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Waist-to-Height Ratio as a predictor of cardiovascular and metabolic health in a pediatric population
Full text linkBackground: Understanding the relationship between central adiposity and health outcomes in children is crucial for early prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has emerged as a key anthropometric measure for predicting cardiovascular and metabolic health risks. Methods: The objective of this study was to investigate whether WHtR is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk markers, including HbA1c, CRP, lipid profiles, blood pressure, ferritin, and iron levels, in healthy children aged 6-12 years. The study further aimed to assess WHtR's potential as a screening tool for identification of cardiometabolic risk. Results: An association between WHtR and unfavorable lipid profiles, with elevated total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels, alongside decreased HDL levels in the highest WHtR quartile, were displayed, suggesting increased cardiovascular risk. Similarly, the combination of high erythrocyte count, low hematocrit (HCT), high ferritin, and low iron, combined with high CRP may imply chronic inflammation due to adiposities. Elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure values further underscore this cohort's cardiovascular risks associated with central adiposity. Conclusion: WHtR's ability to predict metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors highlights its potential as a simple, non-invasive screening tool in pediatric healthcare. Implementing WHtR in routine health assessments could provide an accessible and cost-effective method for early identification of at-risk children, enabling timely interventions to improve long-term health outcomes.publishedVersio
SOCIAL MEDIA ENGAGEMENT AND IDENTITY: THE LONELINESS AND FOMO EXPERIENCE OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Full text linkSocial media platforms, designed to facilitate connectivity, have a complex impact on psychological well-being. This study investigates the relationship between social media usage, loneliness, and the fear of missing out among young people in Slovakia, focusing on gender differences. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, data was collected from 225 university students (70.2% female, 29.8% male) through the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Social Media Engagement Questionnaire (SMEQ), and the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) Scale. Statistical analyses conducted included linear regression and correlation analyses; the results showed no significant correlation between social media use and loneliness (r = 0.08, p = 0.11), although a weak to moderately strong positive correlation was found between loneliness in women and FOMO (r = 0.24, p = 0.001). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was identified between FOMO and social media use (r = 0.27, p < 0.001), with FOMO predicting increased social media engagement. The study concludes that while social media use does not directly predict loneliness, FOMO significantly influences social media engagement among young people. These findings underscore the importance of considering psychological factors like FOMO in understanding students’ social media behaviour and point to the need for genderspecific approaches to digital wellness.acceptedVersio
The effect of active learning on academic performance in a Norwegian primary school setting–the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)
Full text linkBackground: Numerous systematic reviews, with varying degrees of certainty, have suggested a beneficial link between physical activity and academic achievement. Methods: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP) in Horten, Norway, integrates active learning in seven elementary schools’ curricula (n = 1,545), aiming to merge physical activity with academic instruction. The control group consisted of two schools from Akershus County, doing standard teaching (n = 752). The data were collected from 2015 to 2019. Results: The results highlight the active learning potential to complement traditional teaching methods and foster overall academic success in elementary education. Active learning, partially replacing traditional classroom methods with physical tasks, yielded significant academic benefits. Secular trends for national tests in 5th-grade intervention school students across five years showed improvement compared to control schools in English, arithmetic, and reading. Both intervention and control schools displayed a significant change in slope across the study period. Compared to national median results, the intervention schools also revealed an improvement. Conclusion: HOPP’s findings underscore the effectiveness of active learning in enhancing academic performance, with intervention schools surpassing national medians after four years of intervention.The effect of active learning on academic performance in a Norwegian primary school setting–the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)publishedVersio
“Denne tittelen er generert av KI”: En kvalitativ studie om hvordan implementeringen av KI i kommunikasjonsfagfeltet påvirker kommunikatørers praksis.
Full text linkDenne masteroppgaven undersøker hvordan kunstig intelligens (KI) påvirker kommunikasjonspraksis, med fokus på implementering og oppfatninger blant kommunikatører i Oslo, våren 2024. Studien benytter et kvalitativt forskningsdesign med dybdeintervjuer for å fange opp nyanser og erfaringer fra kommunikatører. Gjennom intervjuer med profesjonelle innen ulike sektorer av kommunikasjonsfeltet, utforskes det hvilke KI-verktøy som benyttes, hvordan disse påvirker arbeidsprosesser, og hvilke suksesshistorier og utfordringer som har oppstått. Funnene er strukturert rundt temaene arbeidspraksis og brukeropplevelse, teknologisk adapsjon, mediepåvirkning og etiske implikasjoner. Resultatene viser at KI forbedrer effektiviteten og produktiviteten ved å automatisere rutineoppgaver, noe som frigjør tid til mer kreative oppgaver. Kommunikatører rapporterer positive brukeropplevelser, spesielt med verktøy som ChatGPT, Copilot og Midjourney. Imidlertid er det også bekymringer knyttet til enorme informasjonsmengder og redusert evne til kritisk tenkning. Studien konkluderer med at ansvarlig integrasjon av KI er avgjørende for å sikre at teknologien styrker, snarere enn svekker, kommunikasjonspraksis og kognitive evner. Gjennom en kombinasjon av teorier fra Christensen om disruptiv innovasjon og McLuhan om medier som forlengelser av våre sanser, gir oppgaven en omfattende analyse av KI sin rolle i kommunikasjonsfeltet. Studien legger et viktig grunnlag for videre forskning og gir nyttige innsikter for både praktikere og teoretikere
Navigating Workforce dynamics in the Era of Generative AI
Full text linkGenerative AI has the potential to transform traditional work practices of knowledge workers. This thesis seeks to uncover how leveraging generative AI contributes to the redefinition of knowledge and expertise among knowledge workers. Through an exploratory case study, we base our investigation on theories related to the knowledge spiral and cognitive automation. Using Gioia’s method, we analyze and compare our data to previous literature on substitutive AI decision-making tools. We find that much of the previous literature is also applicable to the use of generative AI, with some differences attributed to generative AI working as a supplement to existing practices rather than as a substitute.
Knowledge workers redefine their expertise and knowledge through adaptive learning. They learn from their experiences using the tools for a wide range of tasks and share their knowledge with others. The shared experiences with the tools, their perceived capabilities, and the existing knowledge are internalized. This internalization shapes how they appraise their approach to leveraging generative AI. Their knowledge and expertise are redefined by applying them differently, resulting from a transformation in work methods. The key takeaway from our thesis is the implication that arises from the dynamic interaction of utilizing generative AI as a supplement to existing practices rather than as a substitute. We also highlight the importance of existing knowledge in navigating work processes transformed by generative AI
Fra stress til suksess - Ledelse under endringspress
Full text linkBakgrunnen for dette forskningsprosjektet var å utvide kunnskapsfeltet om stress og endringsledelse i en ny, norsk kontekst. Dette ble gjort ved å undersøke hvordan stress kan oppstå i forbindelse med større endringsprosesser, samt hvilke forebyggende tiltak ledelsen kan implementere for å hjelpe de ansatte med å håndtere den ekstra belastningen. Studien ble sentrert rundt en kjent aktør innen den norske telebransjen som nylig har gjennomført en nedbemanningsprosess, der flere titalls stillinger ble redusert på grunn av økonomiske utfordringer og endringer i virksomhetens eksterne omgivelser. Studiens problemstilling ble formulert som følger: «Hvordan kan en endringsleder tilrettelegge ytre faktorer for å redusere negativt stress under en planlagt endringsprosess?».
For å besvare oppgavens problemstilling presenterte jeg først et teoretisk rammeverk som gjorde rede for hva som inngår i det sentrale begrepet stress, hvordan stress kommer til syne under endringsprosesser og hvilke eksterne faktorer som bidrar til yrkesrelatert stress. Deretter benyttet jeg den kvalitative forskningsmetoden, hvor individuelle dybdeintervjuer ble brukt som datainnsamlingsmetode. Datamaterialet ble basert på uttalelsene til syv informanter i telebedriften, som representerte forskjellige avdelinger og stillingsnivåer i virksomheten. Her tok jeg i bruk utvalgsstrategien som innebar samarbeid med en gatekeeper for å få tilgang til relevante analyseobjekter for prosjektet. Videre ble funnene fra intervjusamtalene kodet, analysert og drøftet i lys av teorien om yrkesrelatert stress.
Gjennom arbeidet med dette forskningsprosjektet har jeg avdekket betydelige forskjeller i utvalgets opplevelser av nedbemanningen. Jeg konkluderte med at samtlige opplevde at den raske gjennomføringen av prosessen reduserte negativt stress, og at informantenes oppfatning av eget stressnivå i stor grad var påvirket av deres rolle i virksomheten. Jeg fant at medarbeiderne uten lederansvar uttrykte et vesentlig høyere stressnivå enn deres teamledere og at dette kunne tilskrives faktorer som grad av autonomi til å organisere eget arbeid, myndighet til å fatte beslutninger, involvering i forkant av prosessen og opplevd tilgang på sosial støtte. På bakgrunn av dette betydningsfulle funnet, ble det utarbeidet tre praktiske implikasjoner som både nåværende og fremtidige endringsledere vil ha stor nytteverdi av å ta i betraktning, for å kunne lykkes med bevare en produktiv og motivert arbeidsstyrke. Disse lyder som følger: (1) være transparent med bakgrunnen for omstillingen, (2) redusere avstanden til bunnlinjen i virksomheten, og (3) etablere klare utvalgskriterier
What Psychosocial Support Do First Year University Students Need? A Mixed Creative Methods Study
Full text linkHigher education students need help and support to enable them to cope with the challenges of their studies. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of first-year undergraduate students on predictors of psychosocial support in challenging situations. A creative art-based descriptive research design was employed utilising an individual One-Page Profile form to gather data from 240 first-year students from two different universities in Slovakia. Data was collected and analysed using a content-thematic and visual approach. Four significant individual predictors of psychosocial support were identified: emotional, instrumental, informational and appraisal. Emotional support consists of desirable mental health, defined by the students as experiencing happiness, self-satisfaction, self-development, relationships which are satisfying, loving and safe, trust, empathic acceptance, and care from others. Instrumental support varies from personnel up to material resources e.g., people, animals, and assistance such as financial services. The preferred informational support is peer-to-peer counselling, followed by professional counselling. When students describe appraisal support their needs are primarily in the areas of well-being and self-efficacy. The study makes various suggestions on how University staff can provide first-year students with support and counselling in their everyday challenges.What Psychosocial Support Do First Year University Students Need? A Mixed Creative Methods StudypublishedVersio
Offshore Wind Turbine Gearbox Condition Monitoring with Data Cubes and Deep Learning
Full text linkThis thesis presents an investigation into the use of deep learning for anomaly detection in offshore wind turbine condition monitoring gearbox data. Focusing on the novel application of convolutional autoencoders integrated with data cubes for enhanced data structuring and analysis. The research develops a deep learning framework that applies signal-to-image processing techniques to convert traditional timeseries vibration data into a multidimensional structured data cube format, facilitating the application of convolutional neural networks for improved feature extraction and anomaly detection. Through extensive literature review and methodological innovation, this thesis explores the capacity of these advanced models to handle the complex, high-dimensional datasets typically found in OWT operations. The empirical analysis demonstrates significant advancements in the detection capabilities of the system, pointing towards a reduction in maintenance costs and increased efficiency in the operational management of wind turbines. The introduction of data cubes allows for a more nuanced understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of turbine sensor data, enhancing the predictive accuracy of the anomaly detection system. This research not only substantiates the effectiveness of deep learning models in real-world condition monitoring but also reveals the practical challenges and constraints faced during implementation. The conclusion offers directions for future research, advocating for the exploration of more sophisticated deep learning algorithms and their integration with enhanced data handling architectures to further improve the reliability and cost-effectiveness of maintenance strategies in the renewable energy sector
Assessing transparency and methodological precision in variable measurement within organizational research: implications for validity
Full text linkThis study addresses the call for enhanced transparency in methodological reporting by critically assessing methodological rigor and transparency, particularly in variable measurement, within primary cross-sectional survey-based research in organizational studies. Through a combined approach of scoping review for systematic literature identification and qualitative analysis, instances of inadequate reporting transparency and lack of methodological rigor are revealed. Analyzing data from 68 published studies, the findings highlight unclear construct definitions and a consistent absence of theoretical limitations when presenting study findings, pointing to a need for better reporting transparency. Additionally, the study uncovers the presence of elusive links between variable constructs and measures, and misplaced claims of prior validation for measurement instruments, indicating a lack of methodological rigor. Collectively, these findings challenge the interpretation and validity of research results, potentially leading to misconceptions and misinterpretations about what is known about the variable(s) in question. In turn, this may lead to researchers and practitioners basing their research or practice on flawed assumptions about what a group of studies is saying or indicating. While acknowledging prior recommendations on variable measurement and transparency, this study brings renewed focus to these areas. It also explores the role of measurement proficiency, debating whether the observed limitations reflect ethical concerns or are indicative of researchers’ capabilities in variable measurement, validity assessment, and reporting.publishedVersio
The NEOLETRIB trial: neoadjuvant treatment with Letrozole and Ribociclib in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer
Full text linkChemotherapy is used as neoadjuvant therapy for all subgroups of breast cancer, including ER-positive, and HER2-negative cases. However, studies have suggested that using aromatase inhibitors combined with CDK4/6-inhibitors might be an appropriate alternative in selected patients. Thus, the NEOLETRIB trial evaluates the response of ER-positive, HER2-negative luminal A/B breast cancer to the combination of letrozole and ribociclib in the neoadjuvant setting. Comprehensive molecular biology procedures, including sequential single-cell RNA-sequencing of tumor biopsies, are performed during 6 months of treatment with extensive biobanking of blood samples, tumor biopsies and gut microbiome specimens. Our findings will hopefully contribute to an improved selection of patients who may benefit from this drug combination and give new insights into the intra-tumoral changes during this treatment.publishedVersio