of both varieties have a statistically significantly higher antioxidant activity than the stems. The leaves and stem extract of the two selected varieties showed a significant prolongation of PT (P <0.05 vs. NS= 12:30 s). On the other hand, the aPTT test showed a significant increase in aPTT (P <0.05 vs. NS = 32:44 s) in the stem extract of both varieties, whereas there was no statistically significant increase in aPTT in the leaves of both varieties. Both parts of each variety have a diversity of phytochemicals and nutrients. The leaves of both varieties have a higher antioxidant activity than the stems. While the stems had higher anticoagulant activity than the leaves
Activity Prediction of Bioactive Compounds Contained in Etlingera elatior Against the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: An In Silico Approach
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious problem today, with its prevalence increasing every day. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPro) is a promising therapeutic target to inhibit replicating and spreading the virus that causes COVID-19. The compounds contained in the Etlingera elatior plant has the potential. This study aimed to examine the compounds' activity in E. elatior against SARS-CoV-2 MPro using in silico methods. A total of seven compounds contained in E. elatior were obtained from the Knapsack database. The compounds were then docked into the SARS-CoV-2 MPro receptor's active site with the PDB ID 6LU7. Afterward, the biological activities were predicted by the PASS prediction webserver. The molecular docking results showed that ergosterol peroxide and sitostenone had the best binding energy with -10.40 kcal/mol and -9.17 kcal/mol, respectively. The in silico PASS prediction showed it has potential as antiviral therapy. It concluded ergosterol peroxide and sitostenone has the potential as SARS-CoV-2 MPro inhibitor candidate
Potential Drug-drug Interactions Analysis in Children Out-patients with Bronchopneumonia Medication Prescriptions
No full textDrug-drug interactions (DDIs) is defined as the alteration of efficacy and toxicity of some drugs in the presence of other drugs. In the treatments of bronchopneumonia in outpatient settings, there is a lack of documentation of DDIs. This study was aimed to observe the potential DDIs on the prescriptions of children with bronchopneumonia. An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted on outpatient children with bronchopneumonia prescriptions during 2017. Potential for DDI was identified by online drug interaction checkers. The potential DDI then classified based on its severity (minor, moderate, and major) and mechanism (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic). Among 86 prescriptions analyzed, potential DDIs observed at 48.84% of it. Of that, there were 67 potential DDIs where 72.34% of it were categorized as moderate. The majority of potential DDIs was pharmacodynamic interaction (76.12%) with the most frequently involved drug pair was Ephedrine-Salbutamol (29.85%). Children outpatients with bronchopneumonia are at risk of potential DDIs, especially to minor and moderate potential DDIs. Prescriptions screening for potential DDIs followed by monitoring of therapeutical effects and associated adverse drug events will optimize patient safety
Potential of Frangipani (Plumeria alba) Leaves Extract as Ultra Violet Protection
No full textSunlight is the source of life and energy. Besides that, sunlight also creates skin challenges such as sunburn, pigmentation, wrinkles, dermatitis, aging, and skin cancer. Natural sunscreen protection is a popular and preferred way among various regions of the world to reduce sunlight's harmful effect. This study aimed to determine the potential of frangipani (Plumeria alba) leaves extract in some concentrations as ultraviolet protection. Plumeria alba extract contained secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids that function as impeding ultraviolet radiation. This study used an experimental method consisting of four treatments and six replications. This study shows that the extract with concentration 2500; 5000; 7500; and 10000 ppm consecutively have SPF value of 6.24; 12.00; 18.45; and 22.64. It can be concluded the P. alba leaves extract potential as ultraviolet protection
Global Pandemic Conditions and List of Possible Medications and Vaccines for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Review
No full textAt the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified which caused severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with a disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus first originated in the city of Wuhan in China, causing symptoms such as pneumonic plague, which began in the Wuhan and then spread throughout the world with high transmission efficiency. Special precautions and care are needed such as leaving the public area, covering your mouth with a mask, not shaking hands, washing hands, and sanitation from time to time. Infection due to SARS-CoV-2 shows several symptoms, one of which is very often the patient shows difficulty breathing. Currently, COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic and has almost attacked all countries in the world, including in India which has one of the largest human populations in the entire world. One of the challenges in handling COVID-19 is the unavailability of drugs or special vaccines to treat the disease, so clinical practitioners and academics are currently testing various drugs to see how they affect the COVID-19 patients. Some of the drugs tested provide effective mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2, such as chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, and vaccines under development. These drugs are still being tested and are now at the forefront to combat the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review article will discuss all kinds of ins and outs of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including the transmission method, how to prevent it, as well as various drugs and vaccines currently used in handling COVID-19
Antibacterial Activity of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) Leaves Extracts Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
No full textMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections throughout the world and can be life-threatening as well. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) leaves ethanolic extract against MRSA's growth. Ageratum conyzoides leaves were extracted by ethanol and screened for their phytochemical constituent. Ethanolic extracts of A. conyzoides leaves were evaluated for their potential antibacterial activity using disc diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined using the agar dilution method. Phytochemical screening shows that the extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids or triterpenoids. Ageratum conyzoides leaves extract shows a 25.1 mm inhibitory zone at 12.5% extract concentration with MIC value equivalents to 4.46 x 10-6 g of gentamicin. This study concludes that A. conyzoides leaves ethanolic extracts have potential antibacterial activity against MRSA
Review on COVID-19: Rise of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Outbreak
No full textInitially recognized of COVID-19 within the world in 2019, the World Health Organization situational report from May 22nd, 2020, globally, there is a complete of 5,204,508 confirmed cases, with 212 countries being affected by the novel coronavirus. 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is that the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses is enveloped viruses with a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome. The SARS-CoV-2 may be a β-CoV of group 2B there is 70% comparability in genetic sequence to SARS-CoV. The source of the new coronavirus infection has been resolved as bats. With whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 is 96% comparatively at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Mechanisms of transmission are concluded to incorporate contact, droplet, and possibly airborne under certain circumstances supported ancient experiences associated with SARS-CoV outbreaks. Although antiretroviral therapy is being widely used everywhere the globe for such patents, effects at finding a SARS-CoV vaccine haven’t succeeded so far