Oskar Bordeaux
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Hypertension
No full textBACKGROUND: Hypotensive episodes detected by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring capture daily cumulative hypotensive stress and could be clinically relevant to cognitive impairment, but this relationship remains unclear. METHODS: We included participants from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (receiving intensive or standard BP treatment) who had 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring measured near the 27-month visit and subsequent biannual cognitive assessments. We evaluated the associations of hypotensive episodes (defined as systolic BP drops of ≥20 mm Hg between 2 consecutive measurements that reached <100 mm Hg) and hypotensive duration (cumulative time of systolic BP <100 mm Hg) with subsequent cognitive function using adjusted linear mixed models. We further assessed 24-hour average BP and variability. RESULTS: Among 842 participants with treated hypertension (mean age, 71±9 years; 29% women), the presence (versus absence) of recurrent hypotensive episodes (11%) was associated with lower digit symbol coding scores (difference in Z scores, -0.249 [95% CI, -0.380 to -0.119]) and faster declines (difference in Z score changes, -0.128 [95% CI, -0.231 to -0.026]). A consistent dose-response association was also observed for longer hypotensive duration with worse Montreal Cognitive Assessment and digit symbol coding scores. The association with digit symbol coding scores remained significant after further adjusting for 24-hour average BP and variability and was not observed for hypotension defined by clinic, orthostatic, or 24-hour average BP. Intensive BP treatment increased 24-hour hypotensive episodes and modified its association with the decline in digit symbol coding score. CONCLUSION: Twenty-four-hour hypotensive episodes were associated with worse cognitive function, especially in processing speed, and could be a novel marker for optimal BP control and dementia prevention
J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol
No full textPurpose: The recent rise in the incidence of cancer in younger adults has been described in high-income countries. This study aimed to identify cancer incidence trends in France among adolescent and young adult (AYA) population. Methods: All cases of cancer diagnosed in 15-39 years, recorded by all French population-based registries (24% of the population), over the 2000-2020 period, were included. World age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) and annual percentage change (APC) of incidence over time were calculated. Results: We analyzed 54,735 cancer diagnoses in AYAs. The ASR over the 2000-2020 period in 15-39 years was 58.1 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 57.0-59.2). ASR was lower in males (47.2 [45.7-48.6]) than in females (68.9 [67.2-70.6]). Incidence per 100,000 differed with age group from the lowest, 20.5 (19.8-21.2) in 15-19 years, to the highest, 130.3 (128.6-132.0) in 35-39 years. Increases in incidence were observed for essential thrombocythemia (APC: 3.33% [1.52-5.16]), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (APC: 1.86% [1.21-2.52]), liposarcoma (APC: 3.68% [0.83-6.61]), carcinomas of urinary tract (APC: 3.95% [2.85-5.06]), gastrointestinal tract (APC: 2.62% [1.96-3.28]), and breast (APC: 1.61% [1.22-2.01]) from 2000 to 2020, glioblastoma (APC: 6.11% [3.06-9.26]), and other astrocytomas (APC: 7.41% [5.13-9.75]) from 2005 to 2020. Decreases in incidence were observed for oligodendroglioma (APC: -8.78% during 2005-2020), and other invasive carcinomas (APC: -3.34% during 2000-2020). Conclusion: Increases in the incidence of some AYA cancer types are observed HL, liposarcoma, carcinomas of colorectum, breast, and kidney. Results for central nervous system tumors are still to be confirmed in the years to come. Extensive efforts are needed to identify underlying risk factors responsible for these trends to inform prevention strategies
Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra
No full textINTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment is a major cause of dependency in older people. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with severe cognitive decline, as assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), in community-dwelling adults aged 55+ in Cameroon. METHOD: Data are from a cross-sectional survey carried out in Cameroon. The cognitive status was assessed using the MMSE and a score of 18/30 or lower is considered as a proxy of severe cognitive decline. RESULT: A total of 403 adults participated in the study. Of these, 16 (3.9%) had an MMSE score <18 and were considered to have cognitive impairment. The rate of severe cognitive decline increased with rising age, from 2.1% in those aged 55-64 years, to 3.3% in those aged 65-74, and 11% in those aged 75 and older. The factors associated with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <18) by multivariate analysis in our population are level of education (OR 0.10 [95% CI: 0.02-0.37], p < 0.01), body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.88 [95% CI: 0.78-0.99], p = 0.03), and IADL score (OR 0.12 [95% CI: 0.03-0.38], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The three main factors associated with cognitive impairment were education, IADL (Instrumental Activity of Daily Living) dependency, and BMI. This study shows that among older people in sub-Saharan Africa, the effect of BMI, IADL dependency, and education on cognitive function appears similar to that observed in middle- and high-income countries
J Commun Disord
No full textIntroduction: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic condition associated with global intellectual impairment. While research has evidenced speech problems, little is known about reading, which is a critical language ability involved in communication. The aim of the present study was to investigate vocabulary and reading skills in adults with PWS.
Method: A total of 56 individuals (35 females, mean age = 33.64 years, range = 19-57 years) with PWS participated. Standardized paper and pencil tests were used to examine the level of vocabulary (LexTale-FR test) and reading performance (Alouette-R test). Two computerized tasks were also administered to assess the efficiency of lexical and phonological processes in reading (lexical and phonological decision tasks, taken from the ECCLA software). Performance was analyzed and compared with available norms on neurotypical adults and/or children.
Results: The results showed that adults with PWS had a low level of vocabulary (i.e., three to five standard deviations difference compared to neurotypical adults), poor reading skills (i.e., equivalent to the level of nine-year-olds), and less efficient lexical and non-lexical phonological processes.
Conclusion: The present data suggest a global impairment in vocabulary and reading skills in adults with PWS. These findings might help clinicians to better understand the language abilities of these patients
The political mobilization of the peripheries : the transformations of the Center-Periphery cleavage in the Basque Country and Scotland during the Neoliberal Critical Juncture (2007–2017)
No full textDepuis le krach financier de 2008, la crise économique est devenue une crise politique qui traverse de nombreux pays européens et a transformé les systèmes partisans qui ont configuré la politique depuis des décennies. De nouveaux partis politiques sont apparus, certains inspirés par les mouvements sociaux au sud de l’Europe de 2011, et d’autres plus vieux connaissent un succès renouvelé, transformant le politique. Certains travaux évoquent l’émergence d’un ou plusieurs nouveaux clivages en lien avec la mondialisation. Par ailleurs, des conflits centre-périphérie qui existaient depuis longtemps n’ont perdu aucune actualité et connaissent au contraire un élan renouvelé, notamment illustré par le referendum pour l’indépendance de l’Écosse en 2014 ou la Catalogne en 2017. Comment comprendre dès lors la montée de ces phénomènes ethnorégionalistes dans ce contexte changeant où se redéfinissent les contours des clivages qui structurent les systèmes partisans ? Dans quelle mesure ces clivages s’entrecroisent ou s’imbriquent-ils et comment ? Ce projet de recherche a donc pour objectif d’analyser les transformations du clivage Centre- Périphérie en lien avec ces nouveaux enjeux émergents à partir d’une approche multidimensionnelle. La méthode combine les approches quantitative et qualitative, en étudiant les partis politiques et leurs organisations, leurs positionnements idéologiques sur la base des programmes électoraux, et enfin, leurs bases sociostructurelles. Ce sont ici les cas du Pays Basque et de l’Écosse qui seront plus précisément étudiés. La thèse centrale qui est défendue est que le clivage centre-périphérie a connu des transformations sur le fond et sur la forme, qui se sont cristallisées au cours de la Neoliberal Critical Juncture. Les bases sociostructurelles des électorats se modifient avec les phénomènes de réalignements ; les enjeux autour de ces revendications ethnorégionalistes dépassent la question nationale entendue au sens du XIX/XXe siècle et s’articulent avec les enjeux politiques contemporains (intégration européenne, austérité, welfare, écologie…) ; et de nouvelles formes d’organisation des partis politiques sont mises en place pour répondre aux défis que posent les nouvelles formes d’engagement et de participation.Since the financial crash of 2008, the economic crisis has become a political crisis in many European countries, transforming the partisan systems that have shaped politics for decades. New political parties have emerged, some inspired by the social movements in southern Europe in 2011, and older ones are enjoying renewed success, transforming politics. Some studies point to the emergence of one or more new cleavages linked to globalization. On the other hand, long-standing center-periphery conflicts have lost none of their topicality and, on the contrary, are enjoying renewed momentum, as illustrated by the referendum for Scottish independence in 2014 or Catalonia in 2017. How, then, are we to understand the rise of these ethnoregionalist phenomena in this changing context, where the contours of the cleavages that structure partisan systems are being redefined? To what extent do these cleavages intersect or intertwine, and how? The aim of this research project is therefore to analyse the transformations of the Center-Periphery cleavage in relation to these new emerging issues, using a multidimensional approach. The method combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, studying political parties and their organizations, their ideological positioning on the basis of electoral platforms, and finally, their socio-structural basis. The cases of the Basque Country and Scotland will be studied in greater detail. The central thesis is that the center-periphery cleavage has undergone transformations in form and content, crystallized during the Neoliberal Critical Juncture. The socio-structural basis of electorates are shifting with the phenomena of realignments; the stakes around these ethno-regionalist demands go beyond the national question understood in the 19th and 20th century sense and are articulated with contemporary political issues (European integration, austerity, welfare, ecology…); and new forms of political party organization are being put in place to meet the challenges posed by new forms of engagement and participation
How Does Fire Exclusion Affect the Belowground Biomass of Tropical Open Ecosystems?
No full textAim Belowground biomass, including roots and belowground bud‐bearing organs, is crucial in tropical open ecosystems, particularly during post‐fire regeneration. However, we still do not understand how variation in fire regime modulates the allocation of biomass in these belowground parts. In two distinct fire regimes, we investigated aboveground and belowground biomass, as well as the distribution of biomass and the composition of bud‐bearing belowground organs in open tropical ecosystems. Location Five tropical open ecosystems in Brazil (from northern to southeast Brazil). Methods We assessed above‐ and belowground plant biomass across 100 plots (10 plots for each of the two treatment conditions i.e. frequently burnt and fire excluded, and at five sites in total). We sorted out biomass as live aboveground, belowground bud‐bearing organs, coarse (> 2 mm) and fine roots (< 2 mm). Bud‐bearing belowground organs were classified into morphological categories (e.g., xylopodia, woody rhizome and fleshy rhizome). Results Fire‐excluded areas had a lower root‐to‐shoot ratio and lower total belowground‐to‐aboveground biomass allocation than areas frequently burnt. The total belowground biomass, as well as fine and coarse root biomass and belowground bud‐bearing organ biomass, remained unchanged with fire exclusion. The composition of belowground bud‐bearing organs changed towards organs with lateral spread, such as woody and fleshy rhizomes, when fire was excluded. Conclusions More than 10 years of fire exclusion did not affect the total belowground biomass but changed the composition of bud‐bearing belowground organs in tropical open ecosystems. Even after 12 years of fire exclusion, bud‐bearing belowground organs were still present in the community, ensuring resilience to fire even if they were not burned regularly
Sub-THz Fully-Metallic Geodesic Luneburg Lens Antenna
Get PDFWe propose and validate experimentally a fully metallic geodesic Luneburg lens antenna operating in the sub-THz band. The antenna produces three beams pointing at 0, 40 and -40 degrees. To facilitate the integration, the geodesic lens is folded to reduce its height to approximately 38.7% of the original Rinehart-Luneburg lens. To reduce potential leakage resulting from manufacturing and assembly tolerances at sub-THz frequencies, the waveguide feeding structure has a deliberate small air gap alongside electromagnetic bandgap structures. This enhancement aims to bolster the robustness of the antenna, ensuring stable performance even in the presence of misalignments. The results demonstrate the robustness of geodesic lenses in the sub-THz regime; showing their suitability for applications that require multi-beam antennas at these high frequencies. The successful performance of geodesic lenses in the sub-THz regime confirms its potential for operation at higher frequencies above 300 GHz
