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Mats BENNER, The New Global Politics of Science: Knowledge, Markets and the State. Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, Mass., Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, 232 p
No full textInternational audienc
Course of explosion behaviour of metallic powders – From micron to nanosize
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Évaluation probabiliste de l’exposition spatialisée des populations : analyse de la contribution des sols
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Comparing the accuracy of personal radiofrequency measurements using commercially available exposimeters with a novel body-worn measurement device
No full textInternational audienceWe developed a new RF-EMF meter with sensors distributed over the front and back side of a vest, performed measurements in different microenvironments in five countries and compared results with commercially available exposimeters that are frequently used in epidemiological studies
Survival of glioma patients in relation to mobile phone use in Denmark, Finland and Sweden
No full textInternational audiencePurpose : Gliomas are the most common cancer of the brain, with a poor prognosis in particular for glioblastoma. In 2014, a study suggested reduced survival in relation to latency of mobile phone use among glioblastoma patients. A joint epidemiological/experimental project to study effects of RF-EMF on tumor development and progression was established. The current analysis relates to the epidemiological part and addresses whether pre-diagnostic mobile phone use was associated with survival among glioma patients. Methods : Glioma cases (n = 806) previously enrolled in a collaborative population-based case–control study in Denmark, Finland and Sweden were followed up for survival. Vital status, date of death, date of emigration, or date last known to be alive was obtained based on registry linkages with a unique personal ID in each country. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) stratified by country. Covariates investigated were sex, age, education, histology, treatment, anatomic location and marital status. Results : No indication of reduced survival among glioblastoma patients was observed for various measures of mobile phone use (ever regular use, time since start of regular use, cumulative call time overall or in the last 12 months) relative to no or non-regular use. All significant associations suggested better survival for mobile phone users. Results were similar for high-grade and low-grade gliomas. Conclusions : We found no evidence of reduced survival among glioma patients in relation to previous mobile phone use
Maternal cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, prematurity and birth weight : a pooled analysis of two birth cohorts
No full textInternational audienceBackground Data on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on pregnancy outcomes are inconclusive. Objectives To study the relation between maternal cumulative exposure to ELF-EMF during pregnancy and the risk of prematurity or small for gestational age in a pooled analysis of two French birth cohorts. Methods Elfe and Epipage2 are both population-based birth cohorts initiated in 2011 and included 18 329 and 8400 births respectively. Health data and household, mother and child characteristics were obtained from medical records, by face-to-face interview at maternity, and completed during follow-up. A recently updated job-exposure-matrix (JEM) was used to assess cumulative exposure to ELF-EMF during three periods: 1) until 15, 2) until 28 and 3) until 32 weeks of gestation. Analyses were restricted to single live births in mainland France and to mothers with documented jobs (n=19,894). Differences in selection frame between the two cohorts were controlled using a propensity score weighting method. We used multiple imputation method to deal with missing data. Logistic regression models adjusted for the main potential confounders were used. Results According to the period studied, 3.2% to 4% of mothers were classified as highly exposed to ELF-EMF. An increased risk of spontaneous prematurity was observed among the most exposed groups in period 2 and period 3. Overall, no consistent association with small for gestational age was found. Conclusion This study, with substantial statistical power provides evidence of a possible association between cumulative exposure to ELF-EMF during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous prematurity
Change on temperature pattern in resting mice exposed to mobile phone RF
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Fusion de données en utilisant des observations de micro-capteurs pour la cartographie de la qualité de l'air : application à Nantes
No full textInternational audienceLes développements technologiques récents et l'intérêt croissant pour l'information du public sont à l'origine d'un essor rapide de l'utilisation des micro-capteurs pour la surveillance de la qualité de l'air. Des campagnes de mesures sont menées pour évaluer le potentiel de ces instruments de mesure à bas coût en déployant des capteurs fixes (installés sur des bâtiments, du mobilier urbain, des stations de référence) et/ou mobiles (embarqués sur des véhicules, des vélos ou portés par des piétons). Ces expériences permettent de mesurer les concentrations de polluants à haute résolution spatiale et temporelle. La quantité importante d'informations ainsi collectées offre de nouvelles opportunités de développements dans la modélisation et la cartographie de la qualité de l'air à l'échelle urbaine. Ce travail vise à prendre le meilleur de ces capteurs malgré leur grande incertitude de mesure pour contribuer à i) la sensibilisation du public, ii) la surveillance de la qualité de l'air, iii) l'évaluation de l'exposition individuelle et iv) l'amélioration des inventaires d'émissions et de la modélisation. Une méthode de fusion de données est présentée pour cartographier la qualité de l'air à l'échelle urbaine en utilisant les observations de micro-capteurs, les modèles de dispersion et les informations de type SIG. Ce développement est associé à de nombreux challenges tels que la considération i) du changement rapide de position du capteur s'il est mobile, ii) la variabilité temporelle des mesures, iii) l'analyse d'un jeu de données très volumineux et hétérogène, iv) la représentativité spatiale des mesures et v) les incertitudes de mesure. L'approche est appliquée pour l'estimation des PM10 à Nantes à partir des données de la startup AtmoTrack en collaboration étroite avec Air Pays de la Loire (qui est une Association Agrées Surveillance Qualité de l'Air). Ces travaux montrent que les observations de capteurs fixes et mobiles sont comparables aux mesures de station de référence, toutefois leur incertitude de mesure est définie comme étant 2 à 3 fois plus grande. L'incertitude de mesure, la dispersion et la fréquence d'observation sont des paramètres décisifs pour l'estimation des concentrations du polluant. Des efforts sont encore à fournir pour réduire cette incertitude et optimiser le plan d'échantillonnage afin d'augmenter la valeur ajoutée de ces observations pour les cartographies de la qualité de l'air
Long term behavior of a chalk : effect of relative humidity and flooding
No full textInternational audienceThe shallow underground room-and-pillar mines where chalk rocks were extract-ed are now abandoned and are enduring the effects of time and weathering which increase their risk of collapse. The Parisian Basin in France contains many abandoned underground chalk mines and number of them were already instrumented or subjected to a feedback analysis aimed to aid the development of prevention strategies. Campaigns of laboratory characterization are often conducted to complete the understanding of the hydromechanical behavior of these chalks. For instance, laboratory characterization was conducted to understand the long-term behavior, among other, of Saint-Martin-le-Noeud chalk with respect to the relative humidity for levels ranging between 90% and 100%, the most representative of the in situ conditions of abandoned underground openings. The main conclusions are: (a) the existence of stress and relative hu-midity thresholds from which the creep of this chalk starts, (b) the flooding at the last levels of stress and hygrometry leads to an accelerated creep causing the ruin of samples without transient phase
