Respectus Philologicus
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Determinanty składni ad sensum i ad formam w zdaniach z podmiotem szeregowym
Full text linkThe syntax of the serial subject in contemporary Polish poses many problems, especially in the normative context. Many publications emphasize that a verb predicate should be agreed upon based on real-meaning syntax – regardless of the features of the members of the series and the order (e.g. Stół i / lub / czy taboret stały obok siebie vs. Obok siebie stały stół i / lub / czy taboret), and only exceptionally the form of the personal word may be adapted to the nearest segment. However, as evidenced by empirical studies, such an approach is inconsistent with the actual state of affairs. Only in individual cases does the linguistic custom allow for an almost non-exceptional ad sensum syntax (Mąż i żona siedzieli naprzeciwko), and so many examples illustrating the ad formam syntax can be found (Nie Janek, ale Basia czytała najlepiej). There are even more sentences with a variant adaptation (Siedzą / siedzi naprzeciwko mąż i żona). The article lists all the tested series types that determine the real-meaning and formal-grammatical syntax, and they are formally and structurally characterized. Examples of series illustrating the accommodative variability are given as a kind of cliché. The presented material can be treated as a voice in the discussion on prescriptive comments on the syntax of the serialized subject, formulated in corrective publications.Składnia podmiotu szeregowego we współczesnej polszczyźnie nastręcza wielu problemów, zwłaszcza w kontekście normatywnym. W wielu wydawnictwach podkreśla się, że orzeczenie czasownikowe winno być uzgadniane na zasadzie składni realnoznaczeniowej – niezależnie od cech członów szeregu i szyku (np. Stół i / lub / czy taboret stały obok siebie vs. Obok siebie stały stół i / lub / czy taboret), a tylko wyjątkowo forma słowa osobowego może być dostosowana do najbliższego członu. Jednak, jak dowodzą badania empiryczne, takie podejście jest niezgodne ze stanem faktycznym. W rzeczywistości bowiem tylko w jednostkowych wypadkach zwyczaj językowy dopuszcza niemal bezwyjątkową składnię ad sensum (Mąż i żona siedzieli naprzeciwko), zaś o wiele więc znaleźć można przykładów ilustrujących składnię ad formam (Nie Janek, ale Basia czytała najlepiej). Jeszcze więcej zaś występuje zdań z dostosowaniem wariantywnym (Siedzą / siedzi naprzeciwko mąż i żona). W artykule wyliczono wszystkie zbadane typy szeregów, które determinują składnię realnoznaczeniową oraz formalnogramatyczną, scharakteryzowano je formalnie i strukturalnie. Jako swoistą kliszę zamieszczono przykłady szeregów ilustrujących wariantywność akomodacyjną. Przedstawiony materiał można potraktować jak głos w dyskusji na temat preskryptywnych uwag dotyczących składni podmiotu szeregowego, formułowanych w wydawnictwach poprawnościowych
Emily Dickinson in the Work of Polish Translators. Continuation of Research
Full text linkThis article deals with the Polish translation of Emily Dickinson’s poetry and correspondence. It is a continuation of the reflection in The Emily Dickinson Journal’s pages, which started in 2022. This time we present translations of Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna, Andrzej Szuba, Krystyna Lenkowska, Ryszard Mierzejewski, Tadeusz Sławek, Teresa Pelka, Artur Międzyrzecki, Lilla Latus, Agnieszka Osiecka, Agnieszka Kreczmar and Ewa Kuryluk. We discuss a selection of Dickinson’s letters translated by Danuta Piestrzyńska. We emphasize the characteristic features of each of the discussed translations. Although Iłłakowiczówna discovered Dickinson for Polish readers, her translations are perceived as archaic. Szuba mainly translates aphoristic texts. Lenkowska makes an effort to be faithful to the original. The newest translators introduce Poles to unknown poems and make new translations of the texts previously rendered into Polish
Contesting Ukrainian Nationhood: Literary Translation and the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
Full text linkThe use of literary translations as an ideological weapon in the Cold War era has received considerable attention from translation scholars. However, the same tendency in today’s world remains underestimated, and research tends to be limited to political and media discourse. This paper examines the use of literary translations in the contemporary RF for contesting Ukrainian nationhood, fueling anti-Ukrainian sentiment and providing public support for the Russian military aggression against Ukraine. The research combines analysis of translated texts with examining factors that influence (non)translation and reception of works highlighting Russian-Ukrainian relations. The study focuses on translations of works by Taras Shevchenko, Nikolay Gogol and Oksana Zabuzhko and the Russian public debate concerning the role of literary translations in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict
The Persuasive Function of the Title as a “Movere” Tool in Journalistic Film Reviews
Full text link Based on theories in pragmatics, rhetoric, argumentation and discourse analysis, the genre of “journalistic film review”, relatively little examined, has been analysed in this paper as a discourse reflecting a justified assessment. Our analysis, presented as a case study, concerns the persuasive function of the titles of 53 French and francophone film reviews. In this analysis, the act of persuasion, anchored in Perelman’s (1971) concept of argumentation, corresponds to the rhetorical structure of public discourse. For the act of persuasion, we focus on discursive and stylistic parameters related to the rhetorical principle of “movere” as the basis of the film review’s deliberative (advisory and justifying) dimension. The role of this dimension is to invite the addressee to co-create the meaning of the discourse through the process of co-schematisation, implemented with the help of emotional argumentation in the form of appraisive and affective lexemes. These stylistic devices also constitute a mechanism of persuasion typical of advertising discourse
Negative Connotations of the “Russian World” Concept against the Backdrop of the Russian-Ukrainian War 2022
Full text linkFor a long time, the idea of the so-called “Russian world”, a civilization united according to linguistic, ethnocultural, and religious principles, has been the subject of numerous interdisciplinary studies. It is primarily due to the aggravation of the geopolitical situation in the sphere of Russian influence, such as Ukraine. Existing studies are devoted to historical, cultural, and philosophical aspects. However, there are still not enough linguistic ones since there is still no single definition of the essence of this phenomenon and the features of its functioning in various discourses. Today, in the scientific space, there are three main theoretical approaches to understanding the “Russian world” – civilizational, geopolitical, and religious. In this study, the task is to conceptualize the presented “Russian world” notion as well as to identify newly developed connotations in connection with the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict of 2022, utilizing semantic analysis, component, and contextual analysis methods. The media texts of the Russian-language Ukrainian media were used as the material of the study, reflecting the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and mentioning the “Russian world” concept. The study showed that the “Russian world” concept had acquired numerous negative connotations, such as “war, destruction, death”
Henriko Nagio gyvenimo ir kūrybos sampynos „Dienoraštyje“
Full text linkThe article discusses the “Diary” (1944–1946) by Henrikas Nagys (1920–1996), а diaspora poet, translator, literary critic, a member of a movement of zemininkai-lankininkai and Doctor of Humanities, as one of the objects of ego-documentary heritage, kept in the Maironis Museum of Lithuanian Literature. It records the period of one post-war year, which became a decisive turning point for his generation. Applying the descriptive and interpretive methods of analysis of the archival material, the philosophical, existential and personal aspects that have formed in the writer‘s mind are revealed; the historical, social and cultural context is assessed, revealing the value criteria of the generation. Via texts, the scenario of Henrik Nagys’ personality becomes clearer. The diary text in scientific discourse is revealed for the first time.Straipsnyje aptariamas išeivijos poeto, vertėjo, literatūros kritiko, žemininko-lankininko humanitarinių mokslų daktaro Henriko Nagio (1920–1996) vienas iš egodokumentinio paveldo objektų – „Dienoraštis“ (1944–1946), saugomas Maironio lietuvių literatūros muziejuje. Jame užfiksuotas vienerių pokario metų, tapusių lemiamu lūžiu jo kartai, laikotarpis. Taikant archyvinės medžiagos analizės, aprašomąjį ir interpretacinį metodus, atskleidžiami rašytojo sąmonėje besiformuojantys filosofiniai, egzistenciniai ir asmeniniai aspektai, veriasi istorinis, socialinis, kultūrinis kontekstas, išryškėja vertybiniai kartos kriterijai. Per tekstus aiškėja Henriko Nagio asmenybės tapsmo scenarijus. Dienoraščio tekstas moksliniame diskurse praskleidžiamas pirmą kartą
The Genesis of Yi’an Style (易安體) in Medieval Chinese Poetry
Full text linkThis article deals with the genesis of Yi’an style (易安體), the poetic style of the outstanding Chinese female poet of the Song dynasty Li Qingzhao (李清照, 1084–1155?). The empirical material for this research is her extant early 22 ci (1098–1108). The first part of the article briefly discusses the specific features of ci genre, which reached its heyday during the Song dynasty (宋朝, 960–1279). The second part examines the peculiar features of Li Qingzhao’s early ci, which indicate her pushing the limits of writing traditional Chinese poetry. These features are 1) modification of the classical themes and images; 2) introduction of love and erotic ci from a female perspective; 3) experiments with the composition of ci and their rhythmic and melodic structure. She introduced the lyric element into conventional ci, composing the poems with strong personal engagement. Her genre innovations lie in overcoming the limits and conventions of the genre, legitimating the Self of a poet in her distinctive personal style – Yi’an style
