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Étude du bâti vernaculaire : l’exemple de la boucherie de la rue Henri Barbusse de Nanterre (XIXe-XXe siècles)
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The archaeology of climate change: a blueprint for integrating environmental and cultural systems
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Cultural systems play an important role in shaping the interactions between humans and the environment, and are in turn shaped by these interactions. However, at present, cultural systems are poorly integrated into the models used by climate scientists to study the interaction of natural and anthropogenic processes (i.e. Earth systems models) due to pragmatic and conceptual barriers. In this Perspective, we demonstrate how the archaeology of climate change, an interdisciplinary field that uses the archaeological record to explore human-environment interactions, is uniquely placed to overcome these barriers. We use concepts drawn from climate science and evolutionary anthropology to show how complex systems modeling that focuses on the spatial structure of the environment and its impact on demographic variables, social networks and cultural evolution, can bridge the gap between large-scale climate processes and local-scale social processes. The result is a blueprint for the design of integrative models that produce testable hypotheses about the impact of climate change on human systems
Rapport d’opération de fouilles programmées 2024, Troisième année de la première autorisation triennale. La grotte des Jonquilles (Caniac-du-causse, Lot), Un nouveau site Mésolithique dans le Haut-Quercy
No full textEarly evidence for capacity standardisation in Western Europe. The vessels from Mailhac (Aude, France) 9th-7th centuries BC
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents an original study of the metrological characteristics of a series of vessels discovered in the necropolis of Le Moulin (Mailhac, southern France) and dated to the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age. A metrological study of the capacities of these artefacts is presented, based on a protocol of 3D modelling from 2D drawings to calculate the internal volumes of the vessels, and a series of mathematical and statistical analyses. The results make it possible to identify one of the earliest evidence for metrological practices based on capacity in Western Europe
Zooarchaeology using mass spectrometry: an integrative approach to understanding subsistence behavior across the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe
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À propos de la présence de plantes à vertus thérapeutiques dans les vases funéraires turons des nécropoles d’Esvres-sur-Indre (Indre-et-Loire ; fin IIe s. av. J.-C./début Ier s. ap. J.-C.) : des témoins de prises en charge médicale ante mortem ?
No full textInternational audienceThe mutilations, the morphology or the arrangement (staging) of certain vases from a funerary context have led to questions about the nature of their content (is it distinct from the others?). To answer this question, some have been the subject of organic analysis in GC/MS and research of phytoliths. The results revealed complex contents, in which medicinal plants identify therapeutic preparations, which seem to designate patients who have died despite ante-mortem medical care. We present here the analysis results obtained for nine vases from simple burials, belonging to two children and three adults (including one cremation) from the necropolises of Vaugrignon and La Haute Cour in Esvres-sur-Indre (Indre-et -Loire), dated from the 2nd c. BC. to the beginning of the 1st c. AD
À propos d'un 9 siliques en or de Constantin Ier découvert à Toulouse (Haute-Garonne) : retour sur ces monnaies particulières et leur place dans le monnayage constantinien
No full textInternational audienceLes auteurs présentent une monnaie rare de Constantin Ier , un 9 siliques en or, découverte à Toulouse (Haute-Garonne) et conservée à l'espace Georges Baccrabère de l'Institut catholique de Toulouse, où elle est exposée. Il s'agit par ailleurs de la seule monnaie d'or romaine de Toulouse encore conservée dans une collection muséale
What a peaty contribution to global warming! An interdisciplinary study of atmospheric and hydrologic carbon fluxes in a temperate peatland in the Jura Mountains, eastern France
No full textInternational audiencePeatlands, though covering only 3 % of the global land surface, play an active role in the Critical Zone (CZ) by mediating substantial water and carbon exchanges with adjacent aquifers, surface waters, and the atmosphere. These ecosystems provide key services, such as carbon and water storage and local climate regulation, addressing contemporary challenges related to climate change, biodiversity loss, and water resource management. However, peatlands are increasingly threatened by global pressures, including climate change, and local disturbances, such as drainage for agriculture, forestry, and peat extraction. To mitigate these threats, it is essential to understand the hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes governing peatland dynamics across spatiotemporal scales. To explore the factors controlling greenhouse gases sources, production, and transport in peatlands, an interdisciplinary field campaign was conducted at the Frasne peatland (7 ha, 46.826°N, 6.1754°E, 840 m a.s.l.), a long-term observatory since 2008. The site is part of the French CZ research infrastructure (OZCAR) and the long term ecological research site Jurassian Arc, which focuses on the interaction between human and nature. The campaign was supported by the TERRA FORMA project, which develops smart, connected, low-cost, and low-impact environmental sensors to monitor CZ trajectories in the Anthropocene. The fieldwork integrated microbiological analyses of peat material, including membrane lipid profiling to trace microbial metabolisms, combined with detailed hydrogeochemical investigations of peat pore water along lateral flow and depth gradients. Measurements included physicochemical parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity, pH) and major elements, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC), CO₂, and CH₄ concentration, as well as their isotopic characterization (δ¹⁸O, δ²H, δ¹³C) . Additionally, greenhouse gases fluxes were quantified at multiple scales, employing methods such as dissolved gas profiling, chamber measurements, eddy covariance, and UAV-based surveys. This multiscale approach aims to tackle critical challenges in peatland research and management, including three-dimensional quantification of carbon fluxes (lateral and vertical) at the ecosystem scale; characterization of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes that modulate greenhouse gases and dissolved carbon production and transport; and development of accessible and efficient tools for addressing these pressing environmental issues. three-dimensional quantification of carbon fluxes (lateral and vertical) at the ecosystem scale; characterization of hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes that modulate greenhouse gases and dissolved carbon production and transport; and development of accessible and efficient tools for addressing these pressing environmental issues
Etude paléo-odontologique d'un échantillon d'époque moderne à Rouen. Protocole et perspective
No full textInternational audienceL’étude paléo-odontologique d’un échantillon issu de l’aître Saint-Maclou (Rouen,époque moderne) réalisée dans le cadre d’un Master 2 permet de s’interroger sur de nouvelles perspectives que pourrait offrir l’étude exhaustive de la santé bucco-dentaire des populations anciennes. Deux critères en particulier posent question à ce stade de l’étude.D’une part, l’évaluation qualitative et quantitative des lésions carieuses met enévidence une disparité des individus face à cette pathologie. Certains d’entre eux ont un indice carieux bien supérieur à la moyenne de l’échantillon, ce qui amène à s’interroger sur la nature des facteurs de risques carieux auxquels ils ont pu être exposés. Un individu en particulierprésente un profil rappelant ce que la Haute Autorité de Santé définit aujourd’hui comme “la carie du boulanger-pâtissier”. D’autre part, l’évaluation des parodontopathies (maladies de “déchaussement desdents”) a été intégrée au protocole d’étude, en s’inspirant de la nouvelle classification des maladies parodontales de 2018 et de l’arbre décisionnel proposé par la SFPIO (Société Française de Parodontologie et d’Implantologie Orale), en l’adaptant au contexte d’étude sur os secs. Des atteintes parodontales ont été mises en évidence chez une proportion non négligeable de sujets jeunes (adultes de moins de 30 ans, adolescents, enfants), ce qui ne correspond pas aux attendus : la parodontite étant habituellement d’évolution lente, les formessévères touchent davantage les individus plus âgés. Au-delà de l’absence probable d’hygiène bucco-dentaire quotidienne et d’accès au soin chez les populations anciennes, différents facteurs peuvent être évoqués pour expliquer la fréquence de ces formes atypiques, tels que des maladies systémiques associées ou une pathogénicité accrue de la flore bactérienne buccale.Le scorbut en particulier pourrait être incriminé. Les symptômes bucco-dentaires sont connus : gingivorragies, ulcérations gingivales, pouvant aller jusqu’à une mobilité puis une perte des dents. Ceci traduit une perte d’attache clinique (CAL : Clinical Attachment Loss) telle que définie dans la classification des parodontopathies de 2018. Ainsi, les indices parodontaux pourraient être considérés comme un moyen de mettre en évidence des cas descorbut actifs au décès, mais aussi des cas de scorbut guéris. Un protocole d’étude pourrait être envisagé pour étayer cette hypothèse
Shell ornaments from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in France : Documentary review. In Alarashi Hala, Bonnardin Sandrine, Fleurot K., Grannier-Parra Marianne, Mougne Caroline et Theodoropoulou TatianaParures de la mer, vogue d’Orient en Occident du Chalcolithique à l’âge du Bronze
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