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State of the art of particle emissions in thermal spraying and other high energy processes based on metal powders
No full textInternational audienceThermal spray is a high energy-based process, like additive manufacturing and powder atomization, leading to fine particle emission. But there is little information about these nanoparticles and their characteristics: workers’ exposure, filtration efficiency, dustiness. This paper aims to update the knowledge of the thermal spray community, to focus on thermal spraying and to a lesser degree on powder atomization and additive manufacturing technology, regarding emissions due to the high energy-based process. The three processes are presented before introducing an updated survey of thermal spray activities in France. The main thermal spray equipment is wire arc and plasma spraying. The main metal used is Al and Ni. The paper also highlights the lack of knowledge among workers on thermal spray emissions. Most workers are not made aware of collective protection (emission filtration equipment used) and personal protection (PPE). A complete bibliographical review is presented on the problem of ultrafine particle emissions mainly for the thermal spray process. Ultrafine particles are always characterized inside a working environment. The objective of this article is to list all publications related to ultrafine particle emissions around the working environment of a thermal spray process to raise awareness of the academic and industrial communities about the actual risks associated with this exposure. Finally, the authors are looking at the list of dust filtration equipment by presenting their advantages and disadvantages for particle filtration
Resilience of Dreissena polymorpha in wastewater effluent: Use as a bioremediation tool?
No full textInternational audienc
Study on the sorption of Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds onto soil: towards a better human health risk-oriented remediation of PAH-contaminated sites
No full textInternational audienc
Response of PM chemical composition to COVID-19 lockdown in Paris (France)
No full textInternational audienc
Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production
No full textInternational audiencePulmonary exposure to micro- and nanoscaled particles has been widely linked to adverse health effects and high concentrations of respirable particles are expected to occur within and around many industrial settings. In this study, a field-measurement campaign was performed at an industrial manufacturer, during the production of paints. Spatial and personal measurements were conducted and results were used to estimate the mass flows in the facility and the airborne particle release to the outdoor environment. Airborne particle number concentration (1 x 10(3)-1.0 x 10(4) cm(-3)), respirable mass (0.06-0.6 mg m(-3)), and PM10 (0.3-6.5 mg m(-3)) were measured during pouring activities. In overall; emissions from pouring activities were found to be dominated by coarser particles >300 nm. Even though the raw materials were not identified as nanomaterials by the manufacturers, handling of TiO2 and clays resulted in release of nanometric particles to both workplace air and outdoor environment, which was confirmed by TEM analysis of indoor and stack emission samples. During the measurement period, none of the existing exposure limits in force were exceeded. Particle release to the outdoor environment varied from 6 to 20 g ton(-1) at concentrations between 0.6 and 9.7 mg m(-3) of total suspended dust depending on the powder. The estimated release of TiO2 to outdoors was 0.9 kg per year. Particle release to the environment is not expected to cause any major impact due to atmospheric dilution
Are Grimmia Mosses Good Biomonitors for Urban Atmospheric Metallic Pollution? Preliminary Evidence from a French Case Study on Cadmium
No full textInternational audienceAssessment of human exposure to atmospheric metals is a challenge, and mosses seem to be good biomonitors to help this purpose. Lacking roots, they are easy to collect and analyze. However, to our knowledge, no formal comparison was made between cadmium (Cd) measurements in Grimmia mosses and alternative forecasts of atmospheric Cd pollution as those produced by the CHIMERE chemistry transport model. This work aims at studying this link to improve further biomonitoring. We compare 128 Cd measurements in the cemetery mosses of Paris and Lyon metropolitan areas (France) to CHIMERE Cd atmospheric forecasts. The area to consider around the cemetery for the CHIMERE forecasts has been defined by Kendall rank correlations between both information sources—Cd in mosses and CHIMERE Cd forecasts—from different area sizes. Then, we fit linear models to those two data sets including step-by-step different sources of uncertainty. Finally, we calculate moss predictions to compare predictions and measurements in the two cities. The results show an apparent link between the Cd concentrations in mosses and CHIMERE Cd forecasts including in addition the same unique covariate, the moss support (grave or wall), in the two cities. However, this model cannot be directly transposed from region to region because the strength of the link appears to be regional
Individual Exposure to Environmental Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Hospitalized Preterm Neonates
No full textInternational audienc
Influence du changement climatique sur les carrières souterraines potentiellement submersibles : mesures in situ dans la carrière de Château Landon (77)
No full textNational audienc
Panorama des ondes non ionisantes électromagnétiques (ONIE) et de leurs principaux usages
No full textNational audienceElectromagnetic fields have several applications, some of them well known to the public. These applications, especially in radiocommunications, have a function of information conveyed by the waves. Other applications have a narrow scope in industry or medicine. Several forms of technology put to use the energy function (heat) of radiofrequency waves or microwaves. To bring to light some surprising phenomena, new mechanisms of interaction have to be introduced between electromagnetic fields and living organisms, thus opening new horizons for technological developments. This requires bold research and sustained support from imaginative industrialists with a long-term vision and strategy.Il existe de nombreuses applications des champs électromagnétiques. Certaines sont bien connues du grand public. Elles utilisent une fonction informationnelle transportée par les ondes, notamment dans le domaine des radios et télécommunications. D’autres sont plus des applications de niche, industrielles ou médicales. De nombreuses technologies utilisent la fonction énergétique de chauffage par ondes radiofréquences (ou micro-ondes). La mise en évidence de certains phénomènes surprenants exige l’introduction de nouveaux mécanismes d’interaction entre le champ électromagnétique et le vivant, ce qui ouvre de nouveaux horizons à des développements technologiques et nécessite des travaux de recherche audacieux et un soutien dans la durée de la part d’industriels visionnaires porteurs d’une stratégie à long terme