Oskar Bordeaux
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New insights on the evolution of processionary moths (Thaumetopoea spp., Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) based on a RAD‐seq phylogeny
No full textThaumetopoea is a genus of Lepidoptera referred to as the processionary moths species, that comprises famous defoliators of forest trees. They are also a threat to human and animal health due to the urticating setae carried by their larvae. Their phylogenetic relationships were studied so far using morphological data, mitochondrial DNA and only a few nuclear markers. Results remained controversial so far, notably for the winter Conifer‐feeding species complex encompassing T. pityocampa and T. wilkinsoni. In particular, since the first identification of divergent mitochondrial clades, several new species were described and incongruent phylogenies were proposed in this group. We here explored the potential of nuclear RAD‐seq data to resolve these inconsistencies and compare the resultant phylogeny with the information provided by the mitochondrial COI gene. It allows to propose a robust phylogeny and decipher cases of mitochondrial introgressions and nuclear‐mitochondrial discordance, which raises doubts about the validity of some recently described species. Hence, we recommend caution before describing new taxa in this group from mitochondrial data alone. Species delineation between geographically bounded and genetically differentiated lineages cannot be addressed pertinently without dedicated sampling and associated population genomic and ecological studies.Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversit
How can biodiversity strategy and action plans incorporate genetic diversity and align with global commitments?
No full textNational, subnational, and supranational entities are creating biodiversity strategy and action plans (BSAPs) to develop concrete commitments and actions to curb biodiversity loss, meet international obligations, and achieve a society in harmony with nature. In light of policymakers’ increasing recognition of genetic diversity in species and ecosystem adaptation and resilience, this article provides an overview of how BSAPs can incorporate species’ genetic diversity. We focus on three areas: setting targets; committing to actions, policies, and programs; and monitoring and reporting. Drawing from 21 recent BSAPs, we provide examples of policies, knowledge, projects, capacity building, and more. We aim to enable and inspire specific and ambitious BSAPs and have put forward 10 key suggestions mapped to the policy cycle. Together, scientists and policymakers can translate high level commitments, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, into concrete nationally relevant targets, actions and policies, and monitoring and reporting mechanisms.Indicateurs génétiques pour le suivi de la natur
Jacques Cujas (1522-1590), jurisconsulte humaniste
No full text2e éd., Genève, Droz (Titre courant 79)Jacques Cujas apparaît comme l’un des principaux représentants de l’humanisme juridique, courant qui introduit l’idée d’évolution dans la construction du droit et des institutions. Au fil de ses professorats, Cujas poursuit la critique humaniste en portant à son apogée la méthode historique. Il cherche à rétablir les textes dans leur version d’origine par la recherche des interpolations, tout en intégrant les dispositions commentées dans la longue durée. Il s’appuie tant sur sa maîtrise de la doctrine juridique, que sur sa vaste culture littéraire et philosophique. Ses travaux de philologue et d’éditeur restent d’utiles références, sans même évoquer ses reconstitutions commentées des ouvrages des juristes romains ou son analyse critique du corpus juris civilis. L’érudition ne tient cependant pas Cujas trop éloigné de la pratique, comme le prouvent ses consultations ou son étude de la féodalité. Soumis à l’épreuve de l’humanisme cujacien, le droit ressort transformé de la confrontation
Phenotypic integration of post-germination traits in Quercus suber : morphology is mediated by acorn mass and leaf physiology by populations’ climate
No full textBackground and Aims Assessing intra-specific trait covariation across populations is essential to understand species’ adaptive responses to climatic variation. However, in tree species this is understudied for early-life stages despite their greater vulnerability to environmental changes, and climatic adaptations can differ between tree ages. In this paper we study the integrated phenotype of Quercus suber during the months following germination. For this purpose we assessed the covariation of key traits involved in seedlings’ water and C economies along a gradient of aridity at seed origin. Methods We performed a provenance trial with 157 Q. suber seedlings originating from seven different populations across the species distribution. The seedlings were germinated and grown for 4 months under common conditions. Acorn mass along with 11 above- and below-ground traits involved in water and carbon use were measured. They were organized into latent variables and their covariation with increasing aridity and temperatures was analysed using structural equation modelling. Individual traits were also analysed with linear mixed-effects models to account for maternal effects. Key Results Seedlings from arid populations displayed a higher leaf evaporative surface coupled with greater root development. They also showed greater stomatal size and chlorophyll content, strongly linked to traits conferring drought and heat tolerance (low root–shoot ratio and high flavonoids). The development of above- and below-ground tissues responded mainly to acorn mass, whereas leaf physiology variations were associated with the populations’ climate. Conclusions Surprisingly, dry-origin seedlings display a more acquisitive strategy at the whole-plant level compared with seedlings from mesic provenances. This allows greater water and carbon uptake capacities following germination, which is critical for their survival during their first summer. Leaf physiology adjustments to populations’ climate contrasts with observations by other studies addressing juvenile trees, highlighting the use by Q. suber of varying adaptive strategies at different ontogenic stages
Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med
No full textOBJECTIVE: To provide guidelines for the anesthetic management of adults with congenital heart disease for non-cardiac surgery. DESIGN: A consensus committee of 16 experts was convened. A formal conflict-of-interest (COI) policy was developed at the beginning of the process and enforced throughout. The entire guidelines process was conducted independently of any industrial funding (i.e., pharmaceutical, medical devices). The authors were required to follow the rules of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE®) system to guide the assessment of the quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasized. METHODS: The committee studied 10 questions within 4 fields: preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management, postoperative care, and obstetrics. Each question was formulated in a PICO (Patients Intervention Comparison Outcome) format and evidence profiles were produced. The literature review and recommendations were made according to the GRADE® methodology. RESULTS: The experts' synthesis work and the application of the GRADE® method resulted in 11 expert opinions. Some of the questions did not find any response in the literature. After one round of scoring, a strong agreement was reached for all recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: There was strong agreement among experts for 10 recommendations to improve practices for the anesthetic management of adults with congenital heart disease for non-cardiac surgery
Proposition d’un outil d’aide à la décision pour favoriser le déploiement de l’industrie 4.0 dans le secteur textile
Get PDFCancer Epidemiol
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Over a half of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases are diagnosed in adults aged 65 years and older. Older adults are a heterogeneous group, and few studies reported differences in care management and survival in the oldest old. We aimed to describe characteristics, care management, and survival of older adults aged 60 and over included in the REal-world dAta in LYmphoma and Survival in Adults (REALYSA) study. MATERIALS: and methods: Patients newly diagnosed with DLBCL, aged over 60 years, included in REALYSA cohort between 2018/11 and 2021/12 and receiving therapy (RCHOP/miniRCHOP/Other) were included. Sociodemographic, living area and clinical characteristics, as well as the type of care center and pathway during the first year after diagnosis were described by age (60-69 y/70-79 y/≥80 y). Survival was described using Kaplan-Meier curves, the Cox model for adjusted survival, and net survival (Pohar-Perme estimator). RESULTS: A total of 560 DLBCL patients with a median age at diagnosis of 72 years (IQR=67-77) were included. R-CHOP was the main curative treatment in patients aged 60-79, and R-miniCHOP in the oldest old. More than half of the patients were male, married or in a relationship, living in urban and low deprived area. With increasing age, the proportion of patients with performance status 0-1 or no Charlson comorbidity at diagnosis decreased. Two thirds of patients were diagnosed at advanced stage with comparable trends between age groups. However, the oldest patients were more likely to have high-risk disease and geriatric frailty at diagnosis. One-year net survival, in contrast to OS (91 %vs 95 % and 75 % for each age group), showed no significant reduction in survival for 80 + (93 %, 100 % and 87 % for each age group). CONCLUSION: As the fastest-growing age group in developed countries, the oldest old require a special attention and further work on this population is needed
JAMA Neurol
Get PDFIMPORTANCE: Blood phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) showed good performance in predicting brain amyloidosis. However, the importance of detailed cognitive phenotyping in patients without dementia when interpreting p-tau217 results remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether accuracy, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) in predicting brain amyloidosis using p-tau217 varies across clinical presentations in patients without dementia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The study design included 2 observational, prospective cohort studies: The Cohort of Outpatients From French Research Memory Centers in Order to Improve Knowledge on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (MEMENTO), with enrollment from 2011 to 2014 and 5 years of follow-up, and the Biomarker of Amyloid Peptide and Alzheimer's Disease Risk (BALTAZAR) cohort study, with enrollment from 2010 to 2015 and 3 years of follow-up. Both are multicenter cohorts conducted in French memory clinics. Participants without dementia were included for analysis if they had baseline blood p-tau217 measurement and a known amyloid status through cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β (Aβ)-42/Aβ-40 ratio or positron emission tomography. They presented with either subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with a common Alzheimer disease (AD) phenotype (cAD-MCI: amnestic syndrome of hippocampal type, posterior cortical atrophy, or logopenic primary progressive aphasia), or MCI with uncommon AD or other phenotypes (uAD-MCI). Data were analyzed from May to September 2024. EXPOSURES: Blood p-tau217 concentrations. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Brain amyloidosis probabilities were derived from p-tau217 logistic regressions including age, gender, and APOE genotype. Published and internally developed cut points with 90% sensitivity and specificity were used. RESULTS: A total of 776 participants from the MEMENTO cohort (N = 2323 participants) and 193 participants from the BALTAZAR cohort (N = 1040) were included in this analysis. In the MEMENTO cohort (median [IQR] age, 71 [65-76] years; 444 female [57%]), brain amyloidosis prevalence was 16.5% (20 of 121) in SCI, 45.9% (78 of 170) in cAD-MCI, and 24.5% (119 of 485) in uAD-MCI. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting brain amyloidosis with p-tau217 models was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66-0.89), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86-0.95), and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.91) in the SCI, cAD-MCI, and uAD-MCI subgroups, respectively. External cut points resulted in a PPV of 60.0%, 90.0%, and 74.5% in the SCI, cAD-MCI, and uAD-MCI subgroups, respectively. NPV ranged from 84.2% to 90.2%. With internally developed cut points, PPVs were 52.6%, 84.0%, and 72.3% in the SCI, cAD-MCI, and uAD-MCI subgroups, respectively. NPVs were high (91.7%-94.6%) in all subgroups. Rates of incident dementia strongly increased with the probability of brain amyloidosis in the cAD-MCI subgroup. Replicated analyses in the BALTAZAR cohort provided similar results. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Results from 2 clinical cohorts suggest that amyloid prevalence varied across cognitive phenotypes and was associated with the diagnostic performance of blood p-tau217 models to determine brain amyloidosis. Comprehensive cognitive phenotyping beyond the basic characterization of SCI, MCI, or dementia should accompany the use of blood biomarkers in clinical practice to avoid misdiagnosis due to false positives
Apport des recherches sur le microbiote aux futures stratégies de biocontrôle - Résultats du projet VITAE
No full textCultivating the grapevine without pesticides : towards agroecological wine-producing socio-ecosystem