Oskar Bordeaux
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cMFA for multi-omics data integration in microbial community models
No full textMicrobial communities are an essential component of plant health, helping in nutrient acquisition and defense against pathogens. Despite their importance, the mechanisms behind their assembly and regulation remain poorly understood. Advances in sequencing and measuring technologies have enabled the collection of multi-omics data, including population counts on the abundance of microorganisms, metabolomic data on metabolite consumption and production, and metatranscriptomic data on gene activity within these communities. In order to answer the question of how these microorganisms function in the community and interact with one another, our main objective is to develop a mathematical model of dynamic systems capable of integrating these time series of multi-omics data at a community scale. Such a model will help to better decipher the functioning of the microbial community and understand its composition, knowing what each individual consume and produces. To achieve this goal, we introduce the community-scale metabolic flux analysis (cMFA) method. In this poster, we introduced the cMFA method, that we assessed on synthetic data from a dynamic model of increasingly complex microbial communities, built upon metabolic models of microorganisms. The observed growth rates were obtained from the spline smoothing of several replicates of the community dynamics. Synthetic meta-transcriptomic data were produced from metabolic fluxes in the dynamic model. Different regularization terms were tested, including different levels of sparsity, for a cross-validated penalty weight. The cMFA method, implemented in Python with OSQP, a software package dedicated to quadratic programming problems, allows for the recovery of the functioning of microbial individuals from multi-omics data acquired at the community scale during growth experiments.Computationel models of crop plant microbial biodiversit
Drug Saf
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is commonly treated with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNFα), but the cardiovascular safety profiles of these drugs remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the individual case safety reports of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) or stroke and to determine whether there was a difference in the frequency of reporting of cardiovascular events between JAKis and anti-TNFα used in RA. METHODS: A case/non-case study was conducted using the WHO VigiBase(®) database. Descriptive analysis was performed, the time to onset (TTO) of MACE was calculated, and the reporting odds ratio (ROR) was used to estimate the frequency of MACE reports associated with JAKis versus anti-TNFα in RA. RESULTS: A total of 18,099 cases of MACE were identified, of which 2543 (14%) were associated with JAKis, predominantly in women (65.4%) and in patients aged ≥65 years (49.9%). The median time to onset was 210 days (IQR 60-510) for JAKis and 690 days (210-1460) for anti-TNFα. JAKis were associated with higher odds of reporting MACE (ROR 1.38 [95% CI 1.32-1.44]), mainly due to non-fatal stroke (1.65 [1.55-1.75]). Stroke as a whole showed similar results (1.62 [1.53-1.72]). The ROR of MACE was also slightly increased in patients aged <65 years treated with JAKis (1.29 [1.21-1.39]). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with anti-TNFα, JAKis were more associated with MACE, especially stroke, and with a shorter time to onset. These data support the hypothesis of a different cardiovascular reporting frequency between JAKis and anti-TNFα. In patients with identified cardiovascular risk, anti-TNFα should be preferred to JAKis until more definitive results are available
Taxes sur les alcools : face à Trump, l’Europe prise au piège de son excédent commercial
Full text linkBraz J Phys Ther
No full textBACKGROUND: Camptocormia is a trunk flexion occurring during walking that the patient can spontaneously correct in a static position. Therefore, capturing the flexed trunk posture on radiograph is difficult. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the interrater reliability in different positions reflecting the dynamic phenomenon of camptocormia using a non-invasive visual three-dimensional capture tool. METHODS: Sample size calculation was at least 31 participants. 34 patients who had camptocormia and were monitored in our clinical practice were included. Two different examiners performed measurements using SAM3D tool in the three following positions: Spontaneous Standing Position (SSP), Upright Standing Position (USP), and Walking-like Standing Position (WSP). Sagittal parameters were measured: arrow in C7, kyphosis, lordosis, and knee flexion. The interrater reliability was assessed using Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC). RESULTS: Regarding the arrow in C7, the Lin's CCCs were excellent, respectively 0.96 (SSP), 0.98 (USP), and 0.97 (WSP). All the CCCs for other parameters were at least fairly good (>0.87). There were significant differences in arrows in C7 between USP and the two other positions (SSP and WSP). CONCLUSION: SAM3D is a non-invasive visual three-dimensional capture tool allowing safe and automatic assessments, and repeated measurements with good interrater reliability
Eur J Dent Educ
No full textOBJECTIVES: To describe the stress and confidence of dental students during the management of an endodontic emergency (EE) and investigate the associated factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 227 undergraduate dental students undergoing clinical training (i.e., in the fourth, fifth, or sixth year) who responded to questions asking for their overall level of stress during an EE and their level of confidence in their ability to manage 50 steps of EE management related to communication and technical skills, and clinical examination and decision-making. RESULTS: Managing EE was perceived as slightly or fairly stressful by 70% of the fourth- to sixth-year students. The fourth- and fifth-year students felt significantly greater stress (p = 0.026) and lower confidence (p < 0.001) than the sixth-year students, as did women (p < 0.001 for both). No significant difference in stress or confidence levels was observed across the clinical training environments evaluated. Just over half of the students reported being confident about discussing a case with their teacher. The situations in which students felt least confident were patient management, crack detection, lymph node palpation, locoregional or intrapulpal anaesthesia, and intraoral drainage, and those in which students gained the most confidence in the sixth year compared to the lower grades were clinical decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: Managing EE was perceived as slightly or fairly stressful for most students, and stress decreased, while confidence increased in the 3 years of clinical training. Although these findings are positive for the existing training program, there is still work to be done to improve students' learning experiences, especially on teacher receptiveness
Towards a global understanding of tree mortality
No full textLa mortalité des arbres ne cesse d’augmenter dans de nombreuses régions du monde, ce qui a des répercussions sur les forêts et le climat. Cependant, nous ne connaissons pas les causes et la variabilité de ces tendances à l’échelle mondiale. L’évaluation complète de la mortalité des arbres à l’échelle de la planète nécessite l’intégration systématique des données issues de la surveillance à long terme des forêts sur le terrain et de la télédétection à grande échelle. Nous avons étudié ici les métadonnées des inventaires forestiers dans 89 pays et sur cinq continents à l’aide de questionnaires et nous discutons de la possibilité de les utiliser pour estimer les tendances de mortalité à l’échelle mondiale. Notre étude montre d’une part que la superficie forestière inventoriée a régulièrement augmenté depuis les années 60, et d’autre part qu’il existe de nombreuses régions pour lesquelles les informations au sol sur la mortalité des arbres sont limitées. L’intégration des inventaires forestiers, de la surveillance par télédétection et de la modélisation peut potentiellement combler ces lacunes, mais cela nécessite le développement de solutions techniques et d’accords juridiquement contraignants pour permettre un flux continu d’informations depuis le terrain jusqu’aux évaluations globales. Enfin, un véritable effort mondial de surveillance devrait promouvoir des collaborations équitables, en transférant des fonds aux scientifiques des régions les moins riches et en leur donnant les moyens d’agir. Dans le contexte du changement climatique, l’intérêt croissant pour les forêts en tant que solutions fondées sur la nature, les progrès des nouvelles technologies et la connectivité mondiale signifient qu’aujourd’hui un système global de surveillance de la mortalité n’est pas seulement une nécessité urgente, mais aussi une action réalisable dès à présent.Rates of tree mortality are increasing globally, with implications for forests and climate. Yet, how and why these trends vary globally remain unknown. Developing a comprehensive assessment of global tree mortality will require systematically integrating data from ground-based long-term forest monitoring with large-scale remote sensing. We surveyed the metadata from 466 865 forest monitoring plots across 89 countries and five continents using questionnaires and discuss the potential to use these to estimate tree mortality trends globally. Our survey shows that the area monitored has increased steadily since 1960, but we also identify many regions with limited ground-based information on tree mortality. The integration of existing ground-based forest inventories with remote sensing and modelling can potentially fill those gaps, but this requires development of technical solutions and agreements that enable seamless flows of information from the field to global assessments of tree mortality. A truly global monitoring effort should promote fair and equitable collaborations, transferring funding to and empowering scientists from less wealthy regions. Increasing interest in forests as a natural climate solution, the advancement of new technologies and world-wide connectivity means that now a global monitoring system of tree mortality is not just urgently needed but also possible.Marie Curie Actions 895158Horizon 2020 Research and innovation program 758873, TreeMortI tassi di mortalità degli alberi stanno aumentando in molte regioni del mondo, con rilevanti implicazioni ecologiche per le foreste e il clima. Tuttavia, rimangono sconosciute le dinamiche e i meccanismi attraverso i quali la tendenza all’aumento della mortalità varia a livello globale. Una comprensiva stima dei livelli delle tendenze della mortalità degli alberi richiede l’integrazione sistematica e su larga scala dei dati provenienti dal monitoraggio forestale a lungo termine tramite rilievi a terra con il telerilevamento. Nel presente lavoro vengono riassunti i dati complessivi di 466.865 aree di monitoraggio forestale distribuite in 89 paesi e cinque continenti, e viene discusso il loro potenziale per la stima delle tendenze globali della mortalità degli alberi. I dati presentati mostrano che le superfici monitorate sono aumentate costantemente dal 1960, ma identificano anche molte regioni con limitate informazioni basate sui rilievi a terra. L’integrazione degli inventari forestali esistenti (con osservazioni dirette a terra) con il telerilevamento e la modellizzazione hanno la capacità potenziale di colmare queste lacune, ma ciò richiede lo sviluppo di soluzioni tecniche e accordi giuridicamente vincolanti che consentano flussi ininterrotti di informazioni. Infine, uno sforzo per la realizzazione di un monitoraggio veramente globale dovrebbe promuovere collaborazioni eque, trasferendo finanziamenti e responsabilizzando gli scienziati delle regioni meno ricche. Il crescente interesse per le foreste come soluzione climatica naturale, il progresso delle nuove tecnologie e la connettività mondiale fanno sì che ora un sistema di monitoraggio globale della mortalità degli alberi non sia solo urgente e necessario, ma anche possibile.Die Sterblichkeitsrate von Bäumen nimmt in vielen Regionen zu, was Auswirkungen auf die Waldökosysteme und das Klima hat. Wie und warum diese Trends weltweit variieren, ist jedoch nach wie vor unbekannt. Um eine umfassende Bewertung der globalen Baumsterblichkeit zu ermöglichen, ist die systematische Verknüpfung von Daten aus bodengestütztem Langzeitmonitoring von Wäldern und großflächiger Fernerkundung sowie Modellierung notwendig. Wir haben die Metadaten von 466 865 Waldüberwachungsflächen in 89 Ländern auf fünf Kontinenten mit Hilfe von Fragebögen erhoben und erörtern das Potenzial dieser Daten, Trends in der Baummortalität zu erfassen. Unsere Erhebung zeigt, dass die überwachte Fläche seit 1960 stetig zugenommen hat. Allerdings stellen wir auch fest, dass es viele Regionen mit begrenzten bodengestützten Informationen zur Baummortalität gibt. Die Verknüpfung von bestehenden bodengestützten Waldinventuren und Waldmonitoringaktivitäten mit Fernerkundung und Modellierung kann diese Lücken schließen. Dies erfordert jedoch die Entwicklung technischer Lösungen und rechtsverbindlicher Vereinbarungen, die einen nahtlosen Informationsfluss von der Feldarbeit bis hin zu globalen Bewertungen der Baummortalität ermöglichen. Schließlich sollte ein globales Monitoring eine faire Zusammenarbeit fördern, indem es Finanzmittel an Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen aus weniger wohlhabenden Regionen weiterleitet und diese dadurch stärkt. Das wachsende Interesse an Wäldern und ihrem Beitrag dem Klimawandel zu begegnen, die Entwicklung neuer Technologien und die weltweite Vernetzung bedeuten, dass ein globales Überwachungssystem für die Baummortalität nicht nur dringend erforderlich, sondern auch möglich ist
La prévisibilité d’une interprétation jurisprudentielle
No full textCrim., 21 janvier 2025, pourvoi n° 22-87.145 et Crim., 13 mars 2024, pourvoi n° 22-83.689, publiés au Bulletin – arrêt non définiti
Enseigner le design : enjeux de démocratie
No full textCet ouvrage collectif interroge le champ du design en privilégiant une approche pluridisciplinaire et en questionnant ses fondements épistémologiques. Cette contribution au design se consacre à ses enseignements et plus précisément aux compétences et aux valeurs indispensables à tout système démocratique. Dans cette perspective, nous proposons des débats menés au sein des différents chapitres sur la nécessité de former des citoyens et des citoyennes capables d’agir dans nos démocraties pétries d’enjeux techniques. C'est en ce sens qu'enseigner le design implique de revenir sur les formations des concepteurs et des conceptrices et, de ce fait, sur l’activité de conception comme enjeu profondément démocratique.Cette activité considérée comme complexe se situe au cœur de l’enseignement du design. Son apprentissage est développé dans cet ouvrage en interrogeant les enjeux d'une démocratie technique et en approfondissant ses possibles compétences et valeurs. Celles-ci participent au développement d’une posture citoyenne amenée à concevoir des artefacts et des systèmes techniques
