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ANTANO KLEMENTO KARJERA TELŠIŲ ŽEMĖS TEISME
Get PDFThe article analysed facts from the professional biography of Antanas Klementas in the period of his life in the town of Telšiai. In historiography A. Klementas is known as a writer who, as one of the first, began to write Lithuanian poems on secular topics, however to his contemporaries he was primarily known as a high-ranking court official. In 1792 Antanas Klementas moved to Telšiai hoping to take office in the new Telšiai court of landed-gentry. He had worked for ten years in Telšiai court of landed-gentry, and later in the land court. Klementas pursued his career and held various positions with the help of the Pliateriai family whose lifelong faction member he was. In the last decade of the 18th century Klementas actively participated in the life of the Telšiai town and district: he had signed up as a citizen, became a vogt of Telšiai, and in 1794 participated in the rebellion directed against the Russian army. Klementas also took part in all the Telšiai district dietines that were held in the period of 1792–1817. A. Klementas reached the top of his career in the period of1802–1817 in 1802–1809 and 1811–1814 he was the judge of the Telšiai land court, he used to be elected to other positions as well – he was a frontiers judge (1811), a standard bearer of Telšiai, more than once replaced the Marshal of Telšiai. Klement’s positions in the court guaranteed him a steady income that allowed him to purchase a considerable Gotautiškių estate. His work in the court and dietines in elective positions left an imprint on A. Klementas’ works.Šiame straipsnyje yra analizuojami lietuvių rašytojo ir teisininko Antano Klemento biografijos faktai iš jo gyvenimo Telšiuose laikotarpio. Lietuvos archyvuose ir bibliotekose surasti dokumentai atskleidžia kai kuriuos teisininkoA. Klemento karjeros etapus ir jų atspindėjimą kūryboje
TEISINIS PERDAVIMAS IR SUSIJUNGIMAS PAGAL DIREKTYVĄ 2001/23/EB
Get PDFThe article studies the notion of legal transfer and merge as types of business transfer under Directive 2001/23/EC. The author summarizes that definition of legal transfer is explained broadly in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Therefore, it embodies types of business transfer of any legal form and does not anyhow restrict the scope of application of Directive 2001/23/EC. The author states that in practice, legal transfer can be implicated by a transaction, administrative act or judicial decision and gives related examples from the jurisprudence of Court of Justice of the European Union.As regards a notion “merger” in the context of the Directive 2001/23/EC, the author indicates that this notion refers to the types of reorganization of a legal person under national law. Accordingly, the provision of a merge, as a separate type of a business transfer, in the Directive 2001/23/EC is excessive since, in author‘s opinion, the notion of legal transfer is sufficient to cover the situations of reorganization of a legal person.The article also discusses, that national law provisions, which restrict termination of employment relationship due to a business transfer, should be revised. The author expresses opinion that their current wording allows an inaccurate interpretation – that reorganization or a change of members, subordination or name of the company determined by such reorganization are separate conditions to apply restriction for employment termination and does not fall under the scope of restriction to terminate employment due to a business transfer.Straipsnyje analizuojama Direktyvoje 2001/23/EB minimų teisinio perdavimo ir susijungimo, kaip verslo perdavimo būdų, samprata, kuri daugiausia suformuota Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismo jurisprudencijoje. Nagrinėjama, kokiomis formomis šie būdai įgyvendinami, koks jų santykis bei kaip jie atspindėti Lietuvos nacionalinėje teisėje, įtvirtinančioje ribojimą nutraukti darbo santykius dėl įvykusio verslo perdavimo
О ПРЕДПОСЫЛКАХ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МОДЕЛИ АМЕРИКАНСКОГО БАНКРОТСТВА
No full text...В условиях отсутствия законопроекта и представлений о ближайших будущих изменениях правового регулирования процедур несостоятельности в России, вопрос об истории возникновения «продолжниковой» модели несостоятельности, функционирующей много лет в США, видится актуальным.Анализируя историю становления современной модели американского банкротства, мы рассмотрели четыре закона о несостоятельности 19 века, которые были недолговечными по причине смены экономической и политической ситуации в стране. Первоначально законодательство США характеризовалось дружественностью кредиторам, а институт банкротства применялся лишь принудительно к должникам «второго сорта». Законодательные акты 1800 г., 1841 г., 1867 г., 1898 г. характеризовались постепенным развитием продолжниковой концепции, которая восторжествовала в Акте о реформе законодательства о банкротства 1978 года
CIVILINIO GINČO ŠALIŲ SUVOKTAS TEISĖJŲ ELGESIO TEISINGUMAS
Get PDFThe article analyzes perceived fairness of judges’ behavior before the start of the trial and after the court process of litigants and its factors: justice expectations, perceived fairness and emotions during the trial, emotions as well as demographic characteristics of litigants.Straipsnyje analizuojamas civilinio ginčo šalių suvoktas teisėjų elgesio teisingumas prieš prasidedant teismo procesui ir po teismo proceso, taip pat jo veiksniai: teisingumo lūkesčiai, teismo proceso metu patirtas teisėjo elgesio teisingumas, teismo proceso metu patirti emociniai išgyvenimai ir ginčo šalių demografinės charakteristikos
ARBITRO NUŠALINIMAS IR JO TEISINIAI PADARINIAI
Get PDFThis article analyses the grounds for arbitrator’s removal and its consequences. The article reveals the contents of the challenge grounds stipulated by law, compares the grounds foreseen in Lithuanian law with the law of foreign countries, and examines direct and indirect consequences of arbitrator’s disqualification for arbitrator himself as well as for the arbitration proceedings.Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami arbitro nušalinimo pagrindai ir iš to kylantys teisiniai padariniai. Atskleidžiamas teisės aktuose numatytų arbitro nušalinimo pagrindų turinys, Lietuvoje įtvirtinti nušalinimo pagrindai lyginami su užsienio valstybių praktika, aptariami tiesioginiai ir netiesioginiai arbitro nušalinimo padariniai arbitrui ir arbitražo procesui
CRITERIA FOR THE COURT’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE JUSTIFICATION OF ITS DECISIONS
Get PDFThe article aims to identify the criteria of ‘the court’s compliance with the obligation to provide justification of its decisions. The following criteria have been identified: a court accepted the party’s (parties’) argument that has the following features: is concrete; is relevant; is appropriate; in case of court’s refusal to accept the evidence provided by the party (parties), the court provides detailed and compelling reasons for this refusal listed in its decision document; the evidence was admitted in a fair way; the evidence was examined in a fair way; implications of evidence examination and application of judicial norms are in compliance with CPHRFF; the procedural decision-making is fair
KALTĖ KAIP JURIDINIŲ ASMENŲ ADMINISTRACINIO BAUDIMO SĄLYGA
Get PDFAdministrative offences are to be sanctioned pursuant to two different legal grounds, Code of Administrative Offences (hereinafter – CAO) (after the 1st of January, 2017 will be replaced by the Code of Administrative Violations (hereinafter – CAV)) and special laws, regulating certain economic spheres (hereinafter – Special laws). This rule also determined that sanctioning of administrative offences is to be executed pursuant to different rules, one of such differences – the importance of the element of fault. Both CAO and CAV states the rule that sanctioning of administrative offences is possible only in cases where fault of the person is determined, however, Special laws provides the rule that administrative offences are to be sanctioned pursuant to the rule of objective liability, i.e. the fact of the offence being committed is sufficient enough to presume the fault.In the light of the above, the fault of legal entities as an element of sanctioning administrative offences is being discussed in this article. This element is being analysed in both cases, sanctioning administrative offences pursuant to Code of Administrative Offences and pursuant to special laws regulating certain economic spheres. This category is also being compared with the analogous category in criminal law in order to determine pros and cons. The clauses of the Law on Public Administration related to sanctioning legal entities and the case law are also evaluated.In conclusion, the discussed circumstances are used to conclude that the currently applicable law is not consistent, therefore is to be altered. It is also suggested to amend the Law on Public Administration, defining that that legal entities are to be sanctioned only where the fault are determined, in respect to be objective circumstances.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama juridinių asmenų kaltės problematika esant administracinio baudimo teisiniams santykiams. Kaltė, kaip vienas iš galimų administracinės atsakomybės subjektyviosios pusės požymių, analizuojama tiek baudimo pagal Administracinių teisės pažeidimų kodeksą (Administracinių nusižengimų kodeksą) fizinių asmenų aspektu, tiek ir baudimo pagal specialiuosius įstatymus atvejais. Straipsnyje pateikiamas juridinių asmenų kaltės požymio administracinio baudimo teisiniuose santykiuose lyginimas su analogiška kategorija baudžiamosios atsakomybės teisiniuose santykiuose, siekiant įvertinti kaltės elemento taikymo teigiamus ir neigiamus aspektus. Taip pat analizuojamos specialiųjų įstatymų ir Lietuvos Respublikos viešojo administravimo įstatymo nuostatos, susijusios su juridinių asmenų baudimu
EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS PAGRINDINIŲ TEISIŲ CHARTIJOS TURINIO PAIEŠKOS
Get PDFAs regards the legal content of the Charter, it should be noted that it does not implement fundamental rights that are absolutely new. The content and extent of the fundamental rights, once again reaffirmed in the Charter, arise from constitutional traditions and international obligations common to all Member States, including the ECHR, the case law of the CJEU and the European Court of Human Rights. National courts face difficulties resulting from the application and assurance of the fundamental rights at different levels, i.e. by the Charter, the ECHR, national constitutions and finally by the concept of the fundamental rights as general principles of Union law. Although the European and national concepts of fundamental rights are based on common legal traditions and have to be presumed as compatible, in judicial practice the question arises as to which level a national court has to comply with, or whether the court has to follow the system of fundamental rights that ensures the highest protection of fundamental rights? The Melloni judgment suggests that a national court does not have the right to apply the system that is the most favourable to the person, but has to observe the EU standards of fundamental rights.In practice many national court use the Charter in three main possible ways: as a source of interpretation of national law, direct application of the Charter provisions, and as a means to verify the arguments of the parties to the proceedings. It has to be noted also that in all three cases the Charter may be referred or applied by national courts far beyond the scope of its application, i.e. not necessarily in the field of the application of the EU law or national legislation implementing the latter. These features are also characteristic to the jurisprudence of Lithuanian national courts, in particular the Supreme Administrative Court. Taking them into account, it can be suggested that national courts should refer more often to the Charter as a source of inspiration and the standard of a good practice even in situations not covered by the EU law, unless there is no higher national standard for the protection of fundamental rights.Straipsnyje analizuojama Chartijoje įtvirtintų teisių apimtis ir pagrindinių teisių apsaugą ES valstybių narių ir tarptautiniuose teismuose
RĖMIMASIS PRECEDENTAIS LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS KONSTITUCINIO TEISMO JURISPRUDENCIJOJE
Get PDFThe paper is focused on the question when Constitutional Court’s of the Republic of Lithuania precedents have to be followed and when they should be departed from. The answer is sought in the Court’s explicitly provided principles of the doctrine of precedent and cases where the Court refused to follow its precedential rules. Among these cases, most are the Court’s rulings which dealt with the issue of precedent’s applicability under very similar circumstances. In the majority of them the Court found that precedential rule in the later case had to be departed from. These cases contain several indicators which help to foresee whether the Court will follow precedential rules which it has established in its rulings: that some reasons from the previous decision cannot be used in the later case, while maintaining consistency of entire reasoning; requirements of the rule in the later case are not ignored fully, but are implemented at least to some extent. Also in dealing with the question of precedent’s applicability, it is important to bear in mind, that the Court follows its position on individual cases and position on more common aspects – with regard to that and precedent’s role in the evaluation of the later case, standard of precedent’s applicability may vary. The research leads to a conclusion that in some cases literal application of court’s explicitly formulated reasons would be inconsistent with the court’s doctrine of precedent.Analizuojant Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudenciją, galima matyti, kad teismas yra saistomas savo suformuotos pozicijos konkrečiose atskirose bylose ir pozicijos bendresniais aspektais, tačiau tam tikrais atvejais pažodinis teismo eksplicitiškai suformuluotų taisyklių taikymas neatitiktų šio teismo precedento doktrinos. Tokie atvejai gali būti aptinkami vertinant, inter alia, ar kažkuris iš precedentinio sprendimo motyvų gali būti panaudotas sprendžiamoje byloje, kartu išsaugant motyvų visumos loginį nuoseklumą; ar precedentinės taisyklės keliamų reikalavimų sprendžiamoje byloje yra visiškai nepaisoma, ar jie yra užtikrinami bent iš dalies
ŠALIŲ AUTONOMIJOS IR TEISINGO PROCESO (PRINCIPŲ) ĮTAKA VERTINANT ĮRODYMUS TARPTAUTINIAME ARBITRAŽE
No full textThis article examines the impact of party autonomy and fair hearing on assessment of evidence in international arbitration and in consequence proffers some recommendations as a panacea for the negative impact of these concepts on assessing evidence and their consequences on award. The author is not aware of any previous studies in this area.It was found that evidence is assessed at the stage when parties and their legal representatives are not involved in the process and this has resulted, in some cases, in Arbitral Tribunals oversighting party autonomy and fair hearing. This has led to disruption of arbitration and several awards being set aside with consequent wastage of time and resources.The doctrinal research method was used. As a result this article examined the law in the area as it is and offered a critique in some instances and where appropriate provided an explanation of the law by placing it in a useful theoretical context. Primary sources (legislations, conventions and case–laws) as well as secondary literature in the area were studied in the theoretical and or conceptual dimensions of the articles..