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Bel canto sangonderrigbeginsels met spesiale verwysing na die begrip appoggio – ?n tweedelige ondersoek in die pedagogiek van Werner Nel (Artikel 1)
Full text linkOpsomming
Gedurende sy vaste ampstermyn (1974–2010) as sangdosent by die Skool vir Musiek van die Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christelike Hoër Onderwys – sedert 2004 bekend as die Noordwes-Universiteit (Potchefstroomkampus) – is Werner Nel verantwoordelik vir die tegniese ontwikkeling wat sangstudente sou benodig om vokale kunsmusiek in die Europese tradisie uit te voer. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die stemtegniese beginsels wat Nel gebruik het om sy studente op te lei, met spesiale verwysing na die sentrale en kennelik moeilike begrip appoggio. Laasgenoemde is ?n kernbelangrike stemtegniese en -estetiese ideaal van die bel canto sangtegniek en dit word gevolglik in hierdie artikel as vertrekpunt gebruik om Nel se onderrigmetodes, onderrigbeginsels of opvoedkundige benadering rakende effektiewe asemhaling vir esteties bevredigende klankproduksie in oënskou te neem. Die metodes van data-insameling vir hierdie enkele, beskrywende gevallestudie sluit beide ?n tradisionele en sistematiese literatuuroorsig van die bel canto sangtegniek in, sommige van Nel se handgeskrewe en getikte dokumente, asook semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met Nel en geselekteerde deelnemers wat by hom gestudeer het en wat huidig professioneel werk as sangers en pedagoë.
Abstract
During his fixed tenure (1974–2010) as singing lecturer at the School for Music of the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education – known as the North-West University (Potchefstroom campus) since 2004 – Werner Nel was responsible for the technical development that singing students would need to perform vocal art music in the European tradition. This article investigates the voice-technical principles that Nel used to teach his students, with special reference to the fundamental and admittedly difficult concept appoggio. The latter is a voice-technical and aesthetic ideal of core importance for the bel canto singing technique and accordingly it is used in this article as a point of departure to examine Nel’s teaching methods, teaching principles or educational approach concerning effective breathing for aesthetically pleasing sound production. The methods of data collection for this single, descriptive case study includes both a traditional and systematic literature overview of the bel canto singing technique, some of Nel’s handwritten and typed documents, as well as semi-structured interviews with Nel and selected participants who studied with him and who currently work professionally as singers and pedagogues.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.86.1.251
Kuyperania 2020
Full text linkThis article looks at new works published in 2020 by or about the Dutch polymath Abraham Kuyper (1837-1920).
Hierdie artikel kyk na nuwe werk gepubliseer in 2020 deur of oor die Nederlandse polimaat Abraham Kuyper (1837-1920).
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.86.1.250
A hermeneutic of vulnerability: Difficult empathy in response to moral injury within whiteness
Full text linkThe purpose of this essay is to expose reader vulnerability by unmasking what is hidden in the reading of a (biblical) text. The working hypothesis is as follows: The mythical norm of reading the biblical text masks the issue of race in biblical hermeneutics in assuming white innocence and hiding a moral injury caused by the imperial agenda of modernity. A hermeneutics of vulnerability is suggested in order to acknowledge the moral injury that the racial implications of the imperial agenda of modernity caused and is still causing. The moral injury is mitigated by a process of difficult or unsettling empathy engendered by a hermeneutic of vulnerability. The arguments are set up as follows: the first section endeavours to figure out what lies behind the projection or construction of white innocence associated with the mythical norm (given the preponderance of race in current discourse in South Africa and the USA). The second section deals with the way a hermeneutic of vulnerability can enable a reader to credibly respond from a position of whiteness to, for example, the pressures from the decolonial turn in the discourse on race, asking what it means to be vulnerable and how one accounts for vulnerability. The third section embroiders on the consequences of accepting and revealing vulnerability, namely to show empathy and more specifically an uneasy or difficult empathy in a racially tense society.
Opsomming
Die doel van hierdie opstel is om die weerloosheid van die leser bloot te lê deur dit wat verborge is in die lees van \u27n (Bybelse) teks, te ontmasker. Die werkshipotese is soos volg: Die mitiese norm van die lees van die Bybelse teks verbloem die kwessie van ras in die Bybelse hermeneutiek deur die aanname van wit onskuld en die verdoeseling van \u27n etiese wond wat veroorsaak is deur die koloniale agenda van moderniteit. \u27n Hermeneutiek van weerloosheid word voorgestel om dié morele wond raak te sien in terme van rassisme wat deur die koloniale agenda van moderniteit veroorsaak word en nog steeds veroorsaak. Die etiese letsel word egter versag deur \u27n proses van moeilike of ontsetelende empatie wat deur \u27n hermeneutiese kwesbaarheid veroorsaak word. Die argumente word soos volg opgestel: die eerste afdeling poog om uit te vind wat agter konstruksie van witwees se onskuld lê ten opsigte van die mitiese norm van uitleg (gegewe die oorwig van ras in die huidige diskoers in Suid-Afrika en die VSA). Die tweede afdeling handel oor die manier waarop \u27n hermeneutiek van weerloosheid \u27n leser in staat kan stel om geloofwaardig vanuit \u27n posisie van witwees te reageer op, byvoorbeeld, die druk van die dekoloniale wending in die diskoers oor ras deur te vra wat dit beteken om kwesbaar te wees en hoe neem \u27n mens met kwesbaarheid rekening hou. Die derde afdeling verduidelik wat die gevolge is wanneer weerloosheid aanvaar en erken word, naamlik om empatie en meer spesifiek \u27n ongemaklike of moeilike empatie in rassespanning te toon.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.86.1.250
Criticalities of Non-Verbal Reading Competencies: An Afrocentric Ethnological Approach to Qualitative Research
Full text linkBody contact and body language reading are unique and existential and, although culturally dependent and socially embodied, they are critical ethno-specific communication forms confined within contextual geo-spaces. The interactive narratives of ethno-specific, non-verbal communication in my qualitative research approach were facilitated using e-mails, web blogs and thread observations generated by senior research leaders who shared their views on appropriate Afro ethno-specific qualitative data collection methodologies. Afro ethno-specific qualitative data collection methodology needs a new narrative that focuses on creating Afrocentric research practices and data collection instruments that are validated for African contexts. Research findings indicate that non-verbal reading competencies that take cognizance of the application of the 3 Cs of non-verbal communication; context, clusters and congruence that are group and Afro-ethno specific were often ignored by researchers in South Africa. The article argues that the application of Afro-ethno specific non-verbal reading competencies, knowledges and skills is critical for it takes into cognizance people’s ethnic origin, culture, identity, race, nationality, norms, values, religion or belief systems.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.86.1.248
Abraham Kuyper’s view of the natural sciences
Full text linkThis paper examines Kuyper’s view of the natural sciences. For Kuyper science is by design a unique creature of God, it flourishes within society, it grows and develops. It is part of creation, so even if there were to have been no fall, we would still have science. The fall, however, has impacted on science to an unimaginable extent. Science is independent of both church and state, thus science must be allowed to flourish unhampered by both. Science, for Kuyper, involves thinking God’s thoughts after him. There are two kinds of science and two kinds of people: normalists and abnormalists – what makes the difference is regeneration or palingenesis – this is Kuyper’s antithesis. Common grace is important for science without it the post-fall decline of science would be absolute. Strands of scholasticism are identified in Kuyper’s approach.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.86.1.249
Richard Rohr, Mysticism and Neoplatonism
Full text linkThis paper explores key themes and doctrines in the writings of popular Franciscan priest Richard Rohr. It examines and evaluates Rohr’s incarnational worldview. It argues that Rohr’s mysticism must be understood in the light of pagan Neoplatonism. Rohr follows Plotinus, the founder of Neoplatonism by asserting that God lives in the deepest part of every human being whereas the New Testament teaches that God lives in every person who welcomes Him. God dwells in people by His Holy Spirit when they repent and believe the good news of Jesus’ death and resurrection.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.86.1.2498
“Dit is meer ?n ge-juggle met jou spiere”: Insigte oor die begrip appoggio vanuit kwalitatiewe onderhoude met Werner Nel en sy voormalige studente (Deel 2)
Full text linkOpsomming
Die vorige artikel in hierdie tweedelige bespreking van Werner Nel se pedagogiek as sangonderwyser het daarop gefokus om ?n agtergrond en oorsig van die bel canto sangtegniek te bied, spesifiek soos dit te make het met die begrip appoggio. Die eerste artikel het hoofsaaklik metodologiese kwessies van die huidige studie uiteengesit en en ?n oorsig van internasionaal-gepubliseerde literatuur oor bel canto en appoggio saamgevat. Hierdie tweede artikel lewer verslag oor en bespreek die kwalitatiewe onderhoude wat met Werner Nel en sy studente gevoer is oor bel canto en appoggio. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie dui daarop dat Nel se benadering tot appoggio (en die bedoelde asemhalingstegnieke vir esteties bevredigende klankproduksie) grootliks ooreengestem het met besprekings daarvan in die relevante vakliteratuur. Die artikel sluit af met enkele gedagtes rondom die sosiokulturele belang en betekenis van hierdie ooreenstemming tussen Nel se sangonderrigbeginsels, sy studente se metode van opera sing en die tersaaklike vakliteratuur.
“It is more about the juggling of your muscles”: Insights regarding the concept of appoggio as derived from qualitative interviews with Werner Nel and his former students (Article 2)Abstract
The previous article in this two-part discussion of Werner Nel’s pedagogy as a singing teacher focused on presenting background and an overview of the bel canto singing technique, specifically as relates to the concept of appoggio. Its main ambit was to outline the methodology used for this study and to give an overview of the literature published internationally on bel canto and appoggio. This second article reports on and discusses the qualitative interviews conducted with Werner Nel and his students concerning bel canto and appoggio. The findings of this study indicate that Nel’s approach to appoggio (and the intended breathing techniques for aesthetically pleasing sound production) largely correlated with discussions of appoggio in the relevant subject literature. The article concludes with some thoughts concerning the sociocultural importance and meaning of this correlation between Nel’s principles for teaching singing, his students’ method for singing opera and the relevant subject literature.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.86.1.251
Kerkorde en Leer en Aktuele Sake: NG Kerkorde Artikel 56 in Perspektief
Full text linkIn 1982 at the General Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church of that year, a new article 56 was added to its church order. This article stipulated that the church, through its assemblies and other work, strives to stimulate views in church and society that depart from Scripture. The Dutch Reformed Church wants to see such an approach in doctrinal, current and ethical affairs. The Dutch Reformed Church is part of the South and Southern African society and wants to influence these affairs to be handled according to the Bible. The same Synod referred to the Bible as a God-given document which sheds light on life as a whole and has an in-principle influence on the whole of society and the total existence of every believer.In approaching this calling and task, the Dutch Reformed Church opted to do it in an ecclesiastical way. It believes that creation as a whole is a unity in which everything can have an effect on any other thing. Every matter in society and creation can develop an ecclesiastical aspect for the church to act on in an ecclesiastical way. This article shows examples of this in the Dutch Reformed Church.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.85.1.248
Book Review: Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet
Full text linkOriginally published as Nietzsche, il ribelle aristocratico. Biografia intellettuale e bilancio critic. Torino, Bollati Boringhieri, 2002.
German edition, Nietzsche, der aristokratische Rebell. Berlin, Argument Verlag, 2009.https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.85.1.249
„…Glaubensgerechtigkeit“ Calvins Begründung der Reformation
Full text link“… Justification by faith”Calvin’s grounds for the Reformation
In 1539, at the young age of 30, Calvin wrote a letter to Cardinal Jacopo Sadoleto, an eminent scholar and proponent of the Roman Church, in answer to the latter’s letter earlier that year to Geneva. This answer of Calvin, as requested urgently by the City of Geneva, is very well-known for the way how Calvin refuted Sadoleto’s arguments against the Reformation and thus took up the cudgels for the very city that banned him only a year before. This Calvin did by justifying the quintessence of and necessity for the Reformation. Since then, this text has not only been known as one of the most famous defences of the principles of the Reformation of the six-teenth century but even has been described as probably the most powerful and sys-tematic successful apologetic Reformation writing of that age as such. In this article, Calvin’s analysis of the core of the Reformation is discussed against the background of his relation to Martin Luther and their appreciation for each other. According to Calvin the “heart” of the Reformation was justification by grace alone. Ultimately it is only a matter of faith in Christ alone. For his explanation of justification by grace and faith alone, Calvin refers consistently to Scripture as the Word of God. In this Chris-tological approach – for which Luther according to a witness expressed his apprecia-tion – Calvin and Luther are very close to each other indeed.
“… regverdigmaking deur die geloof”Calvyn se begronding van die ReformasieOpsommingOp die jong ouderdom van 30 skryf Calvyn in 1539 ’n brief aan Kardinaal Jacopo Sadoletus, beroemde geleerde en verteenwoordiger van die Roomse Kerk. Hierdie brief van Calvyn wat hy op die dringende smeekversoek van die stadsraad van Genève geskryf het, het hom baie roem laat inoes. Calvyn weerlê met hierdie skrywe Sadoletus se aanklagte teen die Reformasie en tree daarmee in die bresse vir die stad wat hom die jaar vantevore verban het. Daarby begrond hy die kern van die Reformasie en die noodsaak daarvoor. Sedertdien staan hierdie brief nie slegs bekend as een van die mees befaamde apologetiese geskrifte van die Reformasie nie maar is dit selfs beskryf as die mees kragtige en teologies suksesvolle verdediging daarvan in die sestiende eeu. In hierdie artikel word Calvyn se verklaring van die kern van die Reformasie bespreek teen die agtergrond van sy verhouding met Martin Luther en beide van hulle se respek vir mekaar. Volgens Calvyn is die hart van die Reformasie die regverdigmaking deur genade alleen. Dit gaan ten volle oor geloof in Christus alleen. Vir sy verklaring van die regverdigmaking deur genade en geloof alleen beroep Calvyn hom konsekwent op die Skrif as Woord van God. In hierdie Christologiese benadering – waarvoor Luther volgens ’n getuie waardering uitgespreek het – staan Calvyn en Luther dig bymekaar.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.85.1.250