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Effect of exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency on the MEG alpha band activity at rest
No full textInternational audienceWith the extensive use of mobile phones several studies have been realized to understand the effects of radiofrequency exposure on brain activity. Results show changes in the alpha band spectral power. To better understand the cortical structures involved in these changes after exposure at 900 MHz, we carried out electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography recordings followed by the anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. Healthy volunteers were selected according to strict inclusion criteria. Preliminary results on MEG sensor space showed a modification of the alpha band right after exposure. Data analyses of MEG recordings on sensor space and source space are still under process and ready results will be presented at the conference
A novel transgenic zebrafish line (cyp19a1a-GFP) : refinement of an OECD test guideline for evaluating the effects of prochloraz on aromatase gene expression and reproduction
No full textInternational audienceConcern about the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive health has stimulated the development of mechanism-based models and assays. In this regard, transgenic fish are powerful biological models that can provide mechanistic information regarding the endocrine activity of test chemicals. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of using a new biological model in an OECD fish screening assay to provide additional mechanistic information, as compared to wild-type models. In the present study, we used a transgenic zebrafish line cyp19a1a-GFP expressing GFP under the control of the “ovarian” aromatase promoter. Based on the OECD Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay (TG229), the effect of a prochloraz (PCZ; 3, 30 and 300µg/L), was assessed on “classical” endpoints. Additionally, fluorescence of ovarian GFP was monitored in vivo at 4 times from T0, to determine the baseline level of fluorescence, to T21 days of exposure to determine the kinetic of perturbation. After 21 days of exposure, a significant decrease in the number of eggs laid per female per day was observed at 300 µg/L. PCZ led to a concentration-dependent inhibition of circulating vitellogenin concentrations in females most probably reflecting the decreasing E2 synthesis due to inhibition of ovarian aromatase activity. GFP intensities were similar over treatment groups at 7 and 14 days of exposure but significantly increased after 21 days of exposure at 30 and 300 µg/L. A similar profile was observed on the endogenous cyp19a1a gene expression analyzed by qPCR. The overexpression of the aromatase gene likely reflects a compensatory response to the inhibitory action of PCZ on aromatase enzymatic activities consistent with the literature on PCZ. Thus, the cyp19a1a-GFP transgenic zebrafish line allows in vivo non-invasive monitoring over time of the GFP fluorescence of the ovary, providing information on aromatase expression and its perturbation. The protocol developed for GFP measures has no observable effects on reproduction and survival of fish. Moreover, it allows evaluation of EDCs effects over time and concentrations. Taken together, our findings highlight that the transgenic cyp19a1a-GFP model is a sensitive and relevant tool, which can bring complementary data without increasing the number of individuals or costs of the experiments
Exposure assessment for pregnant women to a non persistant chemical based on human biomonitoring data by reverse dosimetry modelling
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Large-scale human biomonitoring surveys typically gather biomarker measurements from single time points. For non-persistent compounds, such as Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP, the biomarker levels are known to greatly vary within the same individual over a relatively short period of time. The aim of this work was to evaluate between-day variability for biomarkers, to estimate the exposure to DEHP based on toxicokinetic model and to evaluate the input considering data from questionnaire (meal, urination time) in the daily intake estimates. Methods: Thirty women from 3 countries (France, Spain and Norway) were followed over a week during the second trimester of pregnancy. A protocol was designed specifically to assess the intra-individual variability over the week. Two spot samples per day (first and last voids) over the week were analyzed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated using a one-way random effect model to estimate between- and within- subject variability throughout the week. A toxicokinetic model proposed by Lorber et al., (2010) was applied to back-calculate the exposure levels to DEHP from the urinary metabolite concentrations. Individual data such as the bodyweight, the times of urination, time of meal and the time of sampling were collected from questionnaires and integrated into the model. Results: Significant differences in urinary concentrations were observed between the morning and evening voids. In general, the ICCs calculated are low to moderate indicating a high within-women variability. Overall the ICCs calculated for the morning sample are higher than the evening sample indicating a less within-women variability for the morning sample. Our results obtained by reverse dosimetry showed reduced variability of daily intake estimates compared to biomarker measurements. The estimated daily intakes based on morning measurements were significantly impacted by the exposure time (meal time). Short discussion/conclusions: Our study highlights the major contribution of toxicokinetic modelling towards investigating exposure biomarker variability and points out information that should be obtained in future surveys to better characterize exposure to non-persistent pollutants
Underground gas production and migration induced by mining subsidence
No full textInternational audienceSince 2009, Ineris works on a former mining area of Lorraine coal basin (East of France) where gas emissions occur at surface. Local authorities reported dangerous gas emissions in the local school and in dwellings. Ineris has been mandated to diagnose the gaseous phenomena (origin of the emitted gas and mechanisms of the emissions). The gas emitted at the surface is strongly enriched in CO2 and depleted in O2. It does not contain methane and is not from old coalmines origin. It is produced in shallow rock formations of the unsaturated zone located above the local aquifer. The gas flows to the surface through crevasses resulting from deep mining activities. Here, we observed how geomechanical, hydrogeological and geochemical processes can interact to enable underground processes of gas production and migration
First order safety insights on furanic platform chemicals and their side streams
No full textInternational audienceFuranic platform chemicals have recently gained renewed attention due to their production capability from bio-based sources including lignocellulosic residues, the reuse of which is highly encouraged by the promotion of a circular economy. Apart from lignins, humins, another side-stream residue generated during the acid-catalysed dehydration of C6 and C5 sugars to produce furanic monomers, is currently receiving attention as a renewable carbon source. Plenty of efforts are seen towards application development for these furanics-based chemicals and materials. Nevertheless, safety oriented data or information on these materials is scarce and this may hinder the market for new products made out of these chemicals/materials. To compliment this, the current study specifically focuses on the fire risk assessment of humins and many other furanic compounds of commercial interest. The study aims at generating safety-oriented data which may assist the user to understand the anticipated risk profiles for making a fair decision on their selection for the desired application
Full waveform-based automatic monitoring of microseismic activity using high sampling rate records: application to Garpenberg mine (Sweden)
No full textInternational audienceRecent studies demonstrated success of automatic full waveform detection and location methods in analyzing and monitoring natural and induced seismicity. These approaches provided a significant improvement in events detectability increasing the significance of statistical analysis permitting to identify small changes of seismicity rates in space and time. It is expected that application of full waveform-based method to seismic monitoring of active mines could significantly improve forecasting of potential destructive rock-burst events. However, such implementations are currently non-trivial and by far nonstandard. Main challenges here come from the presence of a wide range of seismic sources related to mining activity and a high sampling rates of recorded data (~ kHz) posing problems for real-time data transfer and processing. We present an adapted, full waveform-based automatic method for detection and location of microseismic events that makes use of continuous seismic records from an in-mine seismic network. The method can be adjusted to a real-time monitoring scheme and consists of two steps: event extraction and amplitude ratio-base preliminary location; and event relocation using coherency-based backprojection approach. The event extraction based on multi-band 2-D signal characterization allows to overcome the challenge of high sampling rate data (8 kHz), reducing the overall volume of transferred data and providing an energy-based signal classification scheme for removing signals from machinery noise sources. The technique is developed and tested on the case study of Garpenberg mine (Sweden) monitored by a high-resolution permanent local seismic network maintained by Ineris. We demonstrate the improvement in event detection capacity offered by our method in comparison to the standard triggered-based monitoring schemes and discuss how the increased number of detected microseismic events permits to better characterize the response of the mine to production activity
Développement d’outils de monitoring pour la surveillance des sites de stockage souterrain d’H2 : premiers résultats de l’expérimentation de simulation de fuite à Catenoy (60)
No full textInternational audienceAfin de s’assurer de l’intégrité des futurs sites de stockage souterrain d’hydrogène gazeux en cavités salines, il est nécessaire de développer et de tester des méthodes de monitoring géochimiques spécifiques. L’objectif est de détecter les potentielles fuites de H2 et de comprendre les processus de transfert associés, pour prévenir tout impact en surface. Dans le cadre du projet ROSTOCK-H financé par le GIS GEODENERGIES, une simulation de fuite sera prochainement réalisée dans une nappe phréatique (à ~20m de prof.) sur un site expérimental du Bassin parisien par injection d’H2 en phase dissoute. Le monitoring déployé repose sur des techniques de mesures directes (H2 en phases dissoute et gazeuse) mais aussi indirectes (par ex. CO2, O2, N2 en phases dissoute et gazeuse, éléments chimiques et potentiel d’oxydo-réduction) via des outils développés par l’Ineris et l’Université de Lorraine. Une première injection test d’hélium a été réalisée au premier semestre 2019, afin de dimensionner celle d’H2 et de valider le protocole expérimental sur site
Toward an integrated system of risk forecasting for pollen allergy in France
No full textInternational audiencePollen allergy is a growing health problem with an increase of sensitized subjects enhanced by plants response adaptation to climate change and by exposure to high concentrations of air pollutants. Linking air quality forecast and pollen estimate is therefore fundamental to assess and reduce allergy risks related to the cocktail effect. Here we present an integrated modelling strategy designed for operational forecasts. The forecast chain is based on the coupling between the ORCHIDEE land surface model and the multi-scale chemistry-transport model CHIMERE. The coupled model allows a full description of pollen production based on plant phenology and climatic conditions and its emission and transport through the atmosphere. The forecast system contains a calibration and evaluation process using 15 years of ground station data of the French aerobiology network (RNSA). The development of such approach is done within the project PREVIPOL with the objective to strengthen the French air quality system PREV’AIR (www.prevair.org) including pollen forecasts. Finally, the outcomes of the modelling system are combained with clinical database to assess the health risk
Pros and cons of smart valorisation and reuse of abandoned underground cavities
No full textInternational audienceThis Keynote lecture deals with the sustainable development of abandoned cavities and underground structures. We discuss the pros and cons of such actions. In fact, France has had a significant historical underground activity. These cavities must be intelligently managed and valued. Cavities should not only be considered as a source of nuisance or risk but may also be an element of sustainable development. The challenges of the society including climate change, energy and ecological issues, calls for a change in the organization and physiology of the city in order to move towards a more sustainable city model. The underground space can contribute to make the city sustainable. The keynote presents some strategic orientations of valorisation of abandoned underground excavations: visits, storage, etc. We present the conditions and the urbanistic modalities of smart re-use of the underground “Brasserie” limestone exploitation(Paris – France) and discuss how these valorisations may contribute to the maintenance of voids and risk prevention
Monitoring of ultrafine particles in French regional air quality network
No full textInternational audienceMonitoring of ultrafine particles (UFP) in the ambient air is ongoing since 2012 in France. A national working group was created in 2014, including nowadays five French regional air quality monitoring networks. The main instrument selected to monitor UFP is the particle sizer “UFP-3031” (TSI Inc.). It measures the particle number concentration between 20 and 800 nm with six size channels. Two intercomparisons were organized in 2014 and 2015, which evaluated the accuracy of this instrument through a comparison with other techniques (such as Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, SMPS), and through uncertainty calculations. Recently, several networks have been also equipped with CPC (condensation particle counter) to be able to measure the total UFP number concentration from 7 nm. This work presents the main results of short and long-term measurement of UFP which have been carried out in various environments: urban/traffic sites, near heavy industry zones (Dunkerque and Fos-sur-Mer in northern and southern France, respectively), near harbor area (Nice)… For urban/ traffic environment, the number concentration and size distribution are compared at the national level; it appears that they vary significantly depending on the influence of road traffic around the site. The concentration levels near traffic sites are at least twice than in the urban area, especially for UFP smaller than 50 nm. Additionally, the UFP measurement also makes it possible to improve the identification of specific sources and to understand the atmospheric physicochemical phenomena. The relationship between UFP and industrial emissions, ferries, forest fires was clearly identified in different places in France. During summer, the UFP monitoring also shows the formation of new particles (between 20-30 nm or smaller) in the afternoon, due to photochemical reactions. From 2019, the French national strategy on UFP will start putting a particular emphasis on the impact of UFP on human health