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Empowering civil society through participatory investigation? European Round Table Workshop
No full textThe report summarises the main conversations at and around the workshop "Empowering civil society through participatory investigation?". The event was dedicated to exploring new types of interactions between science and society, which we called participatory investigation, and how such interactions can contribute to the empowerment of civil society. We wanted to discuss such interactions from the perspective of civil society organisations (NGOs), a point of view that has so far been largely neglected, at least in the European citizen science community. The workshop was organised in collaboration by European Citizen Science Association (ECSA), especially the H2020 project Doing it Together Science (DITOs), Pour une alliance sciences en société (ALLISS), Institut francilien recherche, innovation, société (IFRIS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences Innovations Sociétés (LISIS) and the Living Knowledge Network (LKN)
The effect of antenna polarization and body morphology on the measurement uncertainty of a wearable multi-band distributed exposure meter
No full textInternational audienceThis paper studies the effect of antenna polarization on measurement uncertainty of a multi-band body-worn distributed exposure meter (BWDM). The BWDM is a device for assessing electromagnetic fields in real environments accurately. The BWDM consists of 8 nodes and is calibrated on the body for simultaneous measurement of the incident power density in four frequency bands. Each node contains an antenna that can have two potential antenna polarizations.The BWDM is calibrated on four human subjects in an anechoic chamber to determine its measurement uncertainty in terms of 68% confidence interval (CI68) of the on-body antenna aperture. The results show that using a fixed polarization of the antennas on body can lead to a different CI68 up to maximum 4.9 dB when worn by another person which is still 9.6 dB lower than the measurement uncertainty of commercial exposure meters
Collaborative platform for respiratory route toxicology and exposure to electromagnetic fields
No full textInternational audienceINERIS has developed a collaborative platform dedicated to in vivo rodent toxicology, with a focus on method standardization and the development of alternative methods. This state-of-the-art facility of 1000 m2 is composed of mice and rat housing areas and innovative experimental installations, allowing exposure to chemical agents, including nanoparticles, as well as to physical agents, such as electromagnetic fields. Equipments and rooms are dedicated to studies using the respiratory route (nose-only or whole-body exposure). This includes a complete rat inhalation system devoted to exposure to nanoparticles, composed of nose-only exposure chambers, associated metrology for full aerosol characterization, and nanoparticle aerosol generators. In addition, these generators and metrology system can also be associated to an air-liquid interface VitrocellTM system, allowing in vitro/in vivo comparisons or in vitro research of underlying mechanisms. Results from in vitro/in vivo comparison performed with TiO2 nanoparticles will be presented. A separate area of the facility is dedicated to exposure to electromagnetic fields and the assessment of their effects on health. This includes anechoic reverberating chambers allowing controlled metrology and continuous exposure to environmental doses of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Effects of electromagnetic fields on the central nervous system and on reproduction are investigated. Preliminary work and results will be presented. Aside of these dedicated equipments, standard general toxicity, pulmonary, reproductive and neurologic toxicity of environmental chemicals, can be evaluated, with available complementary ex vivo and in vitro analytical (biochemical analyses, histology, etc.) facilities. This facility is GLP-compliant, and therefore also suitable for regulatory studies
Combined exposure to ultraviolet and radiofrequency radiation of reconstructed human skin model in vitro (SKIN-RF project)
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to examine whether the combined exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and radiofrequency (RF) exposure have any effect on cytokine (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8) and MMP-1enzyme secretion on in vitro reconstructed human skin model. The full thickness skin models were exposed to UV radiation (2 SED, 4 SED) and radiofrequency (Wi-Fi, UMTS). The IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1concentrations were measured 24 hours after UV and RF exposures from the culture media by the ELISA method. This experiment was done for the project named “Cellular response to co-exposure of radiofrequency (RF) and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in human in vitro skin model (SKIN-RF)”
Effect of radiofrequency exposure on body temperature in mice
No full textInternational audienceThe evolution of communication technology brings great benefits to our daily life. Besides, this rapid expansion has raised concerns about their possible impact on public health. In this study, we found that repeated exposure to a low intensity 900 MHz radiofrequency induced changes in body temperature of mice. However, TRPM8 receptors don’t seem to be involved in mediating the effect of radiofrequency
Overview of the ACMCC particulate organonitrates (pON) intercomparison
No full textInternational audienceParticulate organonitrates (pON) account for significant fraction (5-80% by mass) of total OA in ambient air. They are formed from the reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with atmospheric oxidants (OH/NO3 radicals) and NOx. Their quantification can be achieved using aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS), based on the characteristic mass fragment ratio (NO2+/NO+) allowing the distinction from inorganic nitrate. However, the accuracy of the low-resolution aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) to determine pON has not yet been evaluated. At the Aerosol Chemical Monitor Calibration Centre (AMCC), an intercomparison for the measurements of pON has been performed in order to obtain a stable and constant generation of pON, so to compare simultaneously the response of nine different AMS/ACSM systems (long-TOF-AMS vs ACSMs; Quads vs TOFs; standard vs capture vaporizers), as well as to investigate the pON physical properties and chemical composition..
Domino effect analysis in industrial sites
No full textInternational audienceAmong all industrial accidents, those involving domino effects, that means the complex escalation and propagation of an accident in chemical and process industries, are amongst the most damaging. This kind of accident can lead to consequences over the population and the environment around the installations involved. For example, catastrophic accidents can be mentioned as that in Feyzin (1966), in Mexico City (1984), in Tianjin (2015). The good knowledge of cascading effects and their management is a real issue within an industrial site. This article introduces an approach developed by INERIS to better understand domino effects and help writers to integrate domino effects in hazard studies or in specific domino effect studies. This approach proposes the identification and assessment of domino scenarios. It follows work accomplished since 2002 about structural resistance due to accidental load
Explosive and pyrotechnic wastes management practices
No full textInternational audienceIn the life cycle of explosives and pyrotechnics, disposal operations are not to be forgotten. This is most critical when one needs to get rid of large amounts of materials or articles due to overrun of shelf life. It can be the case when non-conform products are generated without possibilities of reprocessing or more frequently in situation of decommissioning unused explosives which will be considered as wastes. Due to the nature of these wastes thorough regulations as well as various technical processes have been developed for their control and elimination with high safety considerations. In this frame, the disposal operations are not only limited to the destruction itself but could usually cover other operations like transportation, collection, sorting, neutralization or residues and effluents treatment. In this work, we illustrate some operations and give examples of different techniques for the disposal of mining or military explosives, fireworks, pyrotechnic articles for vehicles or for marine distress signals. Several practices in place are also described and their advantages and drawbacks are commented
Improvement of air quality simulations over urban areas
No full textInternational audienceIn urban areas, meteorology is affected by the presence of buildings leading to very complex processes which makes air quality simulation particularly difficult in the near-ground layers. To improve the air quality simulation in the urban areas, a chemistry-transport model (CHIMERE) driven by a mesoscale meteorological model (WRF) is used to simulate air pollutant concentrations during the winter 2016 over the Ile-de-France region especially during a short-term pollution episode in December at a resolution of 1.67km. Three urban canopy schemes are examined in this study: (1) a reference scheme (SLAB) that does not consider urban canopy parameters; (2) a multilayer urban canopy model with considered building effect parameterization (BEP); (3) multilayer urban models including energy exchange between inside and outside of the building (BEM). Compared with observations, all the schemes cannot accurately simulate the 2 meters temperature during the pollution episode and two urban canopy schemes underestimated 10 meters wind speed for the whole episode. Nudging above PBL improved 2 meters temperature simulations but did not significantly improves the 10 meters wind speed simulation. The two urban canopy schemes show better performances than the reference scheme for surface PM2.5, PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. All schemes massively underestimated both primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations particularly during the short-term pollution episode. These results stress the importance of emissions inventories and meteorological input data for the quality of simulations. A new vertical diffusion parametrization under PBL with input data from WRF will be developed in the next step
