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A review of the fate of engineered nanomaterials in municipal solid waste streams
No full textInternational audienceSignificant knowledge and data gaps associated with the fate of product-embedded engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in waste management processes exist that limit our current ability to develop appropriate end-of-life management strategies. This review paper was developed as part of the activities of the IWWG ENMs in Waste Task Group. The specific objectives of this review paper are to assess the current knowledge associated with the fate of ENMs in commonly used waste management processes, including key processes and mechanisms associated with ENM fate and transport in each waste management process, and to use that information to identify the data gaps and research needs in this area. Literature associated with the fate of ENMs in wastes was reviewed and summarized. Overall, results from this literature review indicate a need for continued research in this area. No work has been conducted to quantify ENMs present in discarded materials and an understanding of ENM release from consumer products under conditions representative of those found in relevant waste management process is needed. Results also indicate that significant knowledge gaps associated with ENM behaviour exist for each waste management process investigated. There is a need for additional research investigating the fate of different types of ENMs at larger concentration ranges with different surface chemistries. Understanding how changes in treatment process operation may influence ENM fate is also needed. A series of specific research questions associated with the fate of ENMs during the management of ENM-containing wastes have been identified and used to direct future research in this area
Une analyse des grandes visions prospectives internationales sur le devenir de l’environnement : l’étude ScénEnvi
No full textInternational audienceTo contribute to French scientific planning in the environmental sciences, a study of major scenarios from around the world on the possible futures for the environment was made under the auspices of Alliance AllEnvi. For the more than 300 scenarios analyzed, governance and the economy turned out to be the major factors for differentiating them. Eleven families of scenarios were placed in three groups : decline, no priority for the environment, and priority for the environment. The first two groups correspond to a severely deteriorated environment, but the third has a more encouraging outcome despite the inefficiency of certain orientations. A detailed analysis of the methodology and findings is proposed while focusing on the factors “environment” and “sciences and technology”, which are decisive for AllEnvi.Pour contribuer à la programmation scientifique française dans le domaine des sciences de l’environnement, une étude des grandes visions de prospective à travers le monde sur les devenirs possibles de l’environnement a été entreprise dans le cadre de l’Alliance AllEnvi. Plus de 300 scénarios ont été analysés, révélant la prédominance de la gouvernance et de l’économie comme facteurs différenciant ces scénarios. La démarche a défini 11 familles de scénarios regroupant les différentes tendances qui se structurent en 3 groupes : le déclin, l’absence de priorité environnementale et la priorité accordée à l’environnement. Si les deux premiers groupes correspondent à des dégradations plus ou moins sévères de l’environnement, le troisième conduit à des résultats plutôt encourageants, même si certaines orientations s’avèrent in fine peu efficaces. Une analyse détaillée de la démarche déployée et des résultats obtenus est proposée ici en apportant une attention particulière aux facteurs « Environnement » et « Sciences et Technologie », qui sont structurants pour les missions d’AllEnvi
Etat de l'art : caractérisation des particules issues du freinage automobile
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Evaluation of building damages due to open pit mine activities. Application on Mavropigi open mine
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Modelling historical mesocosm data : Application of a fish bioenergetics model in semi‐natural conditions
No full textInternational audienceDeveloping ecological models for accurately predicting the dynamics of a population and individual physiological processes in field conditions is a challenging task for ecosystem management and ecological risk assessment. Here, we propose to assess the relevance of a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model calibrated using data previously generated from laboratory experiments for adult three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) living in semi‐natural conditions. We compared different ways of integrating different data sets such as temperature and prey abundance obtained in mesocosm experiments to assess the predictive capacity of the model. By this study, we provide recommendations for developing an appropriate environmental scenario (e.g. natural variations of food and temperature) for using a DEB model in a field context. We conclude that a DEB model calibrated with laboratory data can be used to predict the physiological processes of an organism living in semi‐natural conditions, but that the reproductive behaviour of the organism can affect the predictions. At last, we suggest that further studies on the feeding behaviour may be necessary for immature organisms
An integrative approach combining passive sampling, bioassays, and effect‐directed analysis to assess the impact of wastewater effluent
No full textInternational audienceWastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are major sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other chemicals of toxicological concern for the aquatic environment. In the present study, we used an integrated strategy combining passive sampling (Chemcatcher®), developmental toxicity, and mechanism-based in vitro and in vivo bioassays to monitor the impacts of a WWTP on a river. In vitro screening revealed the WWTP effluent as a source of estrogen, glucocorticoid, and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor-mediated activities impacting the downstream river site where significant activities were also measured, albeit to a lesser extent than in the effluent. Effect-directed analysis of the effluent successfully identified the presence of potent estrogens (estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and 17β-estradiol) and glucocorticoids (clobetasol propionate and fluticasone propionate) as the major contributors to the observed in vitro activities, even though other unidentified active chemicals were likely present. The impact of the WWTP was also assessed using zebrafish embryo assays, highlighting its ability to induce estrogenic response through up-regulation of the aromatase promoter-dependent reporter gene in the transgenic (cyp19a1b–green fluorescent protein [GFP]) zebrafish assay and to generate teratogenic effects at nonlethal concentrations in the zebrafish embryo toxicity test. The present study argues for the use of such an integrated approach, combining passive sampling, bioassays, and effect-directed analysis, to comprehensively identify endocrine active compounds and associated hazards of WTTP effluents
A Large-Scale Model for Dissolution in Heterogeneous Porous Media
No full textInternational audienceDissolution of pore-scale soluble substances occurs in applications from environmental hydrogeology to CO2 storage. Development of Darcy-scale models has been widely discussed. This paper proposes an upscaling algorithm to develop large-scale models taking into account Darcy-scale heterogeneities. The theory is based on a comparison between the characteristic length-scale of the Darcy-scale heterogeneities and the length-scale of the dissolution front controlled by a Darcy-scale Damkhler number. The obtained large-scale model is shown to confront favorably to Darcy-scale direct numerical simulations
New tools for monitoring deep flooded shafts
No full textInternational audienceIn European coalmines, there are many unequipped, abandoned shafts (in Poland, Germany, France, Spain, UK and other countries) in which the long-term stability is a cause of concern. The need for continuous assessment and monitoring of the stability of abandoned shafts present a real challenge mainly for deep shafts. The European STAMS research project (Long-term STability Assessment and Monitoring of flooded Shafts), subsidized by the Research Fund for Coal and Steel programme (RFCS), is addressing this issue. The objective of the STAMS project is to implement Periodic Inspection Modules, and to design permanently installed monitoring systems, to achieve periodic and long-term continuous monitoring and condition assessment of flooded mine shafts. The project proposes solutions to monitor and to assess the stability and the conditions of flooded shafts, including the non-flooded portions of partially flooded shafts, for long periods of time. The Multi-functional Monitoring Module is able to make periodic measurements in order to assess the stability of a flooded shaft. The Ultrasonic Inspection Module allows the detection of lining deformations with high precision between periodic inspections of shafts. In addition to monitoring, a modelling approach has been developed to assess the long-term stability of shafts during and after flooding by coupling the hydro-mechanical behaviour with the chemical reactions which occur between the mine water and the shaft lining components.A databased of the flooded shafts was established. Laboratory and trials tests are carried out by the partners of the project to check the tools and to test them under real conditions. This paper presents and describes the developed modules and the first obtained results
Informer le public sur la pollution atmosphérique : quelle place de la connaissance dans les mécanismes de perception ? Retour sur l’application Air To Go
No full textInternational audienceNotre proposition s’inscrit dans la thématique « Sciences, décision et action » de la session 3 et plus spécifiquement dans les axes autour de l’information préventive et de l’opérationnalisation des connaissances scientifiques. Elle porte sur la place de la connaissance dans les mécanismes de représentation de la pollution atmosphérique (PA). Les auteurs s’accordent à dire que la pollution de l’air place les populations dans une « ambiguïté perceptive » (Faugère, 2002). En effet, nos sens peuvent parfois se révéler trompeurs puisque certains polluants sont invisibles et inodores et que certains signaux sensibles associés à la pollution (odeurs, fumées) ne sont pas toujours synonymes de mauvaise qualité de l’air (Bonnefoy, 2007). Il y a donc un enjeu important à nuancer l’influence du filtre perceptif sur les représentations de la PA, à la fois pour améliorer la perception des risques mais aussi pour changer in fine les comportements en termes d’exposition et d’émission. Dans cette perspective, les Associations Agréées de Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air (AASQA), doivent relever un défi de taille : traduire des connaissances scientifiques complexes en une information lisible et appropriable entrant parfois en contradiction avec les perceptions sensorielles. Le développement par Atmo Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes d’une application mobile, Air To Go2, diffusant un indice quotidien de qualité de l’air géolocalisé à une échelle d’une précision de 10 mètres, constitue le point de départ de notre réflexion. L’accès à des informations précises à une échelle individuelle en matière de qualité de l’air modifie-t-il les représentations de la pollution en atténuant le filtre perceptif ? La recherche repose sur une enquête qualitative sociologique mobilisant une trentaine de citoyens lyonnais habitant deux secteurs (Croix-Rousse et Garibaldi/Part-Dieu) différemment exposés à la PA3. Le protocole de recherche s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-directifs et un suivi de la perception quotidienne de la PA via un tableau de bord en ligne. Il se développe en deux phases distinctes : sans puis avec l’application Air To Go. Les résultats attendus portent à la fois sur le fonctionnement des mécanismes de représentation de la PA et la place de la connaissance dans ces derniers, mais aussi sur l’usage d’Air To Go et la réception des informations qu’elle diffuse
Mobility of PAHs, PCBs and TPHs from Fresh and Aged Dredged Sediments
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