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Explainable Edge AI Framework for IoD-Assisted Aerial Surveillance in Extreme Scenarios
No full textDrones are sophisticated machines that can hover over extreme locations, conduct aerial surveillance, collect surveillance data, and disseminate it to the distributed edge for processing and analysis. The distributed edge deploys advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models to detect any unwarranted activity or object based on surveillance data. However, these lightweight and low-power unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may experience faults due to unprecedented workload when deployed in extreme surveillance domains. In this article, we have designed an AI framework to detect any safety concerns with drones deployed for aerial surveillance in extreme locations based on real-time drone critical parameters. We also propose a MapReduce-based object recognition and classification module to process large-scale images captured by drones efficiently. However, conventional AI systems behave like black box systems, leading to a lack of trust and transparency. Thus, we convert the traditional framework of AI into an explainable edge AI framework using Shapley additive explanations (SHAPs) that opens Pandora's black box. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework in detecting drone safety concerns through explainable health status tracking alongside ensuring an effective object detection mechanism.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council-CHEDDAR Project [EP/X040518/1, EP/Y037421/1]; Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation [ZR2023LZH017, ZR2022LZH015]; Key Laboratory of Ethnic Language Intelligent Analysis and Security Governance of MOE [202306]; Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) [2023ZD010]This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council-CHEDDAR Project under Grant EP/X040518/1 and Grant EP/Y037421/1; in part by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant ZR2023LZH017 and Grant ZR2022LZH015; in part by the Key Laboratory of Ethnic Language Intelligent Analysis and Security Governance of MOE under Grant 202306; and in part by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) under Grant 2023ZD010
An examination of middle school students' perceptions of kinetic art through application: A case study
No full textKinetik sanat, 1950'lerden sonra ortaya çıkan ve temelinde Konstrüktivizm ve Dadaizm'in etkilerini barındıran bir sanat akımıdır. Sanat yapıtlarında "hareketin" tasarım öğesi olarak kullanılması yaklaşımının benimsendiği kinetik sanatta, hareket eden veya izleyici tarafından hareket ediyormuş gibi görünen eserler ortaya konulmuştur. Geleneksel yaklaşımda genellikle durağan ve tek bir anı simgeleyen plastik sanatlar, kinetik sanatla birlikte farklı bir anlam kazanmış ve özellikle üç boyutlu yapıtlar konusunda ortaya konulan önemli eserlerle birlikte, sanat tarihinin önemli akımlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte kinetik sanat, içerisinde fizik, mühendislik, mekanik gibi pek çok alanı barındırması bakımından da önemli ve disiplinlerarası bir akımdır. Bireylerin bilgiyi daha iyi kavraması ve bütünleştirmesi için okullarda verilen eğitimde farklı disiplinlerin bir araya getirilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu açıdan görsel sanatlar dersi, öğrencinin her yönden gelişmesini amaçlayan önemli bir derstir. Fizik, kimya, biyoloji gibi pek çok alanla rahatlıkla entegre edilebilecek olan görsel sanatlar dersi, eğitimin niteliğini arttırmada önemli bir araçtır. Bunun en güzel örneklerinden biri kinetik sanat akımdır. Görsel sanatlar dersi kapsamında uygulamalı olarak işlenebilecek olan kinetik sanat çalışmalarıyla, öğrencilerin fen derslerinde işlenen, ağırlıklar, kuvvetler, denge gibi konuları daha iyi kavramaları sağlanabilir. Bu ve benzeri örneklerden de anlaşılabileceği üzere görsel sanatlar dersinin eğitim-öğretim süreçlerine sağlayabileceği katkılar sayılamayacak kadar fazladır. Ancak eğitim kurumlarında hem ders saatlerinin yetersiz olması hem de fiziki koşullar nedeniyle verimli işlenemeyen görsel sanatlar derslerinde, kinetik sanat gibi uygulaması "meşakkatli" olabilecek konular göz ardı edilebilmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu araştırmada sanat tarihinin önemli akımlarından biri olan kinetik sanat akımı konusunda görsel sanatlar dersinde işlenebilecek uygulamaların geliştirilmesi ve bu uygulamalara katılan öğrencilerin kinetik sanata karşı olan algılarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan durum çalışması modeli uygulanarak Bartın'da bulunan bir ortaokulda yürütülecektir. Çalışma grubunu, ilgili okulun ortaokul düzeyindeki 6. veya 7. sınıf seviyelerindeki öğrencilerinin oluşturması planlanan araştırmanın uygulama kısmı haftada bir saat olmak üzere dört hafta boyunca gerçekleştirilecektir. Araştırmada veriler gözlem ve görüşme yöntemleriyle toplanacak ve betimsel analiz yöntemi ile çözümlenecektir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre görsel sanatlar dersi özelinde ne gibi değişiklikler yapılabileceğine dair öneriler sunulacaktır.Kinetic art is an art movement that emerged after the 1950s and contains the effects of Constructivism and Dadaism. In kinetic art, in which the approach of using "movement" as a design element in works of art is adopted, works that move or appear to be moving by the viewer are revealed. Plastic arts, which usually symbolize a static and single moment in the traditional approach, gained a different meaning with kinetic art and became one of the important movements in the history of art, especially with the important works on three-dimensional works. However, kinetic art is an important and interdisciplinary movement in that it contains many fields such as physics, engineering and mechanics. It is very important to bring different disciplines together in the education given in schools so that individuals can better comprehend and integrate knowledge. In this respect, the visual arts course is an important course that aims to develop the student in all aspects. Visual arts course, which can be easily integrated with many fields such as physics, chemistry and biology, is an important tool in increasing the quality of education. One of the best examples of this is the kinetic art movement. With the kinetic art works that can be practiced within the scope of the visual arts course, students can better understand the subjects such as weights, forces and balance, which are taught in science lessons. As it can be understood from these and similar examples, the contributions that the visual arts course can provide to the education-teaching processes are innumerable. However, subjects such as kinetic art, which can be difficult to apply, can be ignored in visual arts classes that cannot be taught efficiently due to insufficient course hours and physical conditions in educational institutions. From this point of view, in this research, it is aimed to develop applications that can be taught in the visual arts lesson about the kinetic art movement, which is one of the important movements in the history of art, and to evaluate the perceptions of the students participating in these applications towards kinetic art. In this context, this research will be carried out in a secondary school in Bartın by applying the case study model, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The application part of the research, which is planned to be composed of the 6th or 7th grade students at the secondary school level of the relevant school, will be carried out for four weeks, one hour a week. In the research, data will be collected by observation and interview methods and analyzed by content analysis method. According to the results of the research, suggestions will be made about what changes can be made in the visual arts course
Accelerating weathering and thermal regulation performance of window frame applied with microencapsulated phase change thermochromic pigment coated wood material
No full textThis study examines the impact of phase-change thermochromic (TC) coatings on the durability, color stability, and thermal regulation of poplar wood, focusing on potential applications in energy-efficient buildings. By applying accelerated weathering tests, the study assessed how TC pigments (red or yellow) at varying concentrations affect wood properties. The results showed that TC-treated wood undergoes significant color shifts depending on pigment concentration and temperature. For instance, at 25 degrees C, the color change (Delta E*) reached 71.07 for red-20 samples and 68.30 for yellow-20, with increased lightness (L*) at higher temperatures. Unlike untreated samples, TC-coated wood exhibited a whitening tendency as temperatures rose to 38 degrees C and 50 degrees C, suggesting a promising thermal regulation capability. Accelerated weathering tests revealed that TC-treated wood experienced greater color changes than control samples, though varnish coating helped reduce discoloration. Notably, thermal regulation tests demonstrated that TC-treated wood helps maintain cooler indoor temperatures during hot conditions and warmer temperatures in cold conditions, highlighting potential energy efficiency in building environments. This study provides a foundation for utilizing thermochromic materials in construction, offering insights into their weathering and thermal performance. Future studies should focus on optimizing TC formulations and assessing durability in real-world settings
Enhancing performances of natural zeolite-compounded thermoplastic polyurethane eco-composites through interfacial engineering
No full textIn this work, the surface of natural zeolite (Zeo) was modified via four different silane coupling agents containing epoxy, octyl, amino, and triamine functional groups to enhance surface interactions between thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix and Zeo phases. The chemical compositions and functionalities of silane coatings on Zeo surfaces were confirmed by EDX and FTIR spectroscopy. Additionally, contact angle measurements were conducted in terms of surface hydrophobicity for pristine and silane-coated Zeo powders. The melt-blending and injection-molding processes were utilized to fabricate TPU/Zeo composite samples. Mechanical tests revealed that Zeo inclusions led to an increase in tensile strength and hardness values of the polymeric matrix while its flexibility stayed constant. The triamine-silane-modified Zeo yielded the best mechanical performance. The addition of modified Zeo shifted the decomposition temperature of TPU to higher values according to the TGA study. Regardless of modification type, Zeo inclusions improved the thermal stability of unfilled TPU. Modified Zeo-containing composites exhibited lower MFI values than neat Zeo-loaded samples. SEM micrographs of composite surfaces visualized that silane-modified Zeo surfaces were covered by polymer phase which confirmed their enhanced interfacial adhesion to TPU matrix. Silane modifiers comprising amine and epoxy groups improved the properties of Zeo-filled TPU composites significantly. Because of the strong interfacial interactions between the epoxy functional group and the isocyanate segment of TPU, epoxy-based silane displayed the greatest performance levels regarding examined behaviors of composites.Karabuk Universitesi Coordinatorship of Research Projects [KBUBAP-21-ABP-057]The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors declare that this research work is supported by the Karabuk Universitesi Coordinatorship of Research Projects with the project number KBUBAP-21-ABP-057
BODRUM MANDALİNA KABUĞU ESANSİYEL YAĞININ FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KİMYASAL BİLEŞİMİ
No full textThe tangerine fruit, which has been used throughout history in Chinese culture and herbal health practices, produces a fresh, vibrant, citrus-sweet scented essential oil. The Bodrum tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco var. Mandarin), a citrus fruit cultivated in Turkey's Aegean region, is highly appreciated for its unique aroma. In this study, the physicochemical properties—such as density, refractive index, optical rotation, boiling point, and flash point—of the essential oil obtained from Bodrum tangerine peels, as well as its volatile oil components, were determined. A total of 11 volatile components, representing 96.86% of the total essential oil, were identified. The main components were found to be limonene (66.61%) and ?-terpinene (17.46%). The microbiological quality of the essential oil was evaluated by determining the total bacterial count (maximum 20/g), yeast (negative/10g), mold (negative/10g), E. coli and coliform bacteria (negative/50g), lactic and acetic acid bacteria (negative/10g), and bacterial spores (maximum 10/g). When the results were compared with the European Pharmacopoeia 01/2008:2355 standard values, it was found that the essential oil of Bodrum tangerine complies with these standards.Tarih boyunca Çin kültüründe ve bitkisel sağlık uygulamalarında kullanılan mandalina meyvesi, taze, canlı, narenciye-tatlı kokulu bir esansiyel yağ üretir. Bodrum mandalinası (Citrus reticulata Blanco var. Mandarin), Türkiye'nin Ege bölgesinde yetişen ve kendine has aromasıyla çok sevilen bir turunçgil meyvesidir. Bu çalışmada Bodrum mandalinası kabuklarından elde edilen esansiyel yağın yoğunluk, refraktif indeks, optik dönüş, kaynama noktası ve alevlenme noktası gibi fizikokimyasal özellikleri ve uçucu yağ bileşenleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen toplam esansiyel yağın %96.86'sını temsil eden 11 uçucu bileşen tanımlanmıştır. Ana bileşenlerin limonen (66.61), ?-terpinen (17.46) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Esansiyel yağın mikrobiyolojik kalitesi, toplam bakteri sayısı (maksimum 20/g), maya (negatif/10g), küf (negatif/10g), E. coli ve koliform bakteriler (negatif/50g), laktik ve asetik asit bakterileri (negatif/10g) ile bakteri sporu (maksimum 10/g) sayıları belirlenerek değerlendirildi. Bulgular, Avrupa farmakopesi 01/2008:2355 standart değerleri ile karşılaştırıldığında Bodrum mandalinası esansiyel yağının bu standartlara uygun olduğunu göstermektedir
Properties of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) containing microencapsulated phase change material (PCM)
No full text3D printing of cementitious materials is a novel approach to fabricating structural components with many applications, including rapid structural recovery in remote areas since it can function almost autonomously. However, since the newly built components are instantly exposed to the outside environment, their thermal properties can have major impact on their energy efficiency and the long-term operating costs for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. To address this challenge, and for the first time, this study combines an outdoor thermal monitoring system with a detailed material performance evaluation for 3D printed concrete (3DPC) containing melamine–formaldehyde-based phase change materials (PCMs). To uncover the impact of PCMs in 3DPC sections, a series of standardized and advanced tests, including nano-indentation, µCT scanning, SEM, and thermal efficiency measurements, were performed. Results show that the inclusion of PCM increased total porosity from 14.44 % to 21.49 % and water absorption from 8.57 % to 11.20 %. Surface hardness decreased from 1296.11 MPa to 764.58 MPa, accompanied by a higher variability (standard deviation rising from 256.60 MPa to 414.55 MPa) for PCM-containing samples, as compared to the reference 3DPC samples. The addition of PCMs also reduced thermal conductivity by ?10%, while it also remained stable after 100 cycles of freeze-thawing. The results of the study are found to be significant and contribute to the development of energy-efficient and resilient materials. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Effects of porosity and domain size on the thermal behavior of PCM melting embedded in Kelvin cell metal foam
No full textThe low thermal conductivity of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) limits their use in thermal energy storage systems. Embedding PCMs within metal foams is an effective method to improve their thermal conductivity and energy storage capacity by creating a fast energy-absorbing zone with low thermal resistance. This study presents a pore-scale numerical analysis of the melting behavior of PCM embedded in Kelvin cell-structured aluminum foams. Three cubic domains of different sizes (small: 25.4 mm, medium: 50.8 mm, and large: 101.6 mm) were analyzed, along with four porosity levels (s = 0.875, 0.914, 0.930, and 0.956), at a constant Cell Per Length (CPL = 6). The enthalpy-porosity method was used to simulate the phase change process. Results show that lower porosity improves heat conduction and leads to faster melting. For instance, at s = 0.875, the melting time was almost 50 % shorter compared to s = 0.956. As porosity increases, the complete melting time becomes approximately 2.24 times longer. When the domain size increases from small to large, the complete melting duration increases by about 10 times. It was also observed that as domain size increases, heat transfer shifts from being conduction-dominated to convection-dominated. Lower porosity promotes a more uniform temperature distribution and faster phase change, while higher porosity increases the influence of natural convection and creates non-uniform melting fronts.National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) [PE0000021]; European Union [CUP C39J24001340008]This research was funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) , Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3, grant No. PE0000021-Network 4 Energy Sustainable Transition-NEST, Spoke 6, ENERTERM-UniCampania-Funded by European Union - Next Gen-eration EU, CUP C39J24001340008
Driving innovation from within: the role of a supportive workplace in fostering managerial innovation in Turkey's export-oriented machinery sector
No full textInnovation enables businesses to stay ahead of their competitors by offering unique and superior products, services, or processes. It allows companies to differentiate themselves and attract customers, ultimately leading to a competitive advantage in the market. This research investigates the impact of management innovation and a supportive innovative workplace climate on middle-level managers' innovative behaviour by considering the mediating role of strategic innovation orientation. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 300 middle-level managers working in companies within the machinery industry. The research findings indicate that management innovation and the supportive innovative workplace climate enhance the strategic innovation orientation, which in turn improves middle-level managers' innovative behaviours. These findings hold substantial importance for organisations seeking to enhance their innovative capabilities, create a more engaging and productive work environment, and gain a competitive edge in the market. Moreover, these results provide valuable guidance for future research and can inform strategic decision-making at both organisational and policy levels
Perception of Coronavirus in Children Through the Interpretation of Metaphors
No full textThe purpose of this study is to determine the perception of coronavirus in children between the ages of 7-18 through the interpretation of metaphors. This qualitative study was conducted with a total of 34 children between the ages of 7-18 years The metaphors obtained from the content analysis were categorized into two main themes and sub-themes. The main themes were categorized as barrier at COVID-19 and fear at coronavirus as fear. The most striking metaphors in the study, such as death, deadly, disease, scary, germ, snake venom, black hole, darkness, gun, lead, were the metaphors in the Deadly category, which were revealed by children. In unexpected situations, it is beneficial for parents and health care professionals to establish clear, open, and reassuring communication with their children
Beyond the principal's shadow: Exploring the leadership roles of deputy principals in promoting teacher professional learning in Turkish schools
No full textThis study aimed to explore the leadership roles of deputy principals in promoting teacher professional learning in Turkish lower secondary schools. Utilising a qualitative research approach, data were gathered from 10 deputy principals via semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings suggest that deputy principals enhance teacher professional learning by identifying teachers' professional needs, providing personalised technological support, offering emotional and professional encouragement, providing resources and support, demonstrating best practices, and encouraging reflective practices. Deputy principals also play an important role in fostering collaborative relationships among teachers and engaging with the broader school community, creating a supportive environment conducive to professional learning. We discuss implications for policy and practice