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Affective Computing in Marketing: Practical Implications and Research Opportunities Afforded by Emotionally Intelligent Machines
Get PDFAfter years of using AI to perform cognitive tasks, marketing practitioners can now use it to perform tasks that require emotional intelligence. This advancement is made possible by the rise of afective computing, which develops AI and machines capable of detecting and responding to human emotions. From market research, to customer service, to product innovation, the practice of marketing will likely be transformed by the rise of afective computing, as preliminary evidence from the feld suggests. In this Idea Corner, we discuss this transformation and identify the research opportunities that it oferspublishedVersio
Acupuncture for managing cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and is a serious threat to women’s
health. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a distressing symptom in BC patients during and after
chemotherapy or radiation therapy that severely affects quality of life (QoL). AT is widely used
for fatigue management. However, the effect of AT on CRF is still uncertain. This study aimed
to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AT in the management of CRF in patients with BC. Eleven
databases were searched through June 2022. Two researchers independently performed the database
search, study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Study selection was performed
based on predefined Participants, Intervention, Comparators, Outcomes, Study design (PICOS)
criteria, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
guidelines were followed when reporting the results. A meta-analysis was performed according to
the Cochrane systematic review method using RevMan 5.3. A total of 12 studies including a total
of 1084 participants were included. The results showed that AT had a beneficial effect compared
with sham AT (n = 256, SMD = −0.26, 95% CI [−0.51, −0.01], p = 0.04, I2 = 0%) and a long-term
effect on fatigue score (n = 209, MD = −0.32, 95% CI [–0.59, −0.04], p = 0.02, I2 = 0%). Meta-analysis
showed that AT had a beneficial effect compared with usual care (UC) on fatigue scores (n = 238,
SMD = −0.39, 95% CI [−0.66 to −0.12], p = 0.005, I2 = 0%). Of the 12 articles, 3 articles were judged
as having a low risk of bias in all domains and hence were of high quality. No serious adverse
effects were identified. AT is an effective and safe treatment for CRF, and AT is more effective than
sham AT or UC or wait-list control (WLC). Nevertheless, the methodological quality of most of these
studies was low, and the included studies/sample sizes were small, so the ability to derive decisive
implications was limited. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.publishedVersio
Competing through innovation: Let the customer judge!
Get PDFAlthough customers are the final judges of innovations, their opinions on firms’ innovations are rarely listened to. In this article, we developed a novel model for examining the antecedents and consequences of perceived firm innovativeness. We argue that when customers cognitively register changes in the value creation introduced by a firm, they perceive the firm as more innovative and, consequently, more attractive than its competitors. Using two waves of data from nationally representative samples (1,293 and 1,583 responses), we developed measures for examining changes in value creation that firms introduce and customers can perceive. We tested our theory by applying structural equation modeling to data from a nationally representative sample (5,812 responses). We found that firms that introduced changes affecting value proposition, value actualization, and interaction space were perceived as more innovative and more attractive than their competitors. Surprisingly, changes in relationship experience are negatively associated with perceived innovativeness and contribute to lower relative attractiveness in the market. One explanation is that firms introduce relationship innovations to safeguard future cash flows, which customers do not necessarily see as innovative.publishedVersio
Driving through dense fog: a study of the effects and control of sustainable public procurement of electric cars
Get PDFGovernments are large buyers of vehicles, thus contributing to pollution. To promote sustainability, policies have been shaped to replace government-owned fossil fuel cars with electric cars. Public procurement is seen as a strategic tool for the government to transition. This study identifies a research gap due to a lack of studies on how stakeholders at different levels identify and calculate the sustainability effects of public procurement of cars. Our approach uses a multilevel perspective to explore how various stakeholders perceive and assess the effects of sustainable public procurement. The data were obtained through a qualitative research design with documents and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in Norway ranging from government agencies, public procurement officers, car suppliers, and end-users. (End-users in this setting are the ones who ultimately use the vehicles). The study’s findings are two-fold. First, it contributes to understanding that perceived effects of sustainable public procurement vary from the stakeholders' perspectives and that public procurement initiatives perceive to have cultural effects in addition to innovation, environmental, economic, and social impacts. Second, it contributes to understanding the importance of feedback mechanisms in public procurement to align the assessment of the effects. A better understanding of how effects are identified, and improved feedback mechanisms could help government representatives control the procurement system and accomplish the intended effects.publishedVersio
Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study
Get PDFBackground
More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels.
Methods
We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution.
Findings
Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution.
Interpretation
Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution.This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. L G Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (Capes; finance Code 001), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais. D A Bennett acknowledges support from the Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. Z A Bhutta acknowledges support from the Institute for Global Health & Development at the Aga Khan University. F Carvalho acknowledges UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. J-W De Neve is supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. S Dey acknowledges the support from the Centre of Excellence for Research on Clean Air, IIT Delhi. M Ausloos and C Herteliu are partly supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation (project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084). C Herteliu is partly supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation (project number PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351), the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization (project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021), and the Romanian Ministry of Labour and Social Justice (30/PSCD/2018). M Jakovljevic acknowledges partial support through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Science Education and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. J S John acknowledges support from the Kunshan Government and China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. W Mendoza is a program analyst in population and development at the United Nations Population Fund country office in Peru, an institution that does not necessarily endorse this study. M N Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. K Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar acknowledges support (FIC/NIH funded K43 TW010716-04 study). B Lacey acknowledges support from UK Biobank, the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and the British Heart Foundation Oxford Centre of Research Excellence. B R Nascimento acknowledges support in part by CNPq (Bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa, 312382/2019-7), by the Edwards Lifesciences Foundation (Every Heartbeat Matters Program 2020) and by FAPEMIG (grant APQ-000627-20). A M Samy acknowledges the support from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. M M Santric-Milicevic acknowledges the support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia (contract 175087). A Sheikh acknowledges the support of Health Data Research UK. I N Soyiri acknowledges support from the University of Hull internal QR Global Challenges Research Fund. S B Zaman acknowledges receiving a scholarship from the Australian Government research training program in support of his academic career. Y Zhang was supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant Q20201104) and Outstanding Young and Middle Aged Technology Innovation Team Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant T2020003).publishedVersio
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Get PDFSummary
Background
Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.
Methods
The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented.
Findings
Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]).
Interpretation
The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden.
Funding
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.publishedVersio
Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM BrowZine Journal Cover 2·5 air pollution, 1990-2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBill & Melinda Gates FoundationpublishedVersio
The Geopolitical Risk and Strategic Uncertainty of Green Growth after the Ukraine Invasion: How the Circular Economy Can Decrease the Market Power of and Resource Dependency on Critical Minerals
Get PDFFollowing the invasion of Ukraine, there is a call to replace Russian gas and oil with green electric energy. A prime sector subject to electrification is the transportation sector. Consequently, access to the critical minerals for electrification has become an important strategic issue in the electric vehicle industry. Our analysis indicates that the markets for scarce and critical minerals, like cobalt, graphite, lithium, and rare earth elements, are in a highly concentrated number of countries. China, a strategic partner of Russia, has a dominant power position in both graphite and rare earth elements and is a dominant player in the processing of copper, nickel, cobalt, lithium, and rare earth elements. Furthermore, at least 70% of cobalt, graphite, and rare earth element resources are in corrupt or very corrupt states. Transportation sector electrification might therefore increase Europe’s and the USA’s resource dependency on totalitarian, corrupt, and unstable countries. The surging resource dependency on China, Russia’s most important strategic partner, intensifies the geopolitical risk to the green transition. We suggest strategies like vertical control of supply chains, specific technology and infrastructure investments, innovation of other green energy sources, and exploration of critical minerals in other countries. Substitution and closed-loop technology also reduce resource dependency and geopolitical risk. However, closed-loop recycling cannot compensate for the short-run growth in the electric vehicle markets. Thus, the circular economy will reduce but not eliminate geopolitical risk. Countries, supply chains, and companies should examine the geopolitical risk and strategic uncertainty associated with different green energy sources and technology.Open access funding was provided by Kristiania University College.publishedVersio
