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Pertinence de la filière plantes aromatiques pour la production d'huiles essentielles dans Le phytomanagement des sols pollués Brownfield Academy, Visions convergentes : Mobiliser les friches pour accroître la résilience de nos sociétés
No full textInternational audienc
Mobilisation de la FRB par les pouvoirs publics français sur les liens entre Covid-19 et biodiversité
No full textAUTRE = Experts sollicitésL’épidémie COVID-19 pose de nombreuses questions. Quels sont les liens de cette crise sanitaire avec la faune sauvage, quels sont ses liens avec l’érosion de la biodiversité que le dernier rapport de l’Ipbes a souligné, quels sont ses liens avec certains systèmes de production alimentaire et plus généralement avec l’anthropisation de la planète ? Pour les éclairer sur ces sujets, les pouvoirs publics se sont tournés vers la recherche
Phosphorus removal from wastewater by carbonated bauxite residue under aerobic and anoxic conditions
No full textInternational audienceThis study aimed at evaluating the potential use of carbonated bauxite residue (CBR) as filter substrate to upgrade phosphorus (P) removal in small wastewater treatment plants such as constructed wetlands. Comparative experiments of P removal were performed in two columns continuously fed with synthetic and real wastewater to investigate the behavior of CBR under aerobic (column A) and anoxic biotic conditions (column B). The effect of various parameters, including pH, temperature, addition of organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen concentration, was investigated. Also, a series of chemical extractions was performed to elucidate the main mechanisms of P removal achieved by CBR. Over 140 days of operation, columns A and B showed a total P removal performance of 98.5% and 91.6%, thus reaching a total P removal capacity of 0.63 mg P/g CBR and 0.61 mg P/g CBR, respectively. The results indicate that 2 aeration conditions and microbial activity can significantly affect the performance of CBR filters. Under aerobic conditions, precipitation of CaP complexes appears to be the main mechanism leading to P removal. Under anoxic biotic conditions, microbially driven mobilization of Fe from CBR may provide Fe ions for Fe-P precipitation, but also it may lead to Fe release from the filters. This study provides crucial information to evaluate the potential use of CBR at different steps of the wastewater treatment process. Overall, the results indicate that the use of CBR filters is particularly suitable as a tertiary treatment step to remove P from effluents with low organic load under aerobic conditions
Modélisation physique à 1xg pour l’étude des conséquences de mouvements de terrain et des moyens de mitigation
No full textInternational audience1g physical modelling for studying the consequences of ground movements and means mitigation methods. A 6m3 1g physical model, has been developed to better assess the consequences and understand the interactions between ground movements, structure behavior and mitigation solutions. The ground movements are reproduced using jacks. Two analogous soils (granular and cohesive) are used over the cavity. The paper presents two applications to highlight the main contribution of this physical model. The first one concerns the qualification and quantification, using images correlation, of damage induced in a masonry structure and the improvement of the damage scale. The second application concerns the use of geosynthetic over shallow underground cavities as a method for hazard reduction. The two cases demonstrate the benefit of physical modeling to overcome the lack of data and in situ observations.Un modèle physique réduit à 1g de 6m3 a été développé pour étudier les conséquences de mouvements de terrains, les mécanismes d’interactions entre les mouvements du sol et les ouvrages et les moyens de mitigation. Les mouvements de terrains sont reproduits à l’aide de vérins. Deux sols analogues (granulaire et cohésif) sont utilisés au-dessus de cavités ainsi reproduites. Cet article présente deux applications montrant la contribution de la modélisation physique. La première application concerne l’évaluation des dommages induits dans une structure en maçonnerie à l’aide de la corrélation d’images. La deuxième application concerne le dimensionnement d’un géosynthétique de renforcement au-dessus de cavités souterraines. Les deux applications montrent la capacité de la modélisation physique à combler le manque de données nécessaires à la validation des approches analytiques et empiriques
A comparison of behavioral and reproductive parameters between wild-type, transgenic and mutant zebrafish: Could they all be considered the same “zebrafish” for reglementary assays on endocrine disruption?
No full textInternational audienceTransgenic zebrafish models are efficiently used to study the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC);thereby informing on their mechanisms of action. However, given the reported differences between zebrafishstrains at the genetical, physiological and behavioral levels; care should be taken before using these transgenicmodels for EDC testing. In the present study, we undertook a set of experiments in different transgenic and/ormutant zebrafish strains of interest for EDC testing: casper, cyp19a1a-eGFP, cyp19a1a-eGFP-casper, cyp11c1-eGFP,cyp11c1-eGFP-casper. Some behavioral traits, and some biochemical and reproductive physiological endpointscommonly used in EDC testing were assessed and compared to those obtained in WT AB zebrafish to ensure thattransgene insertion and/or mutations do not negatively modify basal reproductive physiology or behavior of thefish.Behavioral traits considered as anxiety and sociality have been monitored. Sociality was evaluated bymonitoring the time spent near congeners in a shuttle box while anxiety was evaluated using the Novel tankdiving test. No critical difference was observed between strains for either sociality or anxiety level. Concerningreproduction, no significant difference in the number of eggs laid per female, in the viability of eggs or in thefemale circulating VTG concentrations was noted between the 5 transgenic/mutants and the WT AB zebrafishstudied.In summary, the transgene insertion and the mutations had no influence on the endpoints measured in basalconditions. These results were a prerequisite to the use of these transgenic/mutant models for EDC testing. Nextstep will be to determine the sensitivity of these biological models to chemical exposure to accurately validatetheir use in existing fish assays for EDC testing
Les nanomatériaux manufacturés dans l'environnement professionnel : un aperçu de l'état de l'art
No full textInternational audienceThe nanometric scale reveals unexpected properties of materials, and often completely different from those of the same materials at the micro- or macro-scales. Occupational exposures to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) concern workers in research laboratories, manufacturing plants or sites of use of ENMs, the number of which remains unknown to date. Besides, significant quantities of ENMs are deployed yearly nationwide in a wide variety of sectors, according to R-Nano mandatory annual reporting register for ENMs (R-Nano Report). In parallel, several experimental studies, although scattered and still incomplete, sometimes even contradictory, suggest deleterious biological effects for certain families of ENMs. Uncertainties therefore remain on the risks potentially generated by some ENMs. Furthermore, metrological challenges persist for the assessment of exposures. However, despite this context of uncertainties, the prevention of occupational risks in workers exposed to ENMs is essential, and the existing regulations in terms of prevention of occupational risks remain applicable under the responsibility of employers. Professional national guidelines are made available to employers and occupational health services by the French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS) as well as the High Council for Public Health (HCSP). In addition, health monitoring (national EpiNano epidemiological surveillance system) is essential to provide convincing data concerning the health risks of workers potentially exposed to ENMs. This manuscript, written by a multidisciplinary group, provides an overview of the state of the art related to ENMs.Le passage de la matière à des dimensions nanométriques fait apparaître des propriétés inattendues et souvent totalement différentes de celles des mêmes matériaux à l’échellemicro- ou macroscopique. Les expositions professionnelles aux nanomatériaux manufacturés (NM) concernent des travailleurs dans les laboratoires de recherche, les usines de fabrication ou les sites d’utilisation de NM, dont le nombre reste à ce jour non déterminé. Par ailleurs,des quantités importantes de NM sont déployées annuellement en France dans des secteurs très variés selon le registre national de déclaration annuelle obligatoire des substances à l’état nanoparticulaire R-Nano. En parallèle, plusieurs études expérimentales, quoi qu’éparses, lacunaires, voire même contradictoires, suggèrent des effets biologiques délétères pour certaines familles de NM. Des incertitudes demeurent donc sur les risques engendrés par certains NM. De plus, des limites métrologiques persistent pour l’évaluation des expositions. Néanmoins,en dépit de ce contexte d’incertitudes, la prévention des risques professionnels chez les travailleurs exposés aux NM s’impose, et la réglementation existante en matière de prévention des risques professionnels reste applicable sous la responsabilité des employeurs. Des recommandations professionnelles sont mises à disposition des employeurs et des services de santé au travail par l’Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS) ainsi que le Haut Conseil de Santé Publique (HCSP). En complément, la veille sanitaire (Dispositif national EpiNano) est incontournable pour fournir des données probantes concernant les risques pour la santé des travailleurs exposés aux NM. Ce manuscrit, rédigé par un groupe pluridisciplinaire, présente un aperçu de l’état de l’art relatif aux NM
PM10 chemical profile during North African dust episodes over French West Indies
No full textInternational audienceThe French West Indies are periodically affected by North African dust episodes (NADE) resulting in PM10 concentrations exceeding air quality standards. The aim of the present study was to decipher the PM10 chemical profile during NADE over Guadeloupe. PM10 samples were collected daily at a rural site and an urban site during five episodes between April and October in 2017. During these events, the median PM10 mass concentrations were, on average, 2 to 5 times higher than in the post-episode baseline period. Sampled filters were analyzed for their quantification of chemical constituents including carbonaceous fractions (elemental and organic carbon, EC/OC), anions/cations and levoglucosan, 51 elements, and 57 selected organic species. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was conducted to identify the specific chemical profile of PM10 during NADE: 16 elements were identified as the most discriminant between the NADE and the control samples with mass concentration levels twice as high during a NADE. Among them, only two (Mn and V) are classified as emerging pollutant while no limit values exist for the other ones. The extensive characterization of the NADE PM10 chemical profile we performed is a key step to assess the chemical exposure of French West Indies populations during such events
: Environ Res
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Although the genetic and hormonal risk factors of breast cancer are well identified, they cannot fully explain the occurrence of all cases. Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that exposure to environmental pollutants, especially those with potential estrogenic properties, as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may have a role in breast cancer development. Being the most abundantly detected in human tissues and in the environment, congener 153 (PCB153) is widely used in epidemiological studies as indicator for total PCBs exposure. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate the association between cumulative atmospheric exposure to PCB153 and breast cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 5,222 cases and 5,222 matched controls nested within the French E3N cohort from 1990 to 2011. Annual atmospheric PCB153 concentrations were simulated with the deterministic chemistry-transport model (CHIMERE) and were assigned to women using their geocoded residential history. Their cumulative PCB153 exposure was calculated for each woman from their cohort inclusion to their index date. Breast cancer odds ratios (ORs) associated with cumulative PCB153 exposure and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using multivariate conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: Overall, our results showed a statistically significant linear increase in breast cancer risk related to cumulative atmospheric exposure to PCB153 as a continuous variable (adjusted OR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.31 for an increment of one standard deviation among controls (55 pg/m(3))). Among women who became postmenopausal during follow-up, the association remained statistically significant (adjusted OR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.09-1.39). In analyses by hormone receptors status, the positive association remained significant only for ER-positive breast cancer (adjusted OR=1.18; 95% CI: 1.05-1.33). DISCUSSION: This study is the first to have estimated the impact of atmospheric exposure to PCB153 on breast cancer risk. Our results showed a statistically significant increase in breast cancer risk, which may be limited to ER-positive breast cancer. These results warrant confirmation in further independent studies but raise the possibility that exposure to PCB153 increase breast cancer risk
Les enjeux sanitaires associés aux transferts de polluants entre les compartiments environnementaux
No full textInternational audienceL’évaluation des transferts des polluants dans l’environnement constitue le préalable indispensable à l’évaluation des expositions et des risques sanitaires qui en découlent
Waste hazard properties HP 4 ‘Irritant’ and HP 8 ‘Corrosive’ by pH, acid/base buffer capacity and acid/base concentration
No full textInternational audienceEuropean “Technical Recommendations” have proposed, with the use of substance concentrations, the use of a pH (≤2 or ≥11.5) to classify waste for the hazard properties HP4 ‘Irritant’ and HP8 ‘Corrosive’. The document add unfortunately that the buffer capacity must be “not low” to classify as hazardous. Buffer capacity refers to a 2018 UK classification guide referring to the ‘corrosive’ level of a method proposed in 1988 for substances and preparations but not retained in EU regulations, but well in its Guidance. The product method uses the pH unclearly associated or not to a 1% concentration. The different methods of classifying products and wastes in terms of corrosivity or irritation are expressed as acid/base concentration and compared. The “corrosive” level of 1988 corresponds to an average strong acid/base concentration ≥14.4%, i.e. 14 times less severe than CLP (acid/base concentration ≥0.44-0.15% for pH only or ≥1% for pH and concentration). The “pH only” method corresponds to the lowest concentration of acid/base and is the most severe. These methods were applied to five hazardous alkaline wastes (pH ≥11.5). The “pH only” method is the only that classifies all waste in accordance with the European List of Waste. To avoid innovation and divergence between products and waste, it seems preferable to use the product regulations “pH only” or eventually “pH and concentration” for HP4 and HP8. Fortunately, the elimination of the danger HP 4 and HP 8 from acidic or alkaline waste can be obtained by neutralization, including for alkaline wastes with CO2