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Деятельность органов местного управления и самоуправления Беларуси по минимизации последствий Чернобыльской катастрофы
Get PDFIn article features of functioning of local governing bodies and self-government of Belarus on minimization of consequences of accident on the Chernobyl NPP are investigated, offers on expansion of competence of the local bodies which are carrying out soy activity on are proved it is radioactive the polluted territories.В статье исследуются особенности функционирования местных органов управления и самоуправления Беларуси в области минимизации последствий катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС, обосновываются предложения по расширению компетенции местных органов, осуществляющих свою деятельность на радиоактивно загрязненных территориях
Vaiko išklausymo reikalavimas šeimos bylose
Get PDFThe article analyses the duty of hearing of the child in parental responsibility cases. It firstly discusses the international, regional and national instruments establishing such duty upon the courts. Then it seeks to define the duty of hearing of the child and its limits. Particular attention is paid to the different practice of states when implementing this child’s right in practice.Straipsnyje tiriama teismų pareiga išklausyti vaiką su juo susijusiuose tėvų ginčuose (bylose dėl tėvų pareigų). Darbe nagrinėjami šią pareigą numatantys tarptautiniai, regioniniai ir nacionaliniai teisės aktai bei analizuojamos juose įtvirtinamos tokios pareigos ribos, be to, daug dėmesio skiriama skirtingai valstybių praktikai aptarti
Administracinio teismo įstatymo projektai tarpukario Lietuvoje
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The very first law under which Lithuanian administrative courts were established was adopted in 1999. However, the predecessors of the Administrative Court (the Commission of Legal Ministerial Advisors, Complaints and Remanding Commission of the Seimas, State Council) were created in the third decade of the 20th century. Notwithstanding this, these authorities could not match the judicial review of public administrators’ activity. Consequently, the first draft laws on the Administrative Court were drafted in the fourth decade. There were over ten of such drafts but only two remained. The goal of the article is to reveal the content and the background of draft laws on the Administrative Court developed in 1932 and 1940, which were found in the Wroblewski Library Manuscript Division.
Summary
The predecessors of the administrative court were created in the third decade of the 20th century in Lithuania. Notwithstanding, these authorities could not match the judicial review of public administrators’ activity. It is noteworthy that sometimes the Senior Tribunal performed the functions of the administrative court and reviewed the legality of administrative acts. However, some laws did not provide the possibility to challenge administrative acts in the courts. That was the main reason to create Law on the Administrative Court of the Republic of Lithuania.
There were a number of attempts to establish judicial review in Lithuania in various laws: in Constitutions, State Council Statute, Law on the Judicial System. Around 10 draft laws on the Administrative Court were prepared by the State Council and the Seimas Commission. However, these attempts were unsuccessful.
The first draft law on the Administrative Court was drafted in 1932 by the State Council. The main proposals of this document were: first, the Administrative Court is an Administrative Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania; second, the Administrative Court disposes general jurisdiction of judicial review of individual or regulatory administrative acts due to the violation of subjective rights of natural or legal person; third, the Administrative Court is the only judicial instance and before bringing an action into court, a plaintiff must go through all lower review processes. The draft law created in 1940 by the Seimas Commission was almost the same but more detailed in the provisions of administrative process, what is more, the Administrative Court was proposed to be a separate judicial body.
The main initiators of the Law on the Administrative Court were two lawyers: member of the State Council, judge of the Senior Tribunal, ad hoc judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice, constitutional and administrative law scholar M. Romeris and Memel Territory Governor, Meyer of Kaunas, member of the Seimas and last Prime Minister A. Merkys.[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Lietuvoje pirmas įstatymas, kurio pagrindu įsteigti administraciniai teismai, buvo priimtas 1999 metais. Tačiau trečiame XX amžiaus dešimtmetyje buvo steigiami administracinio teismo pirmtakai (Ministerijų juriskonsultų komisija, Steigiamojo Seimo skundų ir tardymo komisija, Valstybės Taryba). Vis dėlto šios institucijos negalėjo prilygti teisminei viešosios administracijos veiklos kontrolei. Todėl ketvirtame dešimtmetyje buvo rengiami pirmieji Administracinio teismo įstatymo projektai. Tokių projektų buvo parengta per dešimt, tačiau išlikusių tėra tik du. Šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti 1932 ir 1940 metais parengtų projektų, rastų Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Vrublevskių bibliotekos Rankraščių skyriuje, turinį ir rengimo aplinkybes
Klasės ieškinys kaip bylos šalių daugybiškumo valdymo metodas civiliniame procese
No full text[full article in Russian; abstract in English]
The article is devoted to the definition of the legal nature of class action. The construction of class action is analyzed in the context of a multi-party civil procedure. Having considered the legal regulation of certain types of class action, the author came to the conclusion that the class action is the modified multi-party civil litigation.[straipsnis rusų kalba; santrauka anglų kalba
Konstitucijos 25-mečio fenomenas: subrandinimo veiksniai ir iššūkiai
Get PDFDer 25. Jahrestag der Verfassung der Republik Litauen vom 25. Oktober 1992 bietet uns die Gelegenheit, die Verfassung unter verschiedenen Blickpunkten zu analysieren und uns dabei nicht auf die Nachhaltigkeit und Stabilität dieser besonderen Rechtsvorschrift zu beschränken. Es ist sehr wichtig, auch andere Aspekte dieses Jubiläums zu berücksichtigen, darunter auch diejenigen, die mit Recht als polemisch und problematisch angesehen werden können. Dazu gehören unter anderem auch neue Tendenzen in der Auffassung der litauischen Verfassungsgeschichte wie auch die Gegebenheiten der Rechtssachen, die im Verfassungsgericht verhandelt werden.
Trylikoje straipsnių tvirtai nesuderintos, tačiau parlamento pritarimo sulaukusios ir referendume patvirtintos Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos, kurios tam tikros formuluotės 1996–2006 m. pakito Seimui padarius devynias pataisas, 25-mečio sukaktis – fenomenalus reiškinys. Jis labiausiai sietinas su konstitucionalizmo raida 1988–1992 m. ir Konstitucinio Teismo 1993–2017 m. veikla. Tai analizuotina įvairiais šio ypatingo teisės akto jubiliejinės sukakties veiksnių aspektais, tarp jų tokiais, kurie gali būti argumentuotai laikomi diskutuotinais, atsižvelgiant, be kita ko, į 2017 m. spalį pasireiškusius politinio teisinio stabilumo ar tvarumo iššūkius, t. y. oficialiai patikslintą referendumo dėl Konstitucijos I skirsnyje ribotai numatytų dvigubos pilietybės atvejų išplėtimo neišvengiamumą
Pareiškėjų atsisakymas bendradarbiauti su valstybės institucijomis nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo procese: EŽTT praktika
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The Article discusses the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights related to the applicants’ failure to cooperate with the State authorities in the process of restoration of property rights. In particular, the Article analyzes the role of the applicants’ failure to cooperate with the State authorities justifying the acts or inaction of the State authorities in the process of restoration of property rights under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and Protocol No. 1 thereto.
Seeking to establish whether the applicants’ wish to restore their property rights in a way that is not recognized under the domestic law is protected under the ECHR/Article No. 1 thereto, the Article begins with the analysis of margin of appreciation recognized to the contracting states under the ECHR in the field of restoration of property rights to the property taken from persons in the past (establishing the forms of restoration of property rights in the domestic law). Next, it is noted that the case-law of the ECtHR upholds the right of the State authorities to restore the property rights in a concrete way as established under the domestic law (by paying monetary compensation), when the persons within the time-limits provided for by the domestic law did not express their wish regarding the form in which the property rights could be restored or they expressed their wish regarding the form of restoration of the property rights, however, such a form is not established in the domestic law or it is impossible to restore the property rights in a form as indicated by the persons. The paper presents some conclusions concerning the justification of the length of the process of restoration of property rights under the ECHR/Protocol No. 1 thereto if the applicants themselves contributed to that length by their acts or inaction (e.g., when the applicant had the obligation to act in a concrete way under the domestic law and the State authorities could not finalize the process of restoration of property rights due to the lack of cooperation on the part of the applicant).[straipsnis, santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismo praktika, susijusi su pareiškėjų atsisakymu bendradarbiauti su valstybės institucijomis nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo procese. Konkrečiai straipsnyje analizuojama pareiškėjų atsisakymo bendradarbiauti su valstybės institucijomis reikšmė pateisinant valstybės institucijų veiksmus / neveikimą nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo procese pagal Žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvenciją ir šios konvencijos pirmąjį protokolą
Išankstinio administracinių ginčų nagrinėjimo ne teisme institutas Lietuvoje: specialaus teisinio reguliavimo esminiai aspektai
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In this article, the author analyzes special legal provisions regulating legal administrative out-of-court dispute resolution in the main specific spheres of public administration, seeking to estimate the legal clarity of these provisions and the level of their harmonization with general legal provisions of the pre-trial administrative dispute resolution. The author is trying to investigate the character of special legal regulation particularly in the matter of its position in the hierarchy of law and of different regulative models of placing a dispute to different subjects in binding or facultative stages in order to evaluate both quantitatively and qualitatively the clarity of special regulation with regard to the possibility of ascription of the specific dispute resolution type to the pre-trial administrative process or administrative procedures.
Summary
In Lithuanian legal system, administrative out-of-court dispute resolution is vastly regulated by the provisions of special legislation in separate fields of administrative law. Commonly here the administrative dispute resolution is legally assigned to the administrative bodies performing public administration.
In previous article having examined that, in the provisions of general laws, the legal category of the pre-trial administrative dispute resolution is described especially concisely, providing it should be established by the law, but lacks further qualitative criteria to the whole system and relies on the lawmaking in those specific public administration spheres, now the author continuously seeks to investigate special legal provisions regulating the legal administrative out-of-court dispute resolution. This research is focused on estimating the legal clarity of these provisions and the level of their harmonization with general legal provisions of the pre-trial administrative dispute resolution, and the ascription of the specific dispute resolution type to the latter resolution process, or administrative procedures. Therefore, the author analyzes the character of the specific regulation particularly in the matter of their position in the hierarchy of law and different regulative models of the dispute resolution, according to the clarity of the reference to common provisions, the dispute resolving subjects and the binding or facultative stages of dispute resolution. The analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the special regulation.
The author comes to conclusions that, in various fields of administrative regulation, the specific legal provisions of the administrative dispute resolution are established in sub-statutory legal regulation, which under the principle of legality in all cases should not contradict the statute provisions, inter alia, the statutory provisions, which require that the pre-trial dispute resolution should be established by the law. The vast delegation of legislation in this sphere can potentially and really impose problems of the clarity and certainty of the legal regulation of the pre-trial administrative dispute resolution. The reduction of the delegated legislation, and instead, increasing and expanding the regulation of the pre-trial administrative dispute resolution by general laws would be eligible in order to achieve overall legal clarity and consolidate the legal regulation of the pre-trial administrative dispute resolution. Also, it is concluded that the less part of the researched special legal regulation refers to the general regulation, directly pointing to the category of the pre-trial administrative dispute resolution as described in the Law on Administrative Proceedings or redirecting to the provisions of the latter, or the Laws on Administrative Dispute Commissions and on Public Administration. In most cases, the special provisions are self-contained in assigning the administrative dispute regulation to particular administrative authorities. Hence, the regulative approach in this dominating part of special legislation can be described as the dissociation from the general categories of the pre-trial dispute resolution or administrative procedures. The modeling of the dispute resolution types described by the special legislation showed different combinations of dispute resolution levels by the internal administrative control, general pre-trial in administrative dispute commissions and in court. Most of this special regulation in practice requires systemic legal interpretation because it does not give clear provisions about the nature of the proceedings of the dispute resolution. As the pre-trial administrative dispute resolution is not sufficiently regulated in positive law, the main role in clarifying its general and special provisions lies in court jurisprudence.[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje analizuojamos administracinių ginčų nagrinėjimą ne teisme reguliuojančios specialiųjų teisės aktų normos, siekiant įvertinti jų aiškumą ir sąsajumą su ikiteisminio administracinių ginčų nagrinėjimo bendrojo teisinio reguliavimo nuostatomis. Nagrinėjant minėtų specialiųjų normų pobūdį teisės hierarchijos požiūriu ir nustatant šiuo reguliavimu įtvirtinto administracinių aktų apskundimo tvarkos reguliavimo modelius pagal subjektus ir apskundimo etapus bei jų privalomumą, kiekybiniu ir kokybiniu požiūriu vertinamas šių specialių teisinių nuostatų aiškumas jose nustatytos apskundimo tvarkos priskirtinumo ikiteisminei ginčų nagrinėjimo tvarkai ar administracinei procedūrai požiūriu
Taikytina teisė tarptautinio paveldėjimo byloje
Get PDFFrom the 17 August 2015 in the EU member states, except Denmark, UK and Ireland, there is applied regulation No 650/2012, which establishes legal rules on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and acceptance and enforcement of authentic instruments and on the creation of a European Certificate of Succession in the matters of intercountry succession. As the substantive succession law of the EU member states still holds a lot of differences, in the cases of intercocuntry succession it becomes very important to determine applicable law not only when the succession is already opened but also before it, when the testator is still alive and plans its estate post mortem. In the article there are overviewed the legal rules on applicable law before the application of regulation No 650/2012 and the changes brought by regulation, such as the unity of the succession, common connecting factor – last habitual residence of de cujus and possibility for testator to choose applicable law (profesio iuris). Also in the article there is analized the content of the applicable law, its coherance with other related matters and the legal instruments regulating them and also the newest practice of CJEU. The purpose of this article is to reveal the changes in determining the applicable law in intercountry succession cases and its benefits and challanges for interested parties.Nuo 2015 m. rugpjūčio 17 d. ES valstybėse narėse, išskyrus Daniją, JK ir Airiją, yra taikomas reglamentas Nr. 650/2012, nustatantis jurisdikcijos, taikytinos teisės parinkimo, teismo sprendimų ir autentiškų dokumentų pripažinimo ir vykdymotaisykles bei Europos paveldėjimo pažymėjimą tarptautinio paveldėjimo bylose. Kadangi ES valstybių narių materialioji paveldėjimo teisė turi nemažai skirtumų, tarptautinio paveldėjimo atveju yra svarbu nustatyti taikytiną teisę ne tik jau atsiradusiems paveldėjimo santykiams, bet dar ir palikėjui gyvam esant planuojant savo nuosavybės pomirtinį paskirstymą. Straipsnyje aptariamos taikytinos teisės nustatymo taisyklės iki reglamento Nr. 650/2012 taikymo pradžios ir reglamentu įtvirtinti tokie pokyčiai: paveldėjimo vieningumo principas, bendras jungiamasis kriterijus – palikėjo paskutinė įprastinė gyvenamoji vieta ir galimybė pačiam palikėjui pasirinkti taikytiną teisę (profesio iuris). Taip pat straipsnyje yra analizuojamas paveldėjimui taikytinos teisės turinys, jo santykis su kitais susijusiais klausimais ir juos reglamentuojančiais teisės instrumentais bei naujausia ESTT praktika. Šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti taikytinos teisės nustatymo tarptautinio paveldėjimo bylose pokyčius bei jų naudą ir iššūkius suinteresuotoms šalims
Pareiškėjo sąžiningumas ir nesąžiningumas restitucijos procese: Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismo praktika
No full text[full article, abstract in Lithuanian; only abstract in English]
The Article examines the case-law of the ECtHR related to the good or bad faith of the applicant in the context of the restoration of ownership rights to the property nationalized in the past.[straipsnis, santrauka anglų kalba; santrauka lietuvių kalba]
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismo praktika bylose, kuriose keliamas pareiškėjo sąžiningumo ar nesąžiningumo nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo į praeityje nacionalizuotą nuosavybę kontekste klausimas.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama EŽTT praktika bylose, kuriose keliamas pareiškėjo sąžiningumo ar nesąžiningumo nuosavybės teisių atkūrimo į praeityje nacionalizuotą nuosavybę kontekste klausimas. Visų pirma straipsnyje apibūdinami veiksniai, reikšmingi EŽTT nustatant asmens sąžiningumą ar nesąžiningumą nuosavybės įgijimo metu. Toliau tiriama, ar EŽTT palaiko nacionalinių institucijų poziciją vertinant pareiškėjo sąžiningumą tokiose bylose. Galiausiai straipsnyje palyginama sąžiningų ir nesąžiningų pareiškėjų teisių apsauga pagal Žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvenciją
Finansinės apskaitos ir audito teisinis reguliavimas kaip viešųjų finansų teisės institutas
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The article reveals that legal regulation of financial accounting and audit must be defined (and separated) as self-dependent, separated and no doubt very important legal institute of public finance law. There are concrete arguments disclosed validating the resolution to define this legal institute as self-dependent and very important legal institute of public finance law.
As a consequence, the purpose of this article is to prove that legal regulation of financial accounting and audit is self-dependent legal institute of public finance law.
The object of this article is disclosure of legal regulation of financial accounting and audit in the view of public finance law.
Performed analysis of problematical questions discloses that legal regulation of financial accounting and audit shall be described as system of international, EU, national and local (adopted by entity) sources of law which has the characteristic for permanent development (renewal, addition) of legal norms. Consequently, the trend is observed that this system is liable to detailed legal regulation of specific legal relations of public finance.
The article reveals that main features of basic concepts of law (positive law, legal realism, natural law) are identified in legal regulation of financial accounting and audit as, no doubt, this legal institution can be defined (and separated) as self-dependent, separated and very important legal institute of public finance law. Main features are clear creation of legal sources; formally described legal norms; the core of legal regulation - legal norms of legal behavior; system of legal norms; forcible nature; reflexion and dynamics of legal norms; efficiency of legal norms coming from legal realism (development of case-court practice); verification of the mainstream of value-system by which concrete legal norms must follow (verification of operation of generally accepted financial accounting principles).
This scientific research reveals that articles main legal arguments, why legal regulation of financial accounting and audit must be defined (and separated) as self-dependent, separated and very important legal institute of public finance law, allow to identify main features of legal institute of public finance law: 1) legal regulation of financial accounting and audit regulates specific social relations; 2) these legal norms have social importance; 3) there are concrete, special, self-dependent sources of law applied only for this legal institution; 4) the main legal regulation method is dispositive method, although there can be found imperative method.[straipsnis, santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Straipsnyje atskleidžiama, kad finansinės apskaitos ir audito teisinį reguliavimą būtina išskirti kaip atskirą, savarankišką ir neabejotinai svarbų viešųjų finansų teisės institutą. Taip pat pateikiama konkrečių argumentų minėtam institutui išskirti