Oskar Bordeaux
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Lancet Public Health
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medicines are key to reducing HIV infection. Improving access, increasing initiation, and expanding the populations covered is therefore important. In June, 2021, in France, PrEP initiation was extended to primary care. The aim of this study was to describe the deployment and characteristics of PrEP initiation in primary care. METHODS: We did a nationwide cohort study using data obtained from the French National Health Data System (Systeme National des Donnees de Sante). We included all people aged 15 years or older, who initiated PrEP in primary care between June 1, 2021, and Dec 31, 2022. We estimated the number of PrEP initiations per month over the period, and the characteristics of people initiating PrEP and prescribers, and PrEP use. FINDINGS: 13 500 individuals initiated PrEP in primary care during the study period. The mean number of PrEP initiations increased from 654 (SD 64) per month between July and December, 2021, to 783 (SD 86) per month between July and December, 2022. Individuals initiating PrEP were predominantly male (12 996 [96.3%] of 13 500 individuals) with a mean age of 36 years (SD 11.8), who lived in large urban areas (9581 [71.0%]). 1012 (7.5%) of 13 500 individuals were socioeconomically disadvantaged. Of the 5125 PrEP initiation prescribers, 4542 (88.6%) were general practitioners (GPs), and 4713 (44.7%) of 10 525 were the patient's family practitioner. In the 6 months after PrEP initiation, 6216 (70.8%) of 8783 PrEP initiators had at least one monthly renewal (mean 3.3 renewals [SD 1.7]). 11 961 (82.4%) of 14 507 renewals were made by the same practitioner who had initiated PrEP, and this proportion was higher when the prescriber who had initiated PrEP was the family practitioner (6225 [92.5%] of 7135 renewals). INTERPRETATION: Although the number of PrEP initiations in primary care steadily increased over the study period, the profile of users was unchanged when compared with before extension. The high proportion of PrEP initiations not prescribed by family practitioners highlights potential barriers to sharing sexual health concerns with the family practitioner. Extending PrEP to women, individuals who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, and all those who might benefit from it will require increased awareness among target audiences and practitioners. FUNDING: French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety
LIPID DROPLETS: NEW ACTORS OF THE PLANT VIRUS INFECTION
No full textOver the past decade, there has been an increase in evidence that human positive single stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses extensively manipulate the host's lipid metabolism and use lipid droplets (LDs) to enhance energy production and promote viral replication and assembly (Monson et al., 2021). LDs are universal dynamic organelles with a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer associated with enzymes and structural proteins. More than simple storage units, these organelles are key regulators of cellular homeostasis, playing significant roles in lipid metabolism, energy storage, and signal transduction (Bouchnak et al., 2023). Very recent studies have highlighted the potential role of LDs in plant responses to infections caused by both plant and fungal viruses (Dai et al., 2024; Wang et al., 2024). However, the mechanisms involving LDs in plant-virus interactions remain unexplored.In this study, we present the first comprehensive analysis of LD accumulation and their recruitment to viral replication compartments (VRCs) during infection by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV, a member of the Potyvirus genus) in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana, using confocal microscopy. We also evidenced a significant accumulation of neutral lipids in infected leaves thus confirming that TuMV-infection induces LD biogenesis. In addition, Transmission Electron Microscopy data revealed that the newly formed LDs are located near TuMV-induced VRCs. In agreement with these results, our mRNA translatome analysis of TuMV-infected A. thaliana leaves revealed an increased translation of LD structural proteins, LIPID DROPLET ASSOCIATED PROTEINs (LDAPs), a family of proteins crucial for LD biosynthesis and stability, and recruitment of lipases. Moreover, TuMV propagation was significantly impaired in Arabidopsis ldap knock-out mutants and enhanced in LDAP overexpressing plants. Our preliminary data suggest that LDAP proteins may play roles in both viral movement and replication and therefore represent key factors in LD recruitment during viral infection. Collectively, our results point to a pro-viral function of LDs in TuMV-infected plants.Rôle des gouttelettes lipidiques dans l'infection virale chez les plante
Quantophrenia and the promises of genetics: do research practices (dis)advantage the "conservation" of species?
No full textLa génétique des populations s'intéresse à la variabilité de la diversité génétique dans les populations soumises à différentes forces évolutives. Notre manuscrit examine la transformation de cette discipline sous l'effet de la prolifération des marqueurs moléculaires et des outils de séquençage de l'ADN. Nous analysons les hypothèses, voire les croyances, de la communauté scientifique qui sous-tendent l'utilisation quantophrènes des marqueurs, alors que des résultats très significatifs sur les déterminants de la diversité génétique sont déjà disponibles. Nous discutons des implications de ces pratiques pour la politique de génétique de conservation au niveau international. En effet, la communauté défend une approche qui vise à décrire des tailles de populations efficaces à grande échelle, sans prendre en compte les coûts environnementaux de ces actions. Nous discutons également de « l'hypothèse de la connaissance » dans cet article, c'est-à-dire l'hypothèse que la connaissance seule mènerait à une action efficace. Il nous semble que le sens (les promesses associées) et la matérialité (l'empreinte environnementale des pratiques) doivent être pris en compte pour reconstruire la discipline.Population genetics is concerned with the variability of genetic diversity in populations subjected to different evolutionary forces. Our perspective manuscript looks at the transformation of this discipline under the effect of the proliferation of molecular markers and DNA sequencing tools. We attempt to analyse the assumptions, and even the beliefs, of the scientific community underlying the quantophrenic use of markers when very significant results on the determinants of genetic diversity are already available. We discuss the implications of these practices for conservation genetics policy at the international level. Indeed, the community is defending an approach that aims to describe effective population sizes on a large scale, without considering the environmental costs of these actions. In this paper we also discuss the "knowledge hypothesis", i.e. that knowledge would lead to effective action. It seems to us that both meaning (the associated promises) and materiality (the environmental footprint of practices) need to be taken into account for reconstructing the discipline.</div
Frontières et porosité entre maquillage et photographie du film au prisme du cas de Chantal Leothier, cheffe maquilleuse-coiffeuse
No full textBulletin BiblioDem 2025-22-1
No full textDans ce numéro, les articles suivants sont analysés : 1. Aunsmo RH, Strand BH, Anstey KJ, Bergh S, Kivimaki M, Kohler S, et al. Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2024;16(4):e70036. 2. Benussi A, Huber H, Tan K, Cantoni V, Rivolta J, Cotelli MS, et al. Plasma p-tau(217) and neurofilament/p-tau(217) ratio in differentiating Alzheimer's disease from syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(2):e14482. 3. Chen Y, Grodstein F, Capuano AW, Wang T, Bennett DA, James BD. Late-life social activity and subsequent risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(1):e14316. 4. Marseglia A, Dartora C, Samuelsson J, Poulakis K, Mohanty R, Shams S, et al. Biological brain age and resilience in cognitively unimpaired 70-year-old individuals. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(2):e14435. 5. Qureshi D, Luben R, Hayat S, Talarico R, Allen NE, Kuzma E, et al. Role of age and exposure duration in the association between metabolic syndrome and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2024;5(12):100652. 6. van Lent DM, Mesa HG, Short MI, Gonzales MM, Aparicio HJ, Salinas J, et al. Association between dietary inflammatory index score and incident dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(1):e14390
19th Francophone Conference on Clinical Epidemiology and 32nd Meeting of the Statisticians from Comprehensive Cancer Centers
No full textMéthodologie détaillée d'étude des sondes de sol IoT mesurant la température et l'humidité (ECOLOGGING_PROSPER) et exemple de déploiement.
No full textCe rapport montre la méthodologie détaillée que nous avons mis en place pour étudier des sondes IoT en humidité (SEN0308) et en température (DS18B20).Ces sondes ont été comparées à des CS650 de chez campbell scientific en fonction de 2 types de sol (prélevé en Dordogne 24) et 3 niveaux de prélèvements.Nous allons aussi vous présenter les différentes étapes avant déploiement d'une station instrumentée pour le Suivi du Sol et son système d'acquisition
Metabolic profiling of three Brachypodium species reveals different adaptive strategies to ammonium stress
No full textNitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) in crops is a critical challenge, as only 40 % of applied nitrogen is typically recovered at harvest. Ammonium-based nutrition is proposed as a strategy to increase NUE in agrosystems. However, crops display better performance when growing with a nitrate-based nutrition. To advance in the current understanding of the interspecific variability to ammonium nutrition, we investigated the performance of the three annual species of Brachypodium genus: B. distachyon, B. stacei, and B. hybridum, focusing on their differential responses to ammonium and nitrate nutrition. B. stacei appeared as a tolerant species, with equal growth regardless of the N source, and B. distachyon as the most sensitive, while B. hybridum showed an intermediate phenotype. Metabolomic analysis highlighted critical differences in N metabolism, where B. stacei and B. hybridum exhibited more robust N assimilation in terms of protein content. In addition, several metabolic pathways were found associated with ammonium nutrition. Notably, flavonoid biosynthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways together with ethylene precursors and iron homeostasis-related compounds contributed to explain species-specific responses to ammonium nutrition. Altogether, these findings pinpoint potential strategies for improving N utilization and ammonium stress tolerance in cereals.Centre français de phénomique végétal
Châtelperronian cultural diversity at its western limits: Shell beads and pigments from La Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire
No full textThe timing and mechanisms underlying the gradual replacement of Neanderthal populations by Homo sapiens groups have elicited heated debate for decades. The Châtelperronian of France and northern Spain has figured prominently in these discussions. While the Neanderthal authorship of this techno-complex is far less certain than previously thought, the Châtelperronian is now generally accepted as being among the first genuine Upper Paleolithic industries in Eurasia rather than a \"transitional\" stone tool technology. Here, we report the first association of shell beads with Châtelperronian artifacts from new excavations at the site of La-Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire (France), supported by a multiproxy spatial analysis that incorporates site formation processes. Similar types of personal ornaments are unknown from Middle Paleolithic contexts. Comparable examples have, however, been recovered from contexts penecontemporaneous with the Châtelperronian in south-eastern Europe and around the Mediterranean. This hitherto undocumented combination of an early Upper Paleolithic industry and shell beads provides insights into cultural variability in western Europe and raises the question as to whether the makers of the Châtelperronian were influenced by or formed part of the earliest dispersals of H. sapiens into the region.De l'Homme de Néandertal à l'Homo sapiens - Comprendre une (r)évolution culturelle en Europe au Paléolithiqu