Oskar Bordeaux
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Sympatric Populations of Crop and Wild Carrots ( Daucus carota subsp.) Have Distinct Viromes, with Shared Core Species More Prevalent in Farm-Grown Populations
No full textViral exchanges between crops and wild plants are important considerations in virus ecology and epidemiology but remain poorly understood. To investigate such exchanges, we compared the viromes of wild and farmed carrots ( Daucus carota subsp.) growing near each other in France. Farm populations included cultivated varieties and off-type carrots (resembling wild ones) growing among them. This crop–wild relative pathosystem offers notable opportunities for virus exchange due to the hosts’ genetic closeness and geographic proximity. High-throughput sequencing found that viral taxonomic richness was greatest in wild carrots. However, hierarchical clustering and bipartite network analyses revealed that wild and farm carrot viromes differed in their seedborne and vector-borne components. About 50% of viral taxa were shared among population types, whereas others were uniquely associated with either wild or farm carrots. Individual-plant RT-PCR testing of 16 aphid-borne agents from the shared core virome found that their prevalence was generally greatest in farm populations, with some geographic variability in virus pressure. The viromes of off-type and cultivated carrots were most similar, suggesting that proximity and/or management practices influence virome properties. For some aphid-borne viruses, similar isolates were found in wild and cultivated carrots, suggesting exchanges between them or with a shared source. However, isolates of other aphid-borne viruses clustered by carrot type, indicating barriers to viral fluxes that might involve differential susceptibility of populations, vector preferences, or unidentified factors. To improve virus management, we need better understanding of how specific facilitators and barriers of viral exchange can be manipulated to reduce negative viral impacts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license
Archaeological survey of the Modder River dongas, Free State, South Africa
No full textThe semi-arid grasslands of the Free State Province of South Africa have produced the earliest evidence of the presence of Homo sapiens in the subcontinent, together with an extensive Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental record based on fossil assemblages. However, the known Middle Stone Age (MSA) archaeological sites in the Free State are limited to a few major localities that cannot be integrated into a unitary narrative, thus hindering our understanding of human cultural evolution in the central interior of South Africa. Here we report the results of a survey of the dongas of the Modder River aimed at documenting new localities embedded within its alluvial terraces. We identified 43 previously unknown archaeological areas spanning the Late Pleistocene to Holocene based on the regional chronology, of which the majority are MSA sites. Four of the latter include artefacts in situ and thus hold potential for excavation and absolute dating by trapped-charge methods. The occurrence of a specific lithic type at six sites along the course of the river highlights a pattern in the occupation of the region during Marine Isotope Stage 5, which confirms the importance of the grasslands of the central interior for the characterisation of the spatiotemporal distribution of human groups in the open landscape during the MSA
BMC Public Health
No full textBACKGROUND: Health mediation practices are multiform-as they constantly adapt to the context-and multilevel, making any study of health mediation complex. Given this background, some authors in interventional health research working on the complexity of interventions highlighted the need for a solid conceptual framework-upstream of any evaluation-that considers all the specificities of the intervention and the context. The present realist qualitative study aimed to deepen our understanding of how health mediation could foster healthcare utilization. METHODS: We conducted a realist qualitative study from May 2021 to September 2022 in France using eighteen semi-structured interviews of professionals implementing health mediation. The themes investigated were their professional framework, activities, and perception of factors facilitating and limiting the effect of health mediation on the fostering of healthcare utilization by underserved populations. Data was analyzed to develop a taxonomy of health mediation activities and to hypothesize initial middle-range theories necessary to explain the effect of health mediation on healthcare utilization. Results were amended and adjusted at four consensus seminars in February 2023. RESULTS: The taxonomy comprised 59 activities grouped into standardized categories into three dimensions: the territorial structuring of health mediation, the coordination and steering of response actions, and healthcare system navigation. We identified three initial middle-range theories that could explain how health mediation might foster healthcare utilization among underserved populations. Specifically, these theories suggested two prerequisites for effective health mediation. The first would be the need for a community of practice to help the healthcare system adapt to the problems and needs of underserved populations. The second would be the need to foster the intention to use the healthcare system, based on the targeted populations' perceived and unperceived health needs. In turn, this could encourage effective healthcare utilization for these populations. DISCUSSION: Health mediators might complement the work of all other healthcare and social workers to respond proportionately to the needs and different vulnerabilities of underserved populations. In this way, health mediation promotes the right to good health and fosters healthcare utilization
“Cadeira”, de José Saramago: um exemplo de escrita e perspetiva revolucionárias
No full textThe short story ‘Cadeira’, published in the collection Objecto Quase [The Lives of Things] (1978), is part ofa series of texts which, as well as illustrating the post-25 April break in José Saramago’s career, evoke thechallenges of the transition from dictatorship to democracy, drawing attention to this key moment in thecountry’s history. The collapse of Salazar’s dictatorship is evoked through unconventional narrative andstylistic strategies, allowing us to measure the impact of the Revolution on the work and to observe the revolution taking place in the writing itself. One of the most significant aspects of the subversion introduced by the text lies in the relearning of a critical, subversive and lucid vision as a bastion against the reduction of the human being to a mere object.O conto “Cadeira”, publicado na coletânea Objecto Quase (1978), insere-se num conjunto de textos que,além de ilustrarem a rutura que intervém no pós-25 de Abril, na carreira de José Saramago, evocam osdesafios da transição da ditadura para a democracia, chamando a atenção para este momento-chave da história do país. O desmoronamento da ditadura salazarista é nele evocado através de estratégias narrativas e estilísticas nada convencionais, permitindo medir o impacto da Revolução sobre a obra e observar a revolução que se dá na própria escrita. Um dos aspetos mais relevantes da subversão introduzida pelo texto reside na reaprendizagem de uma visão crítica, subversiva e lúcida enquanto baluarte contra a redução do ser humano a mero objeto
Eur J Public Health
No full textTo examine the association between intimate partner psychological violence (P-IPV) from before pregnancy to 2 years after the child's birth and child's sleep patterns, i.e. sleep onset difficulty (SOD), nighttime awakenings (NA), and nighttime sleep duration (NSD) between 2 and 5 years of child's age. Data come from the population-based French birth ELFE cohort launched in 2011. P-IPV was assessed before and during pregnancy, at 2 months and 2 years post-partum. Children's sleep patterns were measured at 2, 3, and 5 years of age. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify trajectories of P-IPV and each child's sleep patterns. Associations between P-IPV and children's sleep trajectories were assessed by weighted multivariate logistic regressions. Five P-IPV trajectories were identified: minimal (64%), prenatal (14%), decreasing (9%), increasing (8%), and persistent (5%). Two trajectories of SOD (few 65% and many 35%), three trajectories of NA (few 49%, decreasing 24%, and many 23%), and three trajectories of NSD (short 21%, medium 56%, and long 23%) were identified. About 9513, 9512, and 9499 children were included in comparative analyses, respectively, focused on SOD, NA, and NSD. Increasing and persistent P-IPV trajectories were both associated with the trajectory of many SODs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confident interval (CI) = 1.24-1.91; and OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.31-2.22, respectively] and the trajectory of many NA (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.29-2.13); and (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.42-2.69, respectively). Associations between persistent P-IPV and decreasing and many NA were significant among girls (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.12-2.75 and OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.39-3.71, respectively), but not among boys. Family interventions in response to IPV should pay particular attention to sleep patterns of children exposed to IPV.Plateforme de REcherche sur les COhortes d'enfants suivis depuis la NAIssanc
JACC Clin Electrophysiol
No full textBACKGROUND: Although differential pacing (DP) has been conventionally used to confirm the achievement of block across linear lesion sets, high-resolution mapping (HRM)can unmask pseudoblock and persistent residual conduction across the lines. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare conventional DP criteria with HRM for line assessment and to evaluate the impact of persistent residual conduction across a line on the risk of developing atrial tachycardia (AT) during follow-up. METHODS: Our study included consecutive patients who underwent AT or persistent atrial fibrillation ablation with ≥1 atrial linear lesion. We systematically evaluated the existence of a residual conduction through all linear lesions using HRM and compared this strategy with the results of DP. RESULTS: In a cohort of 102 patients, 101 cavotricuspid isthmus lines, 85 roof lines, and 84 mitral isthmus lines were systematically evaluated using DP and HRM. Among the cavotricuspid isthmus lines, 38 lines (37.6%) exhibited residual conduction as determined by HRM. In these 38 cases, DP yielded a false-positive result in 14 cases (37%). For the roof lines, 40 lines (47.1%) showed residual conduction, with DP yielding false-positive results in 16 (40%) of these cases. Regarding the mitral isthmus lines, 24 lines (28.6%) displayed residual conduction, and DP provided false-positive results in 13 (54%) of these cases. The 1-year AT-free survival rate was 95.4% in patients where all attempted lines were successfully blocked, compared to 31.9% in those with ≥1 line that remained unblocked despite multiple ablation attempts. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic use of HRM for line assessment allows to unmask a substantial proportion of pseudoblocks not identified by DP. The existence of a persistent residual conduction through a line is associated with a high risk of AT during follow-up
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol
No full textBackground: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation has become a cornerstone of patient care, especially for post-MI VT. Several strategies have proven effective for achieving rhythm control in this population, but the workflow is highly variable and depends on the physician's experience. Aim: This study describes the initial systematic experience of VT ablation targeting wall thickness heterogeneity on a cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanner used as a surrogate for mapped VT isthmii. Methods: Consecutive patients with post-MI VT, a CT scan, and a first VT ablation were included from January 2017 to May 2022. Targets were identified based on wall thickness heterogeneity. After image integration, ablation with > 10 grams, 40-50 W was performed with the aim of blocking the CT channels/render them non-capturable. Only then was inducibility tested. Inducible VT, if any, were conventionally mapped and ablated with the aim of reaching non-inducibility. Results: Thirty-nine patients (97.4% male, age: mean LVEF 35 +/- 10%) were included. The mean number of identified CT Channels was 3.6 +/- 1.8/patient. Non-inducibility was achieved in 19 (48.7%) of patients after initial imaging-guided ablation, while at least one VT could be induced in 19 (48.7%). Among these patients, 4 had VT related to unblocked or reconnected CT-determined VT channels, and 15 from other areas (border zone), typically with faster cycle length. After further mapping and ablation, 3 (7.7%) patients remained inducible. Mean radiofrequency time was 35 +/- 19 min for CT Channels ablation, with an additional 11 +/- 8 min for supplementary ablation (global mean RF time 35 +/- 19 min). With a mean follow-up of 47.8 +/- 24.3 months, 61.9% (95% CI: 44.0%-75.5%) remained VT free. Conclusion: CT-guided ablation represents a feasible and safe strategy for VT ablation in patients with an ischemic cardiomyopathy
cMFA Inference method for multi-omics data integration in microbial community models
No full textUnderstanding the functioning of microbial communities is challenging due to the complexity of their interactions and assembly mechanisms. However, advances in sequencing technologies have enabled the collection of multi-omics data, including population counts and metabolomic or metatranscriptomic profiles. Our main objective is to develop a mathematical model capable of integrating time series of multi-omics data at the community scale.We introduce the community Metabolic Flux Analysis (cMFA) method: a biology-informed inference approach that generalizes classical Metabolic Flux Analysis. This high-dimensional analytical framework aims to estimate metabolic fluxes by integrating multi-omics data. Specifically, we aim to (i) quantify, for each member of the microbial community, their individual contributions to overall community dynamics based on external measurements of metabolite dynamics, and (ii) infer their intracellular distribution of metabolic fluxes. The difficulty here is in accurately inferring latent internal rates from a few observations of community-scale consumption and production rates for extracellular metabolites.We evaluated the cMFA method using synthetic data generated from dynamic models of microbial communities of increasing complexity using dynamic flux balance analysis, based on metabolic models of different Escherichia coli mutants. Synthetic metatranscriptomic data were obtained from internal metabolic fluxes simulated in the dynamic model. To evaluate the robustness of the method, multiplebenchmarks were tested. These included assessments of the robustness of the method to data noise,incomplete meta-transcriptomic data, inaccurate prior knowledge of metabolic import rates, and larger of microbial communities. We are currently finalizing various benchmarks and working with real experimental data.Computationel models of crop plant microbial biodiversit