HAL-Inserm
Not a member yet
90480 research outputs found
Sort by
The arterial stiffness and pulse pressure are predictors of intraocular pressure in a middle-aged population
No full textInternational audienceThe vascular theory posits that glaucoma is associated to ocular blood flow alterations. However, there is uncertainty regarding the association of arterial stiffness index (ASI) and pulse pressure (PP) to intraocular pressure (IOP). This study investigates the relationship between ASI and PP, and IOP, using the UK Biobank population. Among 89,930 participants of the UK Biobank population, ASI and PP were assessed, and their correlations with IOP were estimated using multiple linear and logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, dyslipidemia, mean blood pressure, heart rate, tobacco smoking status, previous CV diseases and antihypertensive therapy. Youden indices were determined for ASI at a value of 9.41 m/s and for PP at 49.18 mmHg to determine IOP > 21mmHg. After adjustment for all covariates, ASI > 9.41 m/s was significantly correlated with IOP levels, B = 0.054 [0.031; 0.076] and with IOP > 21 mmHg, OR = 1.057 [1.004-1.113]. PP > 49.18 mmHg was significantly associated with IOP levels, B = 0.378 [0.345; 0.401] and with IOP > 21 mmHg, OR = 1.558 [1.474-1.648]. Similar results were observed when considering ASI and PP at continuous levels. When considering participants with IOP < 21 mmHg (N = 83,079), ASI > 9.41 m/s and PP > 49.18 mmHg were significantly associated with IOP levels, B = 0.015 [0.008; 0.021], B = 0.286 [0.266; 0.306], respectively. We demonstrated that increased ASI and PP levels are associated with increased IOP. These findings provide new insight into the vascular theory between IOP and ASI
Sparse factor analysis for categorical data with the group-sparse generalized singular value decomposition
No full textInternational audienceCorrespondence analysis, multiple correspondence analysis, and their discriminant counterparts (i.e., discriminant simple correspondence analysis and discriminant multiple correspondence analysis) are methods of choice for analyzing multivariate categorical data. In these methods, variables are integrated into optimal components computed as linear combinations whose weights are obtained from a generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) that integrates specific metric constraints on the rows and columns of the original data matrix. The weights of the linear combinations are, in turn, used to interpret the components, and this interpretation is facilitated when components are 1) pairwise orthogonal and 2) when the values of the weights are either large or small but not intermediate—a configuration called a simple or a sparse structure. To obtain such simple configurations, the optimization problem solved by the GSVD is extended to include new constraints that implement component orthogonality and sparse weights. Because multiple correspondence analysis represents qualitative variables by a set of binary columns in the data matrix, an additional group constraint is added to the optimization problem in order to sparsify the whole set of columns representing one qualitative variable. This method—called group-sparse GSVD (gsGSVD)—integrates these constraints in a new algorithm via an iterative projection scheme onto the intersection of subspaces where each subspace implements a specific constraint. This algorithm is described in details, and we show how it can be adapted to the sparsification of simple and multiple correspondence analysis (as well as their barycentric discriminant analysis versions). This algorithm is illustrated with the analysis of four different data sets—each illustrating the sparsification of a particular CA-based method
A passive environmental DNA sampler for aquatic biodiversity detection tested in marine mesocosms
No full textInternational audienceIn aquatic ecosystems, environmental DNA (eDNA) can be collected from water samples to produce species inventories. One method for this is passive eDNA sampling, whose development for aquatic biodiversity monitoring is in its early stages. While several materials have been successfully tested for passive eDNA samplers (PEDS), methodological advances are still needed to explore their versatility as a complement to the more common method of active filtration. This study tested for the first time a PEDS using human‐crafted material in controlled marine mesocosms (1 m3) containing one species, the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in different conditions of fish density (1, 5, 10, 100 fish per m3) and exposure times (30 min, 2 h, 8 h, 24 h). We then tested the influence of another source of eDNA on the sampler's performance by introducing another species, the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas). In addition, we compared the efficacy of the method with active filtration. The PEDS we produced consisted of a small electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane encapsulated in a custom‐made 3D‐printed frame. Each sampler is low‐cost, easy to manipulate, highly replicable, and customizable. A specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction‐based assay for the seabass was developed. Results were analyzed with multiscale occupancy modeling and continuous response variable modeling. We found that the PAN‐PEDS efficiently collected eDNA in a large volume (1 m3) of renewed water (1 m3/h), with a clear positive effect of high fish density on fish detection. The introduction of oysters did not significantly influence detection. Regarding exposure times, a range of results were obtained that could be attributed to the unreached equilibrium between eDNA shedding and degradation. While active eDNA collection (30 L) outperformed PAN‐PEDS, the ongoing development of passive methods can provide new insights in aquatic species monitoring when spatio‐temporal eDNA collection is required
L'augmentation locale du Ca2+ dépendante de l'influx régule l'activation de la myosine II et de la myosine VI pour favoriser la rupture de la vacuole contenant Shigella
No full textInternational audienceShigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells to colonize the intestinal mucosa. During Shigella invasion, an actin coat forms around the bacteria containing vacuole, preceding vacuolar rupture and bacterial escape and replication in the cell cytosol. While critical for virulence and the subsequent bacterial infection steps, the process by which Shigella ruptures the phagocytic vacuole is poorly understood. Recent studies point to a role of trafficking, including sorting and recycling pathways in vacuolar rupture, but how these promote vacuolar rupture remains unclear. We show here that rupture of the Shigella vacuole requires Ca2+ influx and is associated with long lasting local Ca2+ increases. Influx-dependent Ca2+ increase up-regulated the formation of the actin coat associated with bacterial vacuoles, suggesting a role for this structure and actin components in vacuolar rupture. Consistently, we found that myosin II and myosin VI were involved in rupture of the Shigella vacuole in a Ca2+-dependent albeit differential manner. We found that phospho-activated myosin II associates with actin filaments in membrane ruffles distant from the bacterial vacuole. In contrast, local Ca2+ increases triggered the recruitment and formation of myosin VI patches contacting the vacuole. Inhibition of myosin VI led to an increased mobility of the bacterial vacuole associated with a delay in vacuolar rupture. The findings suggest that rupture of the Shigella-containing vacuole requires Ca2+ dependent pulling forces exerted by distal myosin II combined with the tethering of the vacuole in the actin cortex by myosin VI
Oropharyngeal ultrafast ultrasound measurements in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients do not identify post-extubation stridor
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Post-extubation stridor is a common complication of endotracheal intubation in ICU. This study aimed to assess whether a series of pre-extubation upper airway ultrasound measurements using shear wave elastography (SWE) could help in detecting post-extubation stridor. Methods A prospective observational study (NCT05611437) was conducted between 2022 and 2024, which consecutively included 150 adults ICU patients intubated for more than 24 h, without prior surgical or neurological upper airway disease nor swallowing disorders. SWE measurements were performed in the 24 h before extubation. The occurrence of post-extubation stridor, dysphonia and swallowing disorders were assessed within 72 h. Results 125 participants were included in the final analysis. A total of 2,625 ultrasound images were obtained, with 81% deemed interpretable. Post-extubation stridor occurred in 9% of patients and was independently associated with sepsis at admission (OR 8.98; 95%CI 1.3–62.1). No differences were observed between upper airway ultrasound in patients with or without stridor. Stridor was associated with higher rates of dysphonia (82% vs. 23%), swallowing disorders (36% vs. 11%), and extubation failure (46% vs. 10%). Swallowing disorders were independently associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.04–1.17). Dysphonia was associated with female sex (OR 3.23; 95%CI 1.24–8.37), sternothyroid muscle stiffness (OR 1.11; 95%CI 1.04–1.18), and days of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.09; 95%CI 1.02–1.15). Conclusion Oropharyngeal SWE is feasible in critically ill patients before extubation, but was not predictive of post-extubation stridor. Further studies are needed to explore its role in predicting post-extubation upper airway complications
So Much More Than That: Enhancing the Rehumanization Effect of Multiple Categorization on People With Alcohol Use Disorder
No full textInternational audienceMultiple categorization (MC) occurs when individuals are described using several different social categories. MC has been shown to be an effective strategy for combating public stigma and improving social judgments. However, the conditions that optimize its effectiveness remain insufficiently understood. To address the severe public stigma of alcohol use disorder (AUD), this study investigated the moderating impact of the social categories used in MC, by manipulating first the number (Pre‐registered Study 1), and then the valence (Pre‐registered Study 2) of these categories. Results of Pre‐registered Study 1 indicate that the benefits of MC begin to emerge with the inclusion of three categories, including the stigmatized one. These benefits are further enhanced when a total of five categories are included, whereas adding additional categories does not yield further advantages. Results of Pre‐registered Study 2 indicate that even negatively valenced categories can improve the way people form impressions of individuals with AUD. More generally, the valence of the categories influenced the magnitude of the effect. From a theoretical perspective, these findings demonstrate the benefits of multiple categorization in humanizing individuals and reducing stigma. Additionally, they highlight that the characteristics of the selected categories can influence the magnitude of the effects, opening up the possibility of optimizing the strategy. In terms of application, these studies illustrate the critical importance, particularly in clinical settings, of taking into account the psychosocial processes involved in the care and management of stigmatized populations, such as individuals suffering from AUD
White paper on best practices for translational research in neuroendocrine neoplasms
No full textInternational audienceBasic and translational investigations play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In this white paper by the Basic and Translational Research Group of the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society, we discuss the qualities and drawbacks of current disease models and propose good practices for integrating state-of-the-art technologies including bulk and single-cell genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in contemporary NEN research. We also provide insights on how to properly handle tissue samples (particularly when starting material is limited) and discuss technical hints of relevance when planning liquid biopsy or tumor immunology studies. Future translational studies of NENs will benefit from centralized biologic material biobanking, research design planning in the context of multi-expertise committees, as well as experimental protocol optimization and sharing across the NEN scientific community
Physiological effects of nasal high flow therapy during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A crossover randomised controlled trial
No full textInternational audienceNo abstract availabl
Beyond the shunt: Divergent insights from hyperoxia testing and contrast echocardiography in adults with pulmonary hypertension
No full textInternational audienceOur objective was to evaluate the agreement between hyperoxia test (HT) and contrast transthoracic echocardiography (CE) for shunt detection in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and unexplained hypoxemia. We retrospectively collected data from consecutive hypoxemic PH patients over a 2‐year period. The tests were conducted sequentially, and their agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Fifty‐five PH patients were included, with a median age of 67 years [58–73]; among them, 35 (63.6%) were classified as having pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 39 mmHg [34–49] and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was 5.3 WU [3.8–8.9]. P A–a O2 in room air was 50 mmHg [38–61]. A significant shunt was identified by HT (HT+) in 34 patients (61.8%) and by CE (CE+) in 29 patients (52.7%). Discrepancies were observed in 29 cases (52.7%), with a Cohen's kappa index of −0.068. The discordant profiles (HT+/CE− and HT−/CE+) exhibited distinct DLCO z ‐scores (respectively −3.35 vs. −5.47, p = 0.014), while hemodynamic parameters remained similar. The observed lack of agreement may reflect the complementary roles of these tests. Further investigation is needed to explore the potential contribution of micro‐shunts and pulmonary vascular dilations to these findings
Intérêt du dosage de la sérum amyloid A pour la caractérisation du sepsis néonatal équin et comparaison des deux techniques différentes de mesure
No full textLe sepsis néonatal est une cause majeure de morbidité et de mortalité chez le poulain. Une identification rapide des individus à risque est cruciale, mais les critères diagnostiques actuels restent imprécis. Cette étude vise à évaluer la Serum Amyloid A (SAA) comme biomarqueur de diagnostic et de pronostic du sepsis néonatal équin grâce au lecteur portatif VeraSTAT-V®. Pour ce faire, une étude prospective a été menée sur 40 poulains âgés de moins d’un mois, hospitalisés en urgence au Cisco. Une comparaison de l’analyseur portable avec deux autres analyseurs (Daytona+ et Diatron Pictus® 500) a révélé une variabilité inter-méthodes importante, limitant leur interchangeabilité. Les concentrations de SAA, mesurées à l’admission via le lecteur portatif, ont été confrontées au statut septique déterminé par un score clinique et les hémocultures. Bien que la SAA soit significativement élevée en cas d’inflammation, elle ne permet pas de distinguer efficacement poulains septiques et non-septiques (AUC = 0,46 ; sensibilité = 29,4 % ; spécificité = 78,3 %). Son utilité semble résider dans la distinction entre inflammation localisée et absence d’inflammation, voire dans le suivi clinique. En pronostic, la SAA ne permet pas non plus de prédire la mortalité de manière satisfaisante. Ces résultats confirment que la SAA, utilisée seule, ne constitue pas un marqueur fiable du sepsis néonatal équin, mais pourrait s’inscrire dans une approche diagnostique multimodale associant critères cliniques et biologiques