HAL-INERIS
Not a member yet
8807 research outputs found
Sort by
Design of an Integrated Platform for Mapping Residential Exposure to Rf-Emf Sources
No full textInternational audienc
Evaluating the explosion severity of nanopowders: International standards versus reality
No full textInternational audienceThe maximum explosion overpressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise, which characterize the dust explosion severity, are commonly measured in apparatuses and under specific conditions defined by international standards. However, those standards conditions, designed for micropowders, may not be fully adapted to nanoparticles. Investigations were conducted on different nanopowders (nanocellulose, carbon black, aluminum) to illustrate their specific behaviors and highlight the potential inadequacy of the standards. The influence of the sample preparation was explored. Various testing procedures were compared, focusing on the dust cloud turbulence and homogeneity. Dust dispersion experiments evidenced the importance of the characterization of the dust cloud after dispersion, due to the fragmentation of agglomerates, using metrics relevant with nanoparticles reactivity (e.g. surface diameter instead of volume diameter). Moreover, the overdriving phenomenon (when the experimental results become dependent of the ignition energy), already identified for micropowders, can be exacerbated for nanoparticles due to their low minimum ignition energy and to the high energy used under standard conditions. It was evidenced that for highly sensitive nanopowders, pre-ignition phenomenon can occur. Finally, during severe explosions and due to a too long opening delay of the ‘fast acting valve’, the flame can go back to the dust container
Anthropogenic Release and Distribution of Titanium Dioxide Particles in a River Downstream of a Nanomaterial Manufacturer Industrial Site
No full textInternational audienceSeveral industries manufacture and process large quantities of engineered nanomaterials, thus increasing the potential for their environmental release during waste management and disposal. Herein, we quantified the release and spatial distribution of titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2 NMs) emitted from an industrial waste stream that flows into a nearby river. Two sampling campaigns were carried out on the river in fall 2017 and spring 2018 at selected sites upstream and downstream of the Industrial Effluent and an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Significant Ti accumulation was detected in the sediments at the Industrial Effluent and WWTP sites for both fall and spring samples, with measured Ti concentrations of 75–193 mg Ti/kg reaching 21–55× that of the local background upstream. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the anatase and rutile mineralogy of the inputs. River surface waters were filtered on-site to distinguish between particulate (>0.20 μm), colloidal (0.02–0.20 μm), and dissolved and/or small nanoparticulate (NP) (0.20 μm), and that the particles sediment rapidly near the emission source and accumulate in the sediment
Le projet LILAS : Living Labs et autres approches participatives appliquées à la recherche sur les multi-expositions environnementales et les risques chroniques
No full textNational audienceContexte :Les sciences participatives en santé environnementale restent peu développées en France. Les objectifs poursuivis par les recherches en santé environnement (ex: estimer des expositions, évaluer des risques, tester des actions préventives) et méthodes employées sont variés. Les opportunités de plus grandes implications de la société civile et défis associés peuvent également différer à chaque étape de ces recherches. Ces aspects demandent à être mieux appréhendés collectivement. LILAS vise, en amont du développement de futurs projets de recherches participatives sur les multi-expositions environnementales, à 1) co-construire, entre chercheurs institutionnels et représentants de la société civile, une bonne compréhension commune des principales problématiques et méthodes de recherche en santé environnementale, de leurs enjeux, prérequis, forces et limites 2) identifier les bénéfices et points de vigilance liés à l’introduction de plus fortes dimensions participatives dans ces recherches. Méthode :LILAS a rassemblé une vingtaine de chercheurs institutionnels, académiques et représentants de la société civile intéressés par de multiples expositions environnementales (chimiques, radiologiques). Une recherche bibliographique a été initiée pour tirer le retour d’expérience de projets de sciences participatives à l’international. Plusieurs réunions ont permis d’identifier collectivement différents types d’études et de réfléchir sur les apports, limites et précautions méthodologiques relatifs à l’introduction de différents degrés de participation dans celles-ci. Une matrice d’analyse a été co-construite puis alimentée par les participants.Résultats :Pour différents types d’études (évaluations d’expositions multiples, identification de déterminants, tests d’interventions, développement de capteurs et applications, évaluations de risques sanitaires, études épidémiologiques, recherches expérimentales, études sur la santé des écosystèmes…), la matrice liste les bénéfices attendus pour différentes catégories de parties prenantes, les conditions méthodologiques (ex : contrôle des biais, puissance statistique) et contraintes associées, les avantages et limites relatives à l’emploi d’approches participatives ou plus “classiques”.Conclusion :LILAS a permis, par acculturation croisée, de poser des bases consolidées pour la co-construction de futurs projets de recherches participatives sur les multi-expositions environnementales
Environmental radiofrequency electromagnetic field levels in a department of pediatrics
No full textInternational audiencePreterm neonates constitute a vulnerable population that is highly sensitive to its environment. Given the increased use of wireless communication devices (mobile and digital enhanced cordless telecommunications, WiFi networks, etc.), neonates hospitalized in a department of pediatrics are potentially exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). Strikingly, data on RF-EMF levels in pediatric units have not previously been published. The objective of the present study was thus to quantify the RF-EMF levels in a 34-bed tertiary department of pediatrics with a neonatal critical care unit (NCCU) and a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). To this end, we used triaxle antenna dosimeters to map the RF-EMF levels in the environment and to measure spot emissions from medical devices. In a first set of experiments, RF-EMF levels at 144 points in the staff area and in the children's rooms in the NCCU and NICU were evaluated over a 24-h period. In a second set of measurements performed in a Faraday chamber, we measured the RF-EMF levels emitted by the medical devices to which neonates are potentially exposed in the department of pediatrics. The RF-EMF levels were significantly higher in the NCCU than in the NICU (p < 0.05). Although the two units did not differ significantly with regard to the average maximum values, the single greatest value recorded in the NCCU (6 V/m GSM + UMTS 900 (UL) frequency band, in the staff area) was more than twice that recorded in the NICU (3.70 V/m in the UMTS 2100 (UL) frequency band, in the children's rooms). The NCCU and NICU did not differ significantly with regard to the time during which the RF-EMF level at each measurement point was more than two standard deviations above its mean. The RF-EMF level was significantly higher during the day than during the night (p < 0.001). The various medical devices used in the NICU did not emit detectable amounts of RF. Overall, RF-EMF levels in the NCCU and NICU were very low. It is probable that the RF-EMFs measured here were primarily generated by the parents' and staff members' activities, rather than by medical devices. However, a combination of low-level, chronic exposure with transient, elevated peak values in a vulnerable population of preterm neonates may be of particular concern. In a department of pediatrics, decreasing preterm neonates’ exposure to RF-EMFs should primarily involve a limitation on the use of wireless communication devices by staff members and parents
Usefulness of the transgenic cyp19a1b-GFP zebrafish model to refine the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test (FET)
No full textInternational audienc
