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Aquaref – Quel positionnement pour un laboratoire national de référence pour la surveillance des milieux aquatiques ?
No full textNational audienceFor fifteen years, Aquaref has been part of the French and European landscape for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Has the implementation of Aquaref met the needs? What is its positioning in the near future and for the post-WFD period? What are the operational limits of Aquaref and how to overcome them? The symposium organized in 2017 for the ten years of action of this consortium highlighted a balance sheet considered very positive and proposed clear avenues of evolution to ensure the sustainability of this system.Depuis quinze ans, Aquaref fait partie du paysage français et européen pour la mise en œuvre de la directive cadre européenne sur l’eau (DCE). La mise en place d’Aquaref a-t-elle répondu aux besoins ? Quel positionnement dans un futur proche et pour l’après-DCE ? Quels sont les limites opérationnelles d’Aquaref et comment les dépasser ? Le colloque organisé en 2017 pour les dix ans d’action de ce consortium a mis en évidence un bilan jugé très positif et proposé des voies d’évolution claires pour assurer la pérennité de ce dispositif
In vitro dioxin- and PAH-like activities of primary vs secondary residential pellet vs log wood stove emissions
No full textInternational audienceWood combustion used for residential heating purposes is a significant contributor to local air pollution. It releases large amounts of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere. While the characterization of primary emissions is well documented, few studies have investigated the atmospheric fate of the emissions from residential heating appliances and the subsequent secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. This is even more true in the case of pellet wood stoves by comparison to log wood stoves (Bertrand et al., 2017). The species contributing to the toxic potential of these primary or secondary particle emissions are still relatively unknown. If the toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (nitro- and oxy-PAHs) associated to the emitted PM is largely recognized, their quantification is rather limited and often not representative of the whole mixture toxic potential. In this context, the use of integrative tools based on biological responses (in vitro mechanism-based cellular bioassays) seems relevant to better evaluate the overall biologically active chemical aerosol mixture (Eichbaum et al., 2014). The main objective of this work was to assess and compare, using in vitro mechanism-based bioassays, biological responses of the primary and secondary emissions obtained from both, a log wood and a pellet stove
Limites associées à l’utilisation des logiciels basés sur les modèles de Johnson et Ettinger ou Volasoil et possibilités d’améliorations
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Propriété et responsabilité des cavités abandonnées d’origines naturelle et anthropique
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: Environ Res
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Although the genetic and hormonal risk factors of breast cancer are well identified, they cannot fully explain the occurrence of all cases. Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that exposure to environmental pollutants, especially those with potential estrogenic properties, as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may have a role in breast cancer development. Being the most abundantly detected in human tissues and in the environment, congener 153 (PCB153) is widely used in epidemiological studies as indicator for total PCBs exposure. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate the association between cumulative atmospheric exposure to PCB153 and breast cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 5,222 cases and 5,222 matched controls nested within the French E3N cohort from 1990 to 2011. Annual atmospheric PCB153 concentrations were simulated with the deterministic chemistry-transport model (CHIMERE) and were assigned to women using their geocoded residential history. Their cumulative PCB153 exposure was calculated for each woman from their cohort inclusion to their index date. Breast cancer odds ratios (ORs) associated with cumulative PCB153 exposure and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using multivariate conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: Overall, our results showed a statistically significant linear increase in breast cancer risk related to cumulative atmospheric exposure to PCB153 as a continuous variable (adjusted OR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.31 for an increment of one standard deviation among controls (55 pg/m(3))). Among women who became postmenopausal during follow-up, the association remained statistically significant (adjusted OR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.09-1.39). In analyses by hormone receptors status, the positive association remained significant only for ER-positive breast cancer (adjusted OR=1.18; 95% CI: 1.05-1.33). DISCUSSION: This study is the first to have estimated the impact of atmospheric exposure to PCB153 on breast cancer risk. Our results showed a statistically significant increase in breast cancer risk, which may be limited to ER-positive breast cancer. These results warrant confirmation in further independent studies but raise the possibility that exposure to PCB153 increase breast cancer risk
Response of atmospheric composition to COVID-19 lockdown measures during spring in the Paris region (France)
No full textInternational audienceSince early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to lockdowns at national scales. These lockdowns resulted in large cuts of atmospheric pollutant emissions, notably related to the vehicular traffic source, especially during spring 2020. As a result, air quality changed in manners that are still currently under investigation. The robust quantitative assessment of the impact of lockdown measures on ambient concentrations is however hindered by weather variability. In order to circumvent this difficulty, an innovative methodology has been developed. The Analog Application for Air Quality (A3Q) method is based on the comparison of each day of lockdown to a group of analog days having similar meteorological conditions. The A3Q method has been successfully evaluated and applied to a comprehensive in situ dataset of primary and secondary pollutants obtained at the SIRTA observatory, a suburban background site of the megacity of Paris (France). The overall slight decrease of submicron particulate matter (PM1) concentrations (-14g%) compared to business-as-usual conditions conceals contrasting behaviors. Primary traffic tracers (NOx and traffic-related carbonaceous aerosols) dropped by 42g%-66g% during the lockdown period. Further, the A3Q method enabled us to characterize changes triggered by NOx decreases. Particulate nitrate and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), two of the main springtime aerosol components in northwestern Europe, decreased by -45g% and -25g%, respectively. A NOx relationship emphasizes the interest of NOx mitigation policies at the regional (i.e., city) scale, although long-range pollution advection sporadically overcompensated for regional decreases. Variations of the oxidation state of SOA suggest discrepancies in SOA formation processes. At the same time, the expected ozone increase (+20g%) underlines the negative feedback of NO titration. These results provide a quasi-comprehensive observation-based insight for mitigation policies regarding air quality in future low-carbon urban areas
Monitoring of 53 contaminants of emergent concern: occurrence in effluents, sludges, and surface waters upstream and downstream of 7 wastewater treatment plants
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