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JavaScript Instrumentation for Search-Based Software Testing: A Study with RESTful APIs
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Recurrent neural network with density-based clustering for group pattern detection in energy systems
Get PDFThis research explores a new direction in power system technology and develops a new framework for pattern group discovery from large power system data. The efficient combination between the recurrent neural network and the density-based clustering enables to find the group patterns in the power system. The power system data is first collected in multiple time series data and trained by the recurrent neural network to find simple patterns. The simple patterns are then studied, and analyzed with the density-based clustering algorithm to identify the group of patterns. The solution was analyzed in two case studies (pattern discovery and outlier detection) specifically for power systems. The results show the advantages of the proposed framework and a clear superiority compared to state-of-the-art approaches, where the average correlation in group pattern detection is 90% and in group outlier detection more than 80% of both true-positive and true-negative rates.publishedVersio
Hvilken av endringene?
Get PDFDenne masteroppgaven tar utgangspunkt i en organisasjon som har gjennomført en organisatorisk endring. Den studerte virksomheten har gjennomgått en omstrukturering og nedbemanning påvirket av pandemi og hjemmekontor.
Oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i følgende problemstilling: “Hvordan lede en organisatorisk endring?”. Hvordan har omstruktureringen fungert, hvordan ivaretar man de ansatte gjennom usikkerhet og hvordan ledelsen kommuniserer, oppfølger og involverer de ansatte under endringen, er noen tema vi ønsker å belyse i denne studien. Hvordan kunnskapsdimensjonen forvaltes gjennom utvikling, deling, samt hvordan den utnyttes i løpet av endringen vil også være tema av interesse i denne oppgaven.
For å svare på vår problemstilling er det anvendt kvalitativ metode og case som forskningsdesign. Det er gjennomført tolv semistrukturerte dybdeintervjuer av ansatte i den studerte virksomheten. Da denne studien er basert på en enkelt case, vil den ha noe begrenset overføringsverdi til andre kontekster enn nettopp casen vi har studert. Vi håper uansett at oppgavens konklusjoner kan være overførbare til virksomheter som gjenkjenner seg i casen.
Studien peker på noen sentrale funn og implikasjoner organisasjonen kan ta med seg. Vi har sett viktigheten av et godt forankret formål og en samstemt ledergruppe når visjonen skal videreformidles for å skape en felles retning. Innføringen av desentralisert struktur må fasiliteres og gjøres konsekvent, da vi har sett at motsigende elementer i konfigurasjonen bidrar til usikkerhet hos de myndiggjorte medarbeidere. Vi har sett at medbestemmelse og involvering av medarbeidere er av stor betydning under endringsprosessen. Studien viser implisitt betydningen av uformelle arenaer for å skape mening om en endring
En kvalitativ studie for hvordan ledere lærer ledelse
Get PDFDet er lite som er så lett å omtale med store ord, og samtidig så vanskelig å få til i praksis som
ledelse. Ettersom det settes stadig høyere krav til lederrollen og lederens utøvelse av ledelse
er dette noe som vi mener er viktig å forstå bedre. Ledelse er komplekst, noe som speiles av
de utallige teorier og perspektiver som finnes der ute. Ledelseslitteraturen handler i stor grad
om hvordan ledelse kan forstås, hvordan ledere bør være og hva som kjennetegner gode
ledere. Hvordan ledere lærer seg ledelse er i større grad ukjent og ubeskrevet, og det er dette
vi forsøker å belyse i denne oppgaven. I denne studien har vi benyttet et kvalitativt
forskningsdesign med dybdeintervju som datainnsamlingsmetode. Vi har utført 12 kvalitative
dybdeintervjuer, og informantene består av mellomledere fra forskjellige organisasjoner og
ulike bransjer. Intervjuene ble transkribert fortløpende, og deretter kategorisert og analysert.
Vi finner at ledelse læres gjennom å praktisere, og kan ikke alene læres gjennom formell
læring som lederutdanning og kurs. Eksplisitt kunnskap og teorier om ledelse får først verdi
når den benyttes i praksis. I motsetning til hva man gjerne tror, finner vi at lederens viktigste
læringsarenaer er de uformelle. Den viktigste læringen skjer gjennom å lede i den konteksten
lederen er i hverdagen, hvor sosial interaksjon med medarbeidere og andre ledere er sentralt.
Gjennom å praktisere, observere og kommunisere sammen med andre vil lederen tilegne seg
taus kunnskap som er relevant for sin ledelsespraksis. Videre identifiserer vi praksisfelleskap
som en annen viktig læringsarena. Gjennom at det forhandles frem kunnskap i
praksisfellesskapet og formidles videre til lederen utenfor praksisfellesskapet, vil det fremme
læring og utvikling hos lederen. Ved å tilrettelegge for formelle praksisfellesskap kan lederen
fremme kunnskapsdelingen mellom ulike nivåer og fagområder i organisasjonen. Videre vil
kunnskapsdeling med medarbeidere og andre ledere gi lederen nye perspektiver samt at en vil
tilegne seg ny kunnskap. Til slutt finner vi at refleksjon danner grunnlag for læring og
handling, og er avgjørende for å kunne lære av det lederen gjør i sin ledelsespraksis og for at
det skal bli kontinuerlig utviklende. En direkte konsekvens av våre funn tilsier at man bør
være forsiktig med å ukritisk se på lederkurs som en magisk formel for å kunne bli en god
leder, men at de heller bør sees på som verktøy for å løse identifiserte mangler eller gi
nødvendig faglig påfyll
Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Get PDFBackground Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (−28·4 to −2·9) for all diabetes, and by 21·0% (–33·0 to −5·9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (−13·6% [–28·4 to 3·4]) and for type 1 diabetes (−13·6% [–29·3 to 8·9]). Interpretation Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations.publishedVersio
Innovation during the Covid-19 crisis: an in-depth study of eight companies
Get PDFOver the years, researchers in the field of innovation have debated whether recession and crisis have given organisations opportunities, or limitations for growth. The Covid-19 crisis has now given a unique opportunity to study this in more depth. Using a theoretical framework of transitional technology (Geels 2002), representatives from eight companies were interviewed in depth to examine whether the Covid-19 crisis accelerated innovation of their products, services or work processes. The findings showed that changes in the external sociopolitical landscape induced by the crisis, created windows of opportunity for some of the companies that had products and services that solved issues arising from the secondary effects of the lockdown and enforced lack of contact between individuals. Other companies were forced to adapt to the same situation using new products, and experienced beneficial changes in work processes that represented new value for their organisations. The companies that experienced the least benefit from the crisis had a lack of industry diversity in their product portfolio and were not able to use the opportunities presented in a productive way. The aftermath of the crisis means the secondary effects of the crisis have lasted longer than the health-related effects of the primary crisis, and digitalisation of products and services has been accelerated in many ways. All the interviewees perceived that learning had occurred with regard to new ways of working and the flexibility of hybrid working. The importance of understanding how individuals dealt with the crisis has meant that large changes have occurred in the area of company culture
A multiple-case study of Cloud ERP in the Norwegian public sector: From adoption to implementation
Get PDFCloud computing (CC) technology has emerged as a favorable solution for organizations due to the urgent need for complex IT infrastructures. Hence, organizations across various sectors have moved their attention toward outsourcing computing platforms. Enterprise-resource planning (ERP) systems aid organizations in obtaining an understanding of business practices by allowing seamless integration of business accurate data for decision-making. Cloud ERP has the potential to deliver the same system functionalities as on-premise systems, at lower costs and effort. However, the uptake of such technologies has been reported as particularly low for public sector organizations (PSOs) when compared with private firms.
This study aims to explore factors influencing Norwegian PSOs intention to adopt cloud ERP, and which critical success factors are considered vital for a successful implementation. Furthermore, we illustrate the dynamic relationship between barriers at distinct phases. The research questions have been studied in a multiple case study, where the data has been collected through individual semi-structured interviews with Norwegian PSO representatives who either plan to adopt or have already implemented cloud ERP. The findings align with previous research regarding factors such as availability, reduced costs, updates, and maintenance. The findings also support that there is a link between organizational size and the desire to adopt. Contradictory, the findings reveal previously reported barriers such as security, vendor lock-in, lack of customization, and data ownership not to be perceived as direct barriers. Accordingly, our findings indicate more willingness among Norwegian PSOs to embrace cloud ERP than previously reported.
In the implementation stage, the findings closely resemble previous research. Factors such as user training, vendor selection, system integrations, and functionality are considered critical success factors among the Norwegian PSOs. One contradiction was discovered regarding project management, as the findings indicate that PSOs put more emphasis on a project team, rather than project management in isolation. Lastly, the results add to current research by identifying the dynamic interrelationship between barriers within distinct phases. Our findings suggest that open lines of communication amongst all parties involved are crucial throughout the entire process. The establishment of a solid contract is also considered vital
Progression in training volume and perceived psychological and physiological training distress in Norwegian student athletes: A cross-sectional study
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Genome-wide association study identifies Sjögren’s risk loci with functional implications in immune and glandular cells
Get PDFSjögren’s disease is a complex autoimmune disease with twelve established susceptibility loci. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies ten novel genome-wide significant (GWS) regions in Sjögren’s cases of European ancestry: CD247, NAB1, PTTG1-MIR146A, PRDM1-ATG5, TNFAIP3, XKR6, MAPT-CRHR1, RPTOR-CHMP6-BAIAP6, TYK2, SYNGR1. Polygenic risk scores yield predictability (AUROC = 0.71) and relative risk of 12.08. Interrogation of bioinformatics databases refine the associations, define local regulatory networks of GWS SNPs from the 95% credible set, and expand the implicated gene list to >40. Many GWS SNPs are eQTLs for genes within topologically associated domains in immune cells and/or eQTLs in the main target tissue, salivary glands.Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH): R01AR073855 (C.J.L.), R01AR065953 (C.J.L.), R01AR074310 (A.D.F.), P50AR060804 (K.L.S.), R01AR050782 (K.L.S), R01DE018209 (K.L.S.), R33AR076803 (I.A.), R21AR079089 (I.A.); NIDCR Sjögren’s Syndrome Clinic and Salivary Disorders Unit were supported by NIDCR Division of Intramural Research at the National Institutes of Health funds - Z01-DE000704 (B.W.); Birmingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (S.J.B.); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2155 – Projektnummer 390874280 (T.W.); Research Council of Norway (Oslo, Norway) – Grant 240421 (TR.R.), 316120 (M.W-H.); Western Norway Regional Health Authority (Helse Vest) – 911807, 912043 (R.O.); Swedish Research Council for Medicine and Health (L.R., G.N., M.W-H.); Swedish Rheumatism Association (L.R., G.N., M.W-H.); King Gustav V’s 80-year Foundation (G.N.); Swedish Society of Medicine (L.R., G.N., M.W-H.); Swedish Cancer Society (E.B.); Sjögren’s Syndrome Foundation (K.L.S.); Phileona Foundation (K.L.S.). The Stockholm County Council (M.W-H.); The Swedish Twin Registry is managed through the Swedish Research Council - Grant 2017-000641. The French ASSESS (Atteinte Systémique et Evolution des patients atteints de Syndrome de Sjögren primitive) was sponsored by Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (Ministry of Health, PHRC 2006 P060228) and the French society of Rheumatology (X.M.).publishedVersio
A holistic perspective on continuing care for substance use and dependence: Results and implications from an in-depth study of a Norwegian continuing care establishment
Get PDFThis article explores, systematically and in depth, users’ perceptions of participating in a Norwegian non-profit establishment that provides a continuing care programme for substance use and dependence. Identified results are linked to a holistic system perspective, where human, technology, and organisation (HTO), as well as external environment, are viewed as intertwined. At the establishment level, i.e., where the continuing care programme is delivered, we find that a clear holistic and user-oriented profile – comprising combined interventions including physical and social activities – can create a safe and stable environment that exerts a positive mental and physical influence on the user and thereby promotes abstinence from substances. However, our results suggest that the internal environment needs to connect more strongly with the external environment, such as a substance-free network, close family, and working life. At the establishment level, we conclude that there is a need to develop an explicit strategy and practice for collaborating with the external environment, built on systemisation and application of individual users’ insights into the design of the current interventions. Further research should explore the presence and absence of interplays between elements of human, technology, and organisation and the external environment, and the associated consequences for intervention processes and users’ health outcomes. Our holistic system model, empirically informed by data from a Norwegian context, can represent a starting point for such endeavours. The holistic system model also constitutes an original and novel contribution to research on continuing care interventions.publishedVersio