Oskar Bordeaux
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EBioMedicine
Get PDFThe Bari-SolidAct randomized controlled trial compared baricitinib with placebo in patients with severe COVID-19. A post hoc analysis revealed a higher incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) among SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated participants who had received baricitinib. This sub-study aimed to investigate whether vaccination influences the safety profile of baricitinib in patients with severe COVID-19. Biobanked samples from 146 participants (55 vaccinated vs. 91 unvaccinated) were analysed longitudinally for inflammation markers, humoral responses, tissue viral loads, and plasma viral antigens on days 1, 3, and 8. High-dimensional analyses, including RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, were performed on available samples. Mediation analyses were used to assess relationships between SAEs, baseline-adjusted biomarkers, and treatment-vaccination status. Vaccinated participants were older, more frequently hospitalized, had more comorbidities, and exhibited higher nasopharyngeal viral loads. Baricitinib treatment did not affect antibody responses or viral clearance, but reduced markers of T-cell and monocyte activation compared to placebo (sCD25, sCD14, sCD163, sTIM-3). Age, baseline levels of plasma viral antigen, and several inflammatory markers, as well as IL-2, IL-6, Neopterin, CXCL16, sCD14, and suPAR on day 8 were associated with the occurrence of SAEs. However, mediation analyses of markers linked to SAEs, baricitinib treatment, or vaccination status did not reveal statistically significant interactions between vaccination status and SAEs. This sub-study did not identify any virus- or host-related biomarkers significantly associated with the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status and the safety of baricitinib. However, caution should be exercised due to the moderate sample size. EU Horizon 2020 (grant number 101015736)
Soc Sci Med
No full textGrasset et al. previously reported that income volatility throughout early-to-mid adulthood (occurring during 1990-2010) in the CARDIA cohort was associated with worse midlife cognitive function. However, CARDIA lacked earlier-life cognition data, a major potential confounder. We replicate and extend this study in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979), which collected cognition measures in approximate adolescence. Following Grasset, we estimated associations between 20-year income volatility throughout early-to-mid adulthood (mean ages 27-47 in 1990-2010) and midlife cognitive function using confounder-adjusted linear regression models. Income volatility was assessed as the standard deviation (SD) of the percent change in income between successive annual or biennial surveys and as the number of income drops >25% between surveys. For cognition, we averaged z-scores on immediate and delayed 10-word recall, backwards counting, and serial 7's tasks. We found that income volatility and number of income drops were negatively associated with midlife cognitive function (e.g., each SD increase in income volatility was associated with 0.081 SD lower cognition z-scores, 95% CI: -0.121, -0.041) independent of earlier-life cognitive skills (e.g., before adjustment, βˆ = -0.095, 95% CI: -0.136, -0.054). Our study adds to a growing literature suggesting life course financial volatility may adversely impact cognitive aging
Widespread slow growth of acquisitive tree species
No full textTrees are an important carbon sink as they accumulate biomass through photosynthesis1. Identifying tree species that grow fast is therefore commonly considered to be essential for effective climate change mitigation through forest planting. Although species characteristics are key information for plantation design and forest management, field studies often fail to detect clear relationships between species functional traits and tree growth2. Here, by consolidating four independent datasets and classifying the acquisitive and conservative species based on their functional trait values, we show that acquisitive tree species, which are supposedly fast-growing species, generally grow slowly in field conditions. This discrepancy between the current paradigm and field observations is explained by the interactions with environmental conditions that influence growth. Acquisitive species require moist mild climates and fertile soils, conditions that are generally not met in the field. By contrast, conservative species, which are supposedly slow-growing species, show generally higher realized growth due to their ability to tolerate unfavourable environmental conditions. In general, conservative tree species grow more steadily than acquisitive tree species in non-tropical forests. We recommend planting acquisitive tree species in areas where they can realize their fast-growing potential. In other regions, where environmental stress is higher, conservative tree species have a larger potential to fix carbon in their biomass.CARbone, Traits fonctionnels associés, et leur Optimisatio
L'économie des plateformes à Santiago du Chili : entre opportunités socio-économiques et externalités négatives
No full textLe Carnet de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme de BordeauxL'économie des plateformes à Santiago du Chili : entre opportunités socio-économiques et externalités négative
Management by occupational physicians in France of chemical risks among pregnant female employees
No full textIntroduction : l’exposition à des facteurs de risque peut influencer l’apparition de pathologies au cours de la grossesse. Ces facteurs de risque peuvent notamment être retrouvés en milieu professionnel. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient d’étudier la prise en charge du risque chimique chez les femmes enceintes salariées, par les médecins du travail en France et de décrire si une différence de prise en charge est retrouvée selon le médecin et le service dans lequel il exerce. Méthodes : un questionnaire a été diffusé aux médecins du travail de France. Il était composé d’une description des caractéristiques sociodémographiques du médecin et du service dans lequel il exerce et de cas cliniques. Résultats : 194 questionnaires ont été recueillis et analysés. On ne retrouvait pas de différence significative de prise en charge selon le genre du médecin, son expérience et le service dans lequel il exerce. Conclusion : cette étude souligne l’importance d’inclure le médecin du travail dans le projet de grossesse afin d’aménager le poste si nécessaire pour assurer le maintien dans l’emploi et de limiter l’exposition de la salariée aux différents facteurs de risques professionnels dont le risque chimique. Il semble également intéressant pour les services de médecine et de santé au travail de bénéficier de l’expertise de médecins du travail spécialisés en toxicologie ou d’avoir des cellules spécialisées composées de toxicologues à qui les médecins du travail peuvent s’adresser afin d’aiguiller la prise en charge des femmes enceintes.Introduction: exposure to risk factors during pregnancy can influence the apparition of diseases. Some of those risk factors can be found in the work environnement. The objectives of this work were to study the management of chemical risk among pregnant female employees by occupational physicians in France and to describe whether a difference in the management was found depending on the physician and his or her place of work. Methods: a survey was broadcasted to occupational physicians in France. It featured a description of the sociodemographical caracteristics of the physician and the unit where he or she practices and some clinical cases. Results: 194 surveys were collected and analysed. No significant difference was found in the medical care provided by the physicians regardless of their gender, their experience and the unit where they practice. Conclusion: this study emphasises on the importance of including the occupational physician in the pregnancy care to arrange the workplace if needed to prioritize job retention and limit the female employee’s exposure to chemical risks. It also seems beneficial for occupational units to be able to have access to the expertise of toxicology specialists to better the medical care of pregnant employees
« Une querelle ouverte par les Humanistes ». Retour sur l’antibartolisme des juristes français de la Renaissance d’après La France et Bartole (1962) de Pierre Legendre
No full textAllometric Relationships of Branch Water‐Storage Capacity and Capacitance in Four European Trees Species
No full textWater storage capacity and capacitance in trees regulate hydration levels, providing water reserves during drought. However, the effects of varying traits, tissue fractions and of different water pools on the allometry of branch‐/sample‐level properties have not been systematically investigated. We analyse the relationships between branch size and branch capacity and capacitance with respect to wood density, xylem vulnerability to embolism, and tissue fractions. The analysis was performed using data from four tree species sampled from 12 to 15 sites across Europe. We show that of the three phases of the water release curve, the second phase (dominated by elasticity) was significantly influenced by leaf and bark proportions, the sapwood/heartwood ratio and xylem vulnerability to embolism for capacity and/or capacitance. However, the first (dominated by capillarity) and the third phase (characterised by embolism) were not influenced by the morpho‐physiological properties measured. Our results indicate that branch capacity and capacitance are allometrically related (slope < 1) to branch dry mass, leaf area and total water content, indicating that normalising by these size measures does not completely remove size‐dependency. We conclude that the only means of obtaining size‐independent water storage traits directly applicable in comparative and modelling studies is by normalising by water quantity per phase
Être égérie chez Chanel : stratégie de collaboration d'une maison de haute-couture avec les stars de cinéma
No full textÉlaboration d’un tableau de bord de la résilience alimentaire pour les territoires ultramarins français
No full textans le contexte actuel de changements globaux et de crises sociale, économique et géopolitique, les vulnérabilités des Départements et Régions d’Outre-mer (Guadeloupe, Guyane, Martinique, Mayotte, La Réunion) freinent la possibilité de promouvoir la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle pour tous. La résilience alimentaire se définit ici comme la capacité dynamique des territoires à atteindre les objectifs de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle malgré les perturbations. Afin de la mesurer, un tableau de bord de la résilience alimentaire spécifique aux territoires d’outre-mer est proposé à l’aide de 16 indicateurs relatifs à la fois aux dimensions du système alimentaire et aux enjeux soulevés par la durabilité alimentaire. En identifiant les contrastes et les points communs entre ces territoires, nos résultats mettent en lumière les défis à relever pour tendre vers la résilience alimentaire, défis sociaux - avec la diminution des situations de précarité alimentaire et économique – et défis économiques et environnementaux - avec la réduction de la dépendance aux importations.aced with the current social, economic and geopolitical crises and global environmental pressures, food and nutritional security is a particularly difficult challenge in the French Overseas Departments and Regions (Guadeloupe, Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, La Reunion). Food resilience is then characterized as the ability for a food system to simultaneously be sustainable and ensure food and nutritional security over time when these latter are hitting by multiple unanticipated shocks and disturbances. A scoreboard of food resilience, specific to the overseas territories, is proposed by means of 16 indicators relating to the dimensions of the food system (society, policy, food product, and consumption) and the economic, ecological, social, and nutritional challenges of sustainable food. By identifying the contrasts and similarities among these territories, our results highlight the challenges to develop food resilience: social, by reducing food insecurity, and economic and environmental, by reducing dependence on imports. The necessary decrease in food imports must go hand in hand with agricultural diversification and the capacity of the territory to efficiently transform local agricultural goods in accordance with the principles of agroecology in a context of small domestic markets. In addition, the heterogeneity of these territories relative to several socio-economic, ecological and nutritional aspects calls for specific answers. Only a set of place-based policies, focusing on the most vulnerable people, could both promote food resilience and stimulate development dynamics specific to each economy. Finally, replicating this scoreboard over time should serve as an interesting decision-making tool to inform about the potential ongoing progress and to design the suitable policy-mix
Mol Genet Metab
No full textPhenylketonuria (PKU) treatment requires a low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet limiting natural protein intake, using medical low-protein foods and Phe-free amino acids (AA) supplements along with micronutriments' supplies. Current recommendations suggest maintaining this diet for life to prevent neuro-psychological effects of high Phe concentrations. The long-term consequences of such a diet are poorly understood, particularly on bone health. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) (Z-score ≤ -2, for vertebral and/or femoral site) in adults with PKU and to investigate associated risk factors, in the French ECOPHEN cohort. The study included 171 patients with 67.3 % of women and a median age of 27 years old. The median femoral and vertebral Z-scores of BMD were both - 0.6. Only 11.4 % of patients had a low BMD. Compared to patients with normal BMD, patients with low BMD had a lower body mass index (BMI) (median 20.4 versus 24.4 kg/m(2), p = 0.002), and were more likely to have never stopped their diet (58.8 % versus 31.8 %, p = 0.029). They also had higher total protein intake (1.1 versus 0.9 g/kg/day, p = 0.015), with more proteins from AA supplements (0.80 vs 0.53 g/kg/day, p = 0.010). In multivariate analysis, younger patients born after 1990 and who never stopped diet had a 4.7 times risk to have low BMD (p = 0.005), after adjustment on age, sex, BMI. In summary, our study identified a subgroup of PKU adult patients with low BMD and showed that prolonged low natural protein diet is associated with low BMD