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Compte rendu du 17e conférence « Indoor Air »
No full textInternational audienceLa 17e conférence « Indoor Air » s’est tenue à Kuopio en Finlande du 12 au 16 juin 2022. Cette conférence biannuelle est un événement phare de l’International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ). Cette 17e édition a rassemblé 606 participants dont 444 personnes sur site, provenant de 41 pays. Au total, 49 sessions et 29 workshops ont été organisés
Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe
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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface sediments: Occurrence, patterns, spatial distribution and contribution of unattributed precursors in French aquatic environments
No full textInternational audienceWhile perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, non-targeted methods have recently revealed the presence of numerous unidentified per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Besides those methods, the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay has proved useful to estimate the contribution of unattributed perfluoroalkyl acids precursors (pre-PFAAs). In this study, an optimized extraction method was developed to examine the spatial distribution of 36 targeted PFAS in surface sediments collected at French nationwide scale (n = 43), including neutral, anionic and zwitterionic molecules. In addition, a TOP assay procedure was implemented to estimate the contribution of unattributed pre-PFAAs in these samples. Conversion yields of targeted pre-PFAAs were determined for the first time under realistic conditions and led to differences in oxidation profiles compared to the common spiked ultra-pure water method. PFAS were detected in 86 % of samples and ∑PFAStargeted was in the range < Limit of Detection – 23 ng g−1 dry weight (dw) (median: 1.3 ng g−1 dw), with ∑pre-PFAAstargeted representing on average 29 ± 26 % of ∑PFAS. Among pre-PFAAs, compounds of emerging interest such as the fluorotelomer sulfonamidoalkyl betaines 6:2 FTAB and 8:2 FTAB were respectively detected in 38 % and 24 % of samples, with levels similar to those of L-PFOS (<0.36–2.2, <0.50–6.8 and < 0.08–5.1 ng g−1 dw, respectively). A hierarchical cluster analysis coupled with a geographic information system-based approach revealed similarities between groups of sampling sites. For instance, elevated contribution of FTABs were associated with the proximity to airport activities where betaine-based aqueous film-forming foam (AFFFs) might have been used. In addition, unattributed pre-PFAAs were strongly correlated with ∑PFAStargeted and they accounted for 58 % of ∑PFAS (median value); they were generally found in larger quantity near industrial and urban areas where the highest ∑PFAStargeted were also observed
Development of two OECD Guidance Documents for nanomaterials dustiness data applicability: exposure assessment and ATEX safety
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The EU project NanoHarmony – Towards harmonized test methods for nanomaterials
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Effective Tool for Reporting and Analyzing Medication Errors
No full textcopyright IEEEInternational audienceThe Medication Use Process (MUP) plays a vital role in ensuring the appropriate and safe use of medications. However, this process is exposed to many risks in particular medication errors. These later present a significant challenge, that may have negative consequences for patients. Implementing a medication error reporting and analyzing tool would facilitate an in-depth analysis of the causes of errors and enable the implementation of corrective measures. Additionally, a specific risk management model for medication management, which includes regular monitoring and preventive actions, is essential to prevent medication errors. By implementing these measures, We guarantee the attainment of secure and efficient management of MUP, resulting in better therapeutic results and heightened patient safety. In this work, we propose a tool that helps healthcare professionals create reports and analyze medication errors. This tool has been made and tested with healthcare professionals of the Intercommunal Hospital Center Castres-Mazamet (CHIC). This collaborative effort aimed not only to detect areas for improvement but also to instigate positive change in patient care. By leveraging our innovative tool, healthcare providers were empowered to proactively analyze and report medication errors
PISTIL Recherche action -Rapport final PISTIL Insertion sociale et Insertion professionnelle dans les tierslieux Recherche Action Collaborative -Rapport final
No full textComment les tiers-lieux du Grand Est appréhendent leurs actions en matière d’inclusion sociale et d’insertion professionnelle ? Quels sont les contours, les formes et les spécificités des actions d’insertion et d’inclusion menées ? Comment améliorer l’action des membres du réseau en matière d’insertion et d’inclusion au niveau des bassins de vie dans lesquels ils agissent ? Quels sont les enjeux d’évaluation en matière d’inclusion et d’insertion à court et moyen terme ? Le projet de recherche PISTIL vise à répondre à ces questions en utilisant une démarche d’enquête en sciences sociales participative avec et pour les lieux membres du réseau régional.Cette enquête pointe l’omniprésence et l’originalité des actions de solidarité dans les tiers-lieux existant à ce jour dans le réseau. Elle met également en évidence les fragilités de ces actions, portées principalement en auto-financement, peu évaluées et plutôt invisibles de la part des décideurs et administrations soutenant les tiers-lieux. Trois principales formes d’actions sont analysées : la collecte et la redistribution de biens, l’accès à des services de solidarité et l’intervention à des moments clés des parcours individuels. Cinq publics principaux sont identifiés comme bénéficiaires de l’inclusion et de l’insertion dans les lieux : les femmes, les chômeurs de longue durée, les jeunes décrocheurs, les étudiants précaires et les retraités. PISTIL analyse des pistes concrètes et en propose de nouvelles pour poursuivre et améliorer à moyen terme les actions d’insertion et d’inclusion
Impact of different particle sources the measurement of PM by low-cost sensors
No full textInternational audienceDuring the last years, as a member of the French National Reference Laboratory for monitoring air quality (LCSQA), Ineris has been developing and using "a PM enhanced generation system for inter-laboratory comparisons of automatic PM analysers". This facility is based on particle generation by nebulising a mixture of ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate diluted in distilled water using a TSI model 3076 nebuliser. However, this method of generation only produces particles with a distribution size limited to 2.5µm, excluding the possibility of evaluating the performance of measurements for the sole larger particles, such as those contributing to the PM10 mass.The objective of the work presented was to evaluate the possibility of generating particles with a larger granulometry and their impact on the measurement carry out by PM low-cost sensor in comparison with an automatic measurement system. This work has been divided in two parts:We first studied the impact of the type of generation method used on the mass concentration and granulometry of the particles generated using the same saline solution. We have shown that whatever the nebuliser used, i.e. whatever the limit imposed by the cut-off diameter, the generation from saline solution produces particles with a size centred around 600nm and corresponding mainly to PM2.5. In a second step, we studied the possibility to generate large particles by using a dispersion of Arizona dust in water. Indeed, even if the particle size distribution remains centred around 600nm, the presence of larger diameter particles has a major impact on the PM10 fraction. The simultaneous use of both methods showed the possibility of adding an independent contribution for the PM10 fraction. Finally, we propose to discuss the impact of the two generation methods, independently and combined, on the measurements of a PM low-cost sensor in comparison to an automatic measurement system commonly used for the air quality monitoring
Tracking changes in atmospheric particulate matter at a semi-urban site in Central France over the past decade
No full textInternational audienceNearly 10-year (2013−2022) data on atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) were collected to investigate the air quality in a suburban site of Orléans city (France). The PM10 concentration decreased slightly between 2013 and 2022. PMs concentrations showed a monthly variation with higher concentration in cold periods. PM10 presented a clear bimodal diurnal variation peaking at morning rush hour and midnight, whereas the fine PMs such as PM2.5 and PM1.0 only had significant peaks during nighttime. Further, PM10 had more pronounced week-end effect than other fine PMs. COVID-19 lockdown impact on PMs levels was further investigated, showing that the lockdown during cold season could result in an increase of PMs concentrations because of the enhanced household heating. We concluded that PM10 could originate from biomass burning and fossil fuel related activities, air parcels from the western Europe through Paris were also important source of PM10 in the investigated area. Fine PMs, such as PM2.5 and PM1.0, originated mainly from biomass burning in addition to secondary formation at the local scale. This study provides a long-term PMs measurement database to explore the sources and characterization of PMs in central France, which could support future regulation and formulation of air quality standards
Minimum ignition energy of hydrogen-air mixtures at ambient and cryogenic temperatures
No full textInternational audienceThe ignition and combustion of hydrogen in air is considered more hazardous compared to other fuels due to the lower minimum ignition energy (MIE) and the wider flammability range. Spark discharge is the most common type of electrostatic ignition hazard. There is a need in validated safety engineering tools to accurately calculate MIE in a wide range of temperatures from atmospheric to cryogenic which are characteristic for hydrogen systems and infrastructure. Current MIE assessment methodologies rely on the availability of experimental data on quenching distance and/or laminar burning velocity and thus are mostly empirical correlations. This prevents their application beyond the limited number of experimental data, i.e. to arbitrary composition of the hydrogen-air mixture at arbitrary temperatures including cryogenic. This work aims at the development of a model able to accurately predict MIE for hydrogen-air mixtures with arbitrary initial composition and temperature. Cantera and Chemkin software are used to calculate the properties and unstretched laminar burning velocity of hydrogen-air mixtures. The flame thickness is found to well represent the critical flame kernel in the suggested model. The model is validated against experimental data on MIE for mixtures at ambient and cryogenic (down to 123 K) temperatures. Results show that the effect of flame stretch and preferential diffusion shall be considered to accurately predict MIE for lean hydrogen-air mixtures, which was not possible for previous models