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Analyse économique des impacts sanitaires dans le cadre de l’élaboration du PREPA
No full textInternational audienceDans le cadre du projet « Aide à la décision pour l’élaboration du PREPA » (Programme national de réduction des émissions de polluants atmosphériques financé par le ministère de l’Écologie en France), une évaluation multicritère a été appliquée à une cinquantaine de mesures de réduction des émissions issues de tout secteur économique. Le PREPA s’inscrit dans les obligations de la directive sur les plafonds nationaux d’émissions [1, 2] qui fixent des engagements de réduction des émissions atmosphériques des oxydes d’azote (NOx), particules fines (PM2,5), du dioxyde de soufre (SO2), de l’ammoniac (NH3) et des composés organiques volatils non méthaniques (COVNM) aux horizons 2020 et 2030 pour chaque État membre. L’article présente l’approche mise en œuvre pour un des critères d’évaluation multicritère : l’évaluation économique des impacts sanitaires. À partir d’informations sur les réductions d’émissions associées à chaque mesure, leur contribution à l’amélioration de la qualité de l’air a été simulée à l’aide du modèle CHIMERE et l’exposition de la population française aux polluants atmosphériques calculée. En combinant ces données avec des fonctions concentration-réponse, les effets sanitaires évités grâce aux mesures ont ensuite été calculés à l’aide du modèle ARP-FR. Les bénéfices correspondant aux effets évités ont également été comparés aux coûts directs des mesures étudiées. L’étude a permis d’identifier de nombreuses mesures dont le bilan bénéfices/coûts est positif. La mise en œuvre des mesures PREPA sélectionnées par décision politique devrait permettre de réduire les coûts sanitaires de la pollution atmosphérique de 40 % en 2030 par rapport à 2010
COST Action CA16109 COLOSSAL Chemical On-Line cOmpoSition and Source Apportionment of fine aerosoL
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Aquaref : informations sur les actions "échantillonnage" récentes et en cours
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Phytoextraction with Arabidopsis halleri intercropped with Salix viminalis to redevelop metal contaminated urban area
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Impact of emissions of airborne TiO2 ENM on atmospheric NO2 concentrations
No full textInternational audienceTitanium dioxide is one of the most produced engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) worldwide. Its high photocatalytic activity is key to many applications. Like any other ENM, TiO2 may be released into the atmosphere during nearly any phase of its lifecycle, where it may interact with atmospheric gases. It is well known and widely exploited that TiO2 photocatalytically reduces NO2 in the presence of UV light, however, the effect of accidentally released TiO2 ENMs on ambient NOx concentrations is widely unknown. We here present a comprehensive study on experimental laboratory investigations on the reaction rates of NO2 in the presence of TiO2 ENM (Evonik P25) under UV irradiation. The study is carried out in a dedicated test rig, where defined concentrations of TiO2 ENMs and NO2 are exposed to UV light. Both the UV light intensity and exposure time are adjustable. In a parallel study, the emission rates of engineered metal oxide nanomaterials from industrial facilities have been experimentally determined in field measurements and are used as surrogates for the TiO2 concentrations used in our lab-experiments. Experimental data on both the emission rates, as well as the chemical reaction rates, are used along with emission inventory data as input parameters for long range modeling of TiO2 and NOx concentrations across Europe using LOTOS-EUROS (see Figure 1) to better understand the dispersion of engineered nanomaterials and their impact on atmospheric chemistry. The poster will present results of the laboratory experiments and the field measurements and how these data are used in the model. First modeling results will be shown and it will be discussed how modeling can help improve the understanding of the presence and effects of engineered nanomaterials in the atmosphere
Acquiring exposure data and contextual information for demonstration of system-of-systems nano risk governance platform
No full textInternational audienceCurrently, none of the existing REACH compliance models are suited or validated for risk assessment of manufactured nanomaterials, and many existing exposure limits are not suitable for nanomaterials. In EU H2020-funded project caLIBRAte this will be address by developing a 'system of systems', based on a suite of tested and calibrated manufactured nano-specific risk prioritisation and control banding tools. The overall objective of the caLIBRAte project is to establish a state-of-the-art versatile Risk Governance framework for assessment and management of human and environmental risks of MN and MN-enabled products. To achieve the goals, case studies in industrial sites are needed to generate new occupational exposure and environmental release data with high quality conceptual information for demonstration/verification of the modelling tools. In this study multi-instrumental occupational and environmental exposure assessment combined with NECID-based data gathering was performed in a paint factory by collaboration of research groups. In the field study comprehensive exposure measurements of the production activities of three different paint batches, using e.g. TiO2, were performed. The activity-based measurements consisted of personal measurement of one worker in two different working stations, and associated nearfield, farfield and background measurements. Online monitoring and mass sampling for particles from 6 nm upward was conducted for whole day shifts during three days. Contextual information was collected for NECID database, for use in later stages with modelling tools. This paper will describe the occupational exposure assessment and contextual data gathering of the activities in the workplace. Suitability of the gathered data for risk assessment with different modelling tools is discussed
Non-combustible air fresheners : exposure and health risk assessment
No full textInternational audienceAs part of the French National Plan on Indoor Air Quality, an exposure and health risk assessment was performed for several types of widely used non-combustible air fresheners, including sprays, gels, oils and liquids. The assessment was based on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions of 25 air fresheners, characterized in a 1 m3 test chamber, combined with a national online survey about household uses. Results obtained showed that chronic limonene exposures could exceed the French health based Lowest Concentration of Interest, for a reasonable-worst-case type scenario, mainly for active diffusers. Substances of concern also included, to a lesser extent, linalool and eucalyptol. No exceedance was identified for short term exposures (1 hour). These results suggest that good practice – use reasonably, ventilate the room after use, avoid direct inhalation, etc. – and reducing the emissions of high-emissivity products could be necessary to insure a safe use