Oskar Bordeaux
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The social and political determinants of support for democratic innovations in France
No full textMany pundits, politicians, journalists or experts argue that deepening participation is the solution to the crisis of representative democracy in France. Democratic innovations are mechanisms aiming at expanding citizens' participation in political decision-making. However, behind this umbrella concept, democratic innovations come in various forms and shapes: citizen-initiated referendums, abrogative referendums, recall, consultative or binding deliberative mini-publics, etc. Some complement representative democracy whereas others contest directly its logic. This chapter will analyze the political and social determinants of support for two democratic innovations that challenge the traditional elective form of political representation: citizen-initiated referendums, and citizens' assemblies replacing elected representatives to take political decisions, relying on descriptive statistics and regression analyses. We build on the fast-growing literature on process preferences such as direct democratic procedures or randomly selected citizens assemblies. This chapter corroborates other findings and confirms that individuals who are the losers of representative democracy, because they are poorly represented politically, descriptively and substantively are also the most likely to support radical reforms that challenge the core logic of the French political system.UNEQUALCITIZE
Clin Transl Oncol
No full textPURPOSE: In the last decade trastuzumab biosimilars became more and more frequent. Among their uses, from several years, they have been available in Europe for the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, as an alternative to Herceptin®. METHODS/PATIENTS: This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the available literature with particular focus on phase 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing adverse events between trastuzumab biosimilar and originator. A systematic review was conducted in Pubmed and Scopus to include all phase 3 RCTs related to trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and published up to July 31, 2023. Of the 508 records identified, 14 articles were meta-analyzed for safety information, including serious treatment emergent adverse events, death-related adverse events, neutropenia, leukopenia, infections, increased ALT, increased AST, anti-drug antibody, and neutralizing antibody. RESULTS: Included patients had an early breast cancer (N=2,877) or a metastatic breast cancer (N=2,603). No significant difference in death-related adverse events was found for trastuzumab biosimilar and originator when evaluated for an early breast cancer in the neoadjuvant phase (Risk Ratio [RR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-3.59; I2 = 0%; p = 0.57) and overall (RR, 0.43; 95%CI, 0.11-1.66; I2 = 20%; p = 0.26), and for metastatic breast cancer (RR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.30-1.26; I2 = 0%; p = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: No difference was also observed for all other safety outcomes as in accordance with clinical studies necessary for the registration and approval of a biosimilar at a European level
Therapie
No full textFrance has several monitoring systems that form the foundation of its health safety surveillance. This system is designed for the early detection of signals and their swift into an action system that enables timely, appropriate, and effective interventions to protect public health. These signals are considered alerts when sufficiently validated after an initial risk assessment and if they represent a potential threat to public health, necessitating an appropriate response. The French Addictovigilance Network (FAN) was established specifically to address complications associated with the use of psychoactive substances (PAS), both medicinal and non-medicinal, excluding alcohol and tobacco. This system, unique in Europe, provides information on one of the most complex vigilance systems due to its scope, and the risks associated with it are becoming an increasingly significant public health issue. FAN is at the forefront of identifying potential signals. It has been working closely with regional partners since 1990, particularly through a multi-source approach that combines data from various sources, in collaboration with local professionals. After outlining the missions of the addictovigilance centres and the general principles of signal detection in addictovigilance, this article will present recent examples involving similar products but different identifications or modes of consumption: synthetic cannabinoids, nitazene, pregabalin, methylphenidate. These examples demonstrate that while there are regional disparities, the risk of occurrence in other French regions should not be overlooked, and information should be rapidly communicated at the national level for preventive action
Consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of sclerosing diseases of the skin, Part 1: Localized scleroderma, systemic sclerosis and overlap syndromes
No full textThe term ‘sclerosing diseases of the skin’ comprises specific dermatological entities, which have fibrotic changes of the skin in common. These diseases mostly manifest in different clinical subtypes according to cutaneous and extracutaneous involvement and can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from each other. The present consensus provides an update to the 2017 European Dermatology Forum Guidelines, focusing on characteristic clinical and histopathological features, diagnostic scores and the serum autoantibodies most useful for differential diagnosis. In addition, updated strategies for the first- and advanced-line therapy of sclerosing skin diseases are addressed in detail. Part 1 of this consensus provides clinicians with an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of localized scleroderma (morphea), and systemic sclerosis including overlap syndromes
Et si l’assurance verte pouvait aider à réduire les produits phytosanitaires dans les vignobles…
Get PDFTimed chromatin invasion during mitosis governs prototype foamy virus integration site selection and infectivity
No full textSelection of a suitable chromatin environment during retroviral integration is a tightly regulated and multilayered process that involves interplay between viral and host factors. However, whether intrinsic chromatin dynamics during mitosis modulate retroviral genome invasion is currently poorly described. Direct interaction between the spumaretrovirus prototype foamy virus (PFV) Gag protein and cellular chromatin has been described as a major determinant for integration site selection. A previous Gag chromatin-binding site (CBS)-nucleosome co-crystal structure revealed an interaction with the histone H2A-H2B acidic patch via a highly conserved arginine anchor residue. Yet, the molecular mechanisms regulating Gag-chromatin capture during PFV infection remain obscure. Here, we investigated the kinetics of Gag-chromatin interactions during mitosis and proviral integration of PFV-infected synchronized cells. Using Gag CBS variant viruses, we showed that alteration of Gag affinity for nucleosome binding induced untimely chromatin tethering during mitosis, decreased infectivity and redistributed viral integration sites to markers associated with late replication timing of host chromosomes. Mutant Gag proteins were moreover defective in their ability to displace the histone H4 tail from the nucleosome acidic patch of highly condensed mitotic chromatin. These data indicate that the mitotic chromatin landscape during Gag-nucleosome interactions hosts PFV integration site selection determinants and that spumaretroviruses evolved highaffinity chromatin binding to overcome early mitosis chromatin condensation for optimal viral DNA tethering, integration and infection
Contribution of spatial projects design to the establishment of territorial sustainable development
No full textLes enjeux du développement durable font consensus dans la société d’un point de vue stratégique et éthique, pour contrer les déséquilibres des développements physiques et socio-économiques des territoires (globalisation, pollution, financiarisation des ressources). Ce consensus implique que la conception de projets d’aménagement de l’espace soit aujourd’hui une pratique se confrontant à des enjeux sociétaux, économiques, ou encore climatiques, impliquant d’adopter une vision systémique sur le fonctionnement des milieux, lieux et environnements, pour agir dessus. Nous avançons en premier lieu l’hypothèse que la pensée par les systèmes constitue un cadre conceptuel approprié pour comprendre le territoire comme un système complexe, dont le fonctionnement peut être impacté par des projets de conception. Les développements s’attachent à montrer que la perception des interrelations entre les éléments du milieu habité permet d’envisager des modèles de gestion des ressources notamment, depuis des modes linéaires jusqu'aux modes circulaires. Dans ce cadre, l'évolution du fonctionnement de systèmes territoriaux englobant villes, espaces d’urbanisation périphériques et espaces ruraux vers plus de circularité dans la gestion des ressources locales devient un cadre d’action stratégique demandant un positionnement politique et éthique de la part des concepteurs de projets spatiaux. Sur cette base, la question sur laquelle se focalise la recherche consiste à déterminer quels sont les paramètres qui permettent de concevoir des projets spatiaux ancrés sur un territoire qui puissent exercer un rôle de catalyseur de développement durable local. À travers des cas d’étude de conception de projets spatiaux allant de l’échelle de bâtiments à celle des territoires, la recherche débouche sur la construction d’outils analytiques et de visualisation des démarches stratégiques et des processus de projet. Ces outils, et les hypothèses développées dans cette thèse ont pour vocation à servir de guides pour favoriser la collaboration projectuelle entre divers acteurs et parties-prenantes d’un projet spatial en décloisonnant les visions et les enjeux du développement territorial.The sustainable development challenges are becoming prevalent in our society, from a strategic and ethical point of view, and are now viewed as consensus in order to counter the imbalances of the physical and socio-economic developments of territories ( globalization, pollution, financialization of resources). This consensus implies that the design of spatial planning projects is today a practice confronting societal, economic, or even climatic issues, which implies to adopt a systemic vision of the ways milieus, places, and environments are functioning, in order to act on it. First, the hypothesis formulated is that systems thinking, i.e. understanding the interrelationships between the constituent elements of milieus, places, and environments, constitutes an appropriate conceptual framework for understanding the territory as a complex system, which functions in some ways that may be impacted by design projects. The further developments seek to show that the perception of the interrelationships between the elements of the inhabited environment makes it possible to consider resource management models in particular, from linear to circular modes. In such context, the evolution of the functioning of territorial systems encompassing cities, peripheral urbanization spaces and rural spaces, towards more circularity in the management of local resources, becomes a framework for strategic action requiring a political and ethical positioning on the part of designers of space projects. On this basis, the question on which the research is focused consists in determining which parameters make it possible to design space projects anchored in a territory, which may play the role of catalyst for local sustainable development. Through case studies of the design practice of spatial projects, ranging from the scale of buildings to that of territories, the research leads to the development of analytical tools and visualization of strategic approaches and project processes. These tools, and the hypotheses developed in this thesis, are intended to serve as guides to promote design collaborations between various actors and stakeholders in a spatial project by decompartmentalizing the visions and challenges of territorial development
Trends Parasitol
No full textTrypanosoma equiperdum is the etiological agent of dourine, a disease specific to equids (horses, mules, donkeys), and is transmitted through coitus. The parasite emerged from Trypanosoma brucei through the deletion of parts of its kinetoplast DNA, which is essential for the transmission of T. brucei by tsetse flies and completion of its lifecycle. This phenomenon allowed a simplification of the lifecycle of T. equiperdum, which now solely exists as a replicative tissue form. Consequently, without the need of a vector which is restricted to sub-Saharan Africa, the parasite has extended its geographical distribution and is endemic in regions of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. However, difficulties in the diagnosis of T. equiperdum limits accurate data on its prevalence. Finally, the pathogenesis mechanisms of dourine remain largely unknown
Blend the wine tourism into the local tourism system to cultivate youthful tastes
No full textWine consumption among legal-age young adults has been declining since 2008. Wine tourism emerged as a crucial strategy to attract this segment seeking shareable experiences. We explore how tourism diversification strategies combining wine tourism with shopping, food, culture, nature, heritage, sport, nightlife, relaxation, and festivals in French wine regions could enhance the experience and attract young adult tourists. Using a sample of 500 wine tourism trips, we first analyze correlations (discrete choice models) between tourist profiles and activity combinations and test (heteroskedastic-corrected models) their impact on stay satisfaction. Results reveal distinct young wine tourists’ profiles according to combinations, with specific satisfaction effects according to age group and wine commitment. Under conditions, the wine tourism diversification strategy may attract young adults but also favor the diversification of wine destinations. By demonstrating how diversified tourism experiences can appeal to younger adults, the research offers insights into preserving wine culture for future generations