Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika
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The Relational Approach and the Family
Get PDFThe article is an illustration, from a sociological viewpoint, of the epistemological and methodological scope of the relational approach to the study of the family. From this perspective (Section 1), the family can be identified as a social relationship of full reciprocity between sexes 1 and generations, to be neither replaced nor confused with anything else (family genome), thus highlighting the advantages of the relational approach compared to other contemporary approaches, defined as relationist/relationistic. Section 2 focuses on the Added Value of the Relational Method from logical, methodological and empirical levels. The main traits of the family research are to consider the family as a unicum and its relational and historical nature. The AGIL scheme helps to analyse the family as a suigeneris relationship by identifying its constitutive resources (A), aims (G), norms (I) and latent cultural model (L)
Media and political agenda setting: the case of mental health policy in Lithuania
Get PDFMedia has a very specific role in forming agenda of mental health policy. In their reports, journalists directly question systemic issues, trajectories of the mental health policy and respective legislation. Media also acts as a mediator between citizens and politicians rendering understanding to the latter that their electorate is scared and supports increasing means of guardianship and control. Finally, media can ignore important outcomes of mental health policy. This strategy gives an account that mental health issues are of low importance and public scrutiny is not needed. The data for the context and content analysis derived from two main sources: online news webpage (time frame covers year 2000–2011, 1353 cases) and Parliament records of official proceedings (year 1990–2010, 567 cases). Media discourse proved to have a significant influence on political agenda, since in most cases political discussions on the topic of mental health were referred to media sources. Research data suggests that media coverage as well as the political debates on mental health are characterised by general stagnation, superficial understanding and stereotypical attitudes. This overall pattern was breached during the period of 2004–2006 which was marked by significant international events, namely the EU entrance and adoption of the Mental Health Declaration for Europe. During this period the policy of mental health received considerable attention in the media, decreased media articles related to criminalisation of mental health. The research identified major players that were able to break the vicious circle in the media and political discourse around the marginalised and stigmatised subject
The Deinstitutionalization of Lithuanian Mental Health Services in Light of the Evidence-based Practice and Principles of Global Mental Health
Get PDFDuring this time, in which Lithuania is going through the deinstitutionalization of its mental health services, the principles of Global Mental Health are especially relevant. This global field for study, research and practice places a priority on improving mental health outcomes as well as reducing respective inequities for all people worldwide. Scaling-up support services for persons who have mental health problems based on both scientific evidence and human rights has become one of the main focuses for action globally, and the key principles of Global Mental Health apply to the situation in Lithuania as much as they do in a number of other countries. This article explores the critical need to effectively reform the existing mental health care system in the country, which in its current form often results in human rights violations. It points to the idea, based on the global evidence base, that different Lithuanian authorities and other key stakeholders could start working together in an intersectoral way in order to reorganize mental health services from institutional to community-based models of care. It is suggested by this article that a sensible, local application of the broad key principles of Global Mental Health could be a mature and rational step taken by Lithuania. This has the potential to be a major step toward the improvement of human rights and mental health outcomes in the country
Young People’s Voice: The First Visiting Advocacy Project in Italian Residential Care for Children
Get PDFThis article presents the research of the project Giving Young People a Voice: Advocacy in Children’s Homes, set up as a result of the interest of a nonprofit organization working with looked-after children, with an aim to improve advocacy as a listening process and to promote the participation of children that reside in children’s homes. The research focused on the implementation of a visiting advocacy project and the activities carried out by an independent advocate working in children’s homes. The children’s evaluation of the project was collected by two focus groups; interviews were conducted with social care workers and the manager of the organization. This research deals with the implementation of the first visiting advocacy project in the context of the Italian child protection system
Vidutinė tikėtina gyvenimo trukmė tarpukario Lietuvoje
Get PDFLife expectancy (e°x) is now considered one of the most valid and reliable measures of well-being, used for its cross-country and cross-time comparisons. The first complete life tables, which are necessary tools for the calculation of life expectancy, were published for Lithuania (for restricted use only) in 1963, covering the time period of 1958–1959. Since the 1970s, paleodemographic studies flourished in this country, conducted using osteological evidence. As a result, we now have better knowledge of the life expectancy in Lithuania during the middle iron (5–7th centuries AD) or late medieval ages than in during the 20th century (i.e., before 1958–1959). In fact, the only single calculation for this period was produced in 1966 by Antanas Merčaitis in his unpublished PhD dissertation, referring to the life expectancy of 1925–1926. As defined in his life tables, e°0 = 50, 25 years for the total population (males – 48.58; females – 51.89 years). This paper presents life tables for 1925 and 1932, constructed using a different method and disclosing an increasing life expectancy. In accordance with the present calculation, for the total population, e°0 = 48.72 years (males – 47.12; females – 50.27 years) in 1925. By 1932, e°0 = 52.07 for the total population (males – 50.43, females – 53.62 years). The paper closes with a comparison of life expectancies in Lithuania and other European countries during the interwar period.Vidutinė gyvenimo trukmė (VTGT, arba e°x) šiuo metu laikoma vienu iš patikimiausių gerovės rodiklių, naudojamų jos tarptautiniams skirtumams ir pokyčiams per tam tikrą laiką palyginti. Pirmos išsamios mirtingumo lentelės, reikalingos vidutinei tikėtinai gyvenimo trukmei (VTGT) apskaičiuoti, Lietuvoje buvo išleistos (vien „tarnybiniam naudojimui“) tik 1963 m. ir apėmė 1958–1959 m. laikotarpį. Nuo praėjusio amžiaus aštuntojo dešimtmečio išsiplėtė osteologine medžiaga pagrįsti senovės Lietuvos gyventojų paleodemografiniai tyrimai. Šiuo metu apie Lietuvos gyventojų VTGT viduriniajame geležies amžiuje (V–VII a. po Kr.) ir vėlyvaisiais viduramžiais žinome daugiau negu XX amžiuje (iki 1958–1959 m.), nes tėra vienas šio laikotarpio VTGT skaičiavimas, kurį 1966 m. apgintoje disertacijoje pateikė Antanas Merčaitis: 1925–1926 m.visų Lietuvos gyventojų e°0 = 50, 25 metų (vyrų – 48,58; moterų – 51,89). Naudojant kitokį metodą, straipsnyje pateikiami nauji VTGT Lietuvoje 1925 m. ir 1932 m. skaičiavimai (mirtingumo lentelės), rodantys per šį laikotarpį vykusią gerovės pažangą. 1925 m. visų Lietuvos gyventojųe°0 = 48,72 metai (vyrų – 47,12; moterų – 50,27). 1932 m. VTGT padidėjo iki e°0 = 52,07 metų visų gyventojų, 50,43 vyrų ir 53,62 moterų. Straipsnis baigiamas VTGT Lietuvoje ir kitose tarpukario Europos šalyse palyginimu
Inovacijos socialines paslaugas teikiančiose nevyriausybinėse organizacijose
Get PDFStraipsnio tikslas – remiantis apsibrėžta teorine inovatyvumo koncepcija išanalizuoti, kaip nevyriausybinės organizacijos, dirbančios socialinių paslaugų srityje, vertina savo inovatyvumą. Straipsnio įvadinėje dalyje analizuojama inovacijų samprata, aptariami technologinių, vadybinių ir socialinių inovacijų skirtumai, metodinėje dalyje aptariami organizacijų savęs vertinimo metodo ypatumai. Empirinio tyrimo rezultatų dalyje aptariama, kaip pačios NVO vertina savo inovatyvumą, kokias inovacijas jos kuria ir kokius veiksnius mano esant svarbiausius inovacijoms kurti
Does History Conquer Love? The Good of the Family and the Gift of Self
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to show how the modern liberal view of marriage as a temporary association contracted by two equal and autonomous individuals overrides and obscures an essential anthropological truth of the human person. Specifically, a reduction of marriage to the level of a purely historical good results in the obfuscation of the gift-like character of human existence and in the subordination of nuptial love to a mere “means” in service of some extrinsic, impersonal goal. Only a more robust anthropological vision, informed by categories of man’s filial and nuptial existence, is able to secure a historical order that can be a genuine “end” of indefatigable love unto itself. Only by attending to the paradoxical character of God creating man in his image as “male” and “female” does history avoid becoming an order of mere chronological or biological succession, and only thus does the rationale and gratuitousness of an indissoluble sacrament of marriage come to be seen as indispensable for preserving and promoting the dignity of historical ma
Social Policy: From the Death of Welfare State to the State “Nameless”. An historic overview of Social Policies in South and Eastern Countries
Get PDFSocial policies play an important role in social systems organisation and in the definition of Social Work strategy within the public life. Understanding the diverse rationalities that embody State and Governments rhetoric and real action is the main goal of this article, highly centred in Social Policies and their paradoxical procedures in social and personal well being. We argue that in most South and Eastern Countries coexists a different form of governance and of public responses to the social needs which led to a difficulty in understanding actual ideology that defines social policies measures and intends. This analysis can’t be done disentailed of an analysis how the different political forms of State have influenced the features and the goals of social policies understood as a sector of public policy