HAL-INERIS
Not a member yet
8807 research outputs found
Sort by
Field evaluation of industrial non-food crops for phytomanaging a metal-contaminated dredged sediment
No full textInternational audiencePhytomanagement is a concept fit for a bio-based circular economy that combines phytotechnologies and biomass production for non-food purposes. Here, ten annual and perennial industrial non-food crops (Sorghum Biomass 133, Sorghum Santa Fe red, Linum usitatissimum L., Eucalyptus sp., Salix Inger, Salix Tordis, Beta vulgaris L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Malva sylvestris L., and Chenopodium album L.) were studied under field conditions for phytomanaging a metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn)-contaminated dredged sediment in the North of France. The crops were selected according to their relevance to pedoclimatic and future climatic conditions, and one or more non-food end-products were proposed for each plant part collected, such as biogas, bioethanol, compost, natural dye, ecocatalyst, and fiber. Based on the soil–plant transfer of metals, eight out of the crops cultivated on field plots exhibited an excluder behavior (bioconcentration factor, BCF < 1), a trait suitable for phytostabilization. However, these crops did not change the metal mobilities in the dredged sediment. The BCF < 1 was not sufficient to characterize the excluder behavior of crops as this factor depended on the total dredged-sediment contaminant. Therefore, a BCF group ranking method was proposed accounting for metal phytotoxicity levels or yield decrease as a complemental way to discuss the crop behavior. The feasibility of the biomass-processing chains was discussed based on these results and according to a survey of available legislation in standard and scientific literature
Vers le développement de normes pour l'évaluation des services écosystémiques fournis par les sols
No full textInternational audienc
Measurement report: A one-year study to estimate maritime contributions to PM 10 in a coastal area in Northern France
No full textThis work is focused on filling the lack of knowledge associated with natural and anthropogenic marine emissions on PM10 concentrations in Northern France. For this purpose, a one-year measurement and sampling campaign for PM10 has been performed at a French coastal site situated in front of the Straits of Dover. The characterization of PM10 samples was performed considering major and trace elements, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic markers of biomass burning and primary biogenic emissions. Furthermore, the source apportionment of PM10 was achieved using the constrained weighted-non-negative matrix factorization (CW-NMF) model. The annual average PM10 was 24.3 µg/m3 with six species contributing to 69 % of its mass (NO3-, OC, SO42-, Cl-, Na+, and NH4+). The source apportionment of PM10 led to the identification of 10 sources. Fresh and aged sea-salts contributed to 37 % of PM10, while secondary nitrate and sulfate contributed 41 %, biomass burning 10 %, and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) combustion from shipping emissions contributed 5 %, on yearly averages. Additionally, monthly evolution of the sources’ contribution evidenced different behaviors with high contributions of secondary nitrate and biomass burning during winter. In the summer season, 10 times higher concentrations for HFO combustion (July compared to January) and the predominance of aged sea-salts versus fresh sea-salts were observed. Constant weighted trajectories showed that the sources contributing to more than 80 % of PM10 at Cape Gris-Nez are of regional and/or long-range origins with the North Sea and the English Channel as hotspots for natural and anthropogenic marine emissions and Belgium, the Netherlands, and the West of Germany as hotspots for secondary inorganic aerosols
Oral bioaccessibility of PTEs in soils: A review of data, influencing factors and application in human health risk assessment
No full textInternational audienc
Constructing and using an experimental space for resolving crisis: A case study of a chemical leak following an industrial accident
No full textInternational audienceThis article argues that space plays an active role in shaping collective responses to crisis situations. While it is well known that the physical features of a place affect the way industrial accidents can be managed by response and rescue teams, this article will examine another important aspect of space: its role in helping to resolve crises. We present a case study involving a French complex where a chemical cloud, emitting an odor reminiscent of household natural gas, was accidentally released. Based on interviews with key participants, as well as a variety of documents, we will explain how the physical and material features of the accident site can be used to transform a situation of great uncertainty and chaos into a well‐designed and controlled experiment, thereby aiding in crisis resolution. This article contributes to crisis literature by shedding new light on the role of space in crisis resolution using the concepts of boundaries, movement, and distance, and by contrasting the case with the Fukushima Daiichi accident. By conceptualizing space not only as a reservoir of information and evidence, but also as a tangible foundation, it becomes feasible to utilize it as a valuable resource for managing and resolving future crises
Investigation on the dual use of thermal insulation materials as blast mitigation solution
No full textInternational audienc
Development of an in vitro method to assess the cytotoxic effect of pyrotechnic smoke compositions
No full textInternational audienc
Impact of 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns on particulate air pollution across Europe
No full textInternational audienceAbstract. To fight against the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020, lockdown measures were implemented in most European countries. These lockdowns had well-documented effects on human mobility. We assessed the impact of the lockdown implementation and relaxation on air pollution by comparing daily particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations, as well as particle number size distributions (PNSDs) and particle light absorption coefficient in situ measurement data, with values that would have been expected if no COVID-19 epidemic had occurred at 28 sites across Europe for the period 17 February–31 May 2020. Expected PM, NO2 and O3 concentrations were calculated from the 2020 Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) ensemble forecasts, combined with 2019 CAMS ensemble forecasts and measurement data. On average, lockdown implementations did not lead to a decrease in PM2.5 mass concentrations at urban sites, while relaxations resulted in a +26 ± 21 % rebound. The impacts of lockdown implementation and relaxation on NO2 concentrations were more consistent (−29 ± 17 and +31 ± 30 %, respectively). The implementation of the lockdown measures also induced statistically significant increases in O3 concentrations at half of all sites (+13 % on average). An enhanced oxidising capacity of the atmosphere could have boosted the production of secondary aerosol at those places. By comparison with 2017–2019 measurement data, a significant change in the relative contributions of wood and fossil fuel burning to the concentration of black carbon during the lockdown was detected at 7 out of 14 sites. The contribution of particles smaller than 70 nm to the total number of particles significantly also changed at most of the urban sites, with a mean decrease of −7 ± 5 % coinciding with the lockdown implementation. Our study shows that the response of PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations to lockdown measures was not systematic at various sites across Europe for multiple reasons, the relationship between road traffic intensity and particulate air pollution being more complex than expected
Measurement report: A 1-year study to estimate maritime contributions to PM 10 in a coastal area in northern France
No full textInternational audienceThis work focuses on filling the knowledge gap associated with the contribution of natural and anthropogenic marine emissions to PM10 concentrations in northern France. For this purpose, a 1-year measurement and sampling campaign for PM10 has been conducted at a French coastal site situated at the Strait of Dover. The characterization of PM10 samples was performed considering major and trace elements, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic markers of biomass burning and primary biogenic emissions. Furthermore, the source apportionment of PM10 was achieved using the constrained weighted non-negative matrix factorization (CW-NMF) model. The annual average PM10 was 24.3 µg m−3, with six species contributing 69 % of its mass (NO3-, OC, SO42-, Cl−, Na+, and NH4+). The source apportionment of PM10 led to the identification of 9 sources. On average yearly, fresh and aged sea salts contributed 37 % of PM10, while secondary nitrate and sulfate contributed 42 %, biomass burning contributed 8 %, and heavy-fuel-oil (HFO) combustion from shipping emissions contributed almost 5 %. Additionally, monthly evolution of the sources' contribution evidenced different behaviors with high contributions of secondary nitrate and biomass burning during winter. In the summer season, 15-times-higher concentrations for HFO combustion (July compared to January) and the predominance of aged sea salts versus fresh sea salts were observed.The concentration-weighted trajectory model showed that the sources contributing more than 80 % of PM10 at Cap Gris-Nez are of regional and/or long-range origins, with the North Sea and the English Channel as hotspots for natural and anthropogenic marine emissions and Belgium, the Netherlands, and the west of Germany as hotspots for secondary inorganic aerosols
5-year leaching experiments to evaluate a modified bauxite residue: remediation of sulfidic mine tailings
No full textInternational audienceThe ALTEO company produces approximately 300,000 tons per year of bauxite residue after alumina extraction, which is washed and dried in a press filter to produce Bauxaline®. In this study, different ways for recovering and reusing this residue were explored, namely transformation into a vegetated soil, use in acid mine drainage depollution, and application in sulfidemine tailings remediation. The Bauxaline® was therefore transformed into modified bauxite residue (MBR), resulting in reduced alkalinity, salinity, and sodicity. To counterbalance the net acid generation potential of two sulfidic mine tailings with 1 mol H + kg-1 (1.5% sulfide) and 3.3 mol H + kg-1 (5.3% sulfide), respectively, various treatments were applied. These treatments included the addition of 10% MBR or 10% MBR plus limestone, or by limestone only, within 40-l lysimeters. Six lysimeters were monitored over a 5-year period to assess the long-term emissions from treated materials. Vegetation was tested under various conditions, and its impact on emission was evaluated. The emissions of mine tailings treated with MBR and limestone were very low. The mine tailings with limestone showed intermittent peaks of emission, probably due to the coating of calcite grain by ferric oxide, hindering contact with percolating water. Vegetation successfully grew in the treated tailings. This study demonstrated that the alkalinity of limestone can temporarily immobilize elements in sulfidic mine tailings, with a reduction factor of emissions of 300 and 40 for the two mine tailings, respectively. For long-term immobilization, the alkalinity provided by both limestone and MBR and the Al and Fe oxides of MBR are more effective and necessary for long-term immobilization, with a reduction factor of 300 and 900, respectively