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An international dataset on organic molecule concentrations in soil and related kitchen garden crops
No full textInternational audienceKitchen garden crops offer many environmental, socio-economic and health benefits but can also result in land use changes that may increase citizens’ exposure to pollutants. In this context, a dataset of organic molecules, based on an analysis of scientific literature was created, entitled BAPPOP (BAse de données sur la contamination des Plantes Potagères par les molécules Organiques Polluantes, i.e. dataset on contamination of kitchen garden plants by organic pollutants). BAPPOP compiles 6246 entries collected from 87 publications and 3 reports linking data on organic molecule’ concentrations in kitchen garden soil and crops. Additional information relative to the conditions for which the data have been obtained complete the dataset: organic molecule descriptions, soil properties, plant descriptions and treatments, experimental and analytical methods, as well as bibliographic information. This dataset is suitable for various stakeholders involved in environmental analyses both to compare site specific results to scientific literature data and secondly to predictively evaluate organic molecule’ concentrations and their transfer to kitchen garden crops based on the soil concentration
Multi-parameter time series dataset recorded during blowdown of CO2 and mixtures from à 2m³ sphere, up to 130 bar and down to -50°C
No full textInternational audienceThis dataset supports research on CO₂ blowdown phenomena relevant to the design of CCS/CCUSsystems. Blowdown involves rapid depressurisation, causing complex heat transfer between gas andvessel walls. Modelling these processes is challenging, and comprehensive experimental data arelimited, particularly those obtained at realistic scales.Experiments were conducted using the TRIPHASYX research Infrastructure. This setup featurespressure, temperature, and thermal flux sensors, as well as load cells to measure mass flow rateaccurately. Tests involved pure CO₂, methane, and mixtures of CO₂ and CH₄ under various initialconditions.The dataset comprises 10 experimental batches, each with seven synchronised Excel files containingtime-series data. It captures temperature, pressure, heat flux, and mass flow rate during blowdownevents. These large-scale experiments provide valuable insights for validating CO₂-specific modelsand enhancing the design of CCS/CCUS equipment
Toolbox for accurate estimation and validation of Positive Matrix Factorization solutions in Particulate Matter source apportionment
No full textInternational audiencePositive matrix factorization (PMF) is the most commonly used approach for particulate matter source apportionment; however, the implementation steps of the model require considerable user experience. Most studies apply PMF according to the recommendations of the Environmental Protection Agency and the European Commission, while relatively few studies focus on further developing the PMF methodology. This study aims to develop a systematic method that reduces some subjective aspects when performing a PMF study, providing recommendations and tools for its application and validation. A total of 13 targeted tests were conducted to address key sources of subjectivity in PMF, categorized into three critical aspects: preparation of the input matrix, selecting the number of sources, and validation of the PMF solution. The results of the first step highlighted that using a single source tracer reduces the tracer's dispersion into other sources, leading to more accurate results. The second stage tests suggested that the selection of a source tracer should be based on low uncertainty and specific temporal evolution, in order to facilitate the determination of a new source without compromising the PMF solution. Finally, the validation step was set up as an advanced comparison of the PMF-derived source profiles with those in the literature, including SPECIEUROPE database, using the ratio of chemicals and distance metrics. All outcomes of this study are compiled into a Python package providing essential tools to support the work from PMF implementation to solution validation, leading to less subjective solutions and more rigorous and reliable source apportionment
Analysis of source regions and transport pathways of sub-micron aerosol components in Europe
No full textInternational audienceIt is important to study aerosols and their origins, as they pose various negative health and environmental impacts. In this study, we combined year-long datasets from 15 different countries with Trajectory Statistical Methods (TSMs) on such a comprehensive scale for the first time. We found possible source regions and seasonal variations of various particulate matter (PM) components, including total organic aerosol (OA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), oxygenated OA (OOA), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), and sulphate (SO4) in Europe. We found that for all of the studied components, Eastern Europe was among the highest contributors. For NO3, other important source regions were northern France and the Benelux, while for SO4, there were significant contributions from the Mediterranean region. We also compared our measurementbased model with simulated concentrations of an atmospheric chemistry transport model (CAMx).We observed a satisfactory agreement in regions where we had sufficient coverage with air pollution monitoring stations. The main deviations for OA were found around the Po Valley, where CAMx consistently estimated higher concentrations, while the TSM analysis did not highlight it as a hot spot because long-term monitoring data sets in this region are lacking. CAMx also underestimated the concentrations around Poland, mainly from residential burning. Our results provide opportunities to refine European emission inventories and deliver valuable information on long-range transported air pollutants. It suggests that policies mitigating air pollution in Eastern Europe and the Benelux could help improve overall air quality in entire Europe more efficiently.</div
Long-term impact of embryonic exposure to ethinylestradiol and clotrimazole on behavior and neuroplasticity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
No full textInternational audienceEstrogen receptors (ER) are widely expressed in the brain of many species and experimental results highlighted the role of estradiol in neuronal plasticity and behavior. Consequently, the brain is therefore a prime target for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interacting with estrogen signaling. Very little is known about the late effects of early disruption of estrogen signaling by EDCs. We focused on: ethinylestradiol (EE2; ER agonist) and clotrimazole (inhibitor of key steroidogenesis enzymes, including aromatases). Zebrafish eleutheroembryos were exposed (0-5 days) and then raised normally until adulthood. Several behavioral tests were performed in adults, then cell proliferation and dopaminergic neurons were quantified in several brain regions using immunostaining. Overall, a developmental exposure to EDCs stimulates cell proliferation in the dorsal telencephalon. At environmentally-relevant concentrations, male fish exposed to EE2 exhibited increased activity levels and decreased social behavior, posing a potential risk to population balance and health
Inter-laboratory validation study of an in vitro glucocorticoid receptor transactivation assay for testing potential endocrine disrupting chemicals
No full textInternational audienceThe glucocorticoid receptor (GR) belongs to the family of steroid receptors (SRs). These receptors regulate a vastselection of cell-, tissue-, and organism biology, and are also targets of endocrine disrupting chemicals warrantingdesign and validation of in vitro assays. Here we report a “blinded” ring trial of an in vitro cell-based GRtransactivation assay with four involved laboratories. The laboratories set up the assay and tested 34 selectedchemicals with remarkably good concordance. There was agreement between all laboratories for the classificationof activity in 97 % of the cases, and three or more laboratories were always in agreement. The withinlaboratory concordance was very high (99.6 %) with only one of all 272 triplicates deviating. The assay was,thus, deemed easily transferable and reproducible within and between laboratories, since they would arrive atthe same qualitative results. Furthermore, for the chemicals with solid data regarding GR activation or inhibition,the laboratories arrived at the expected conclusion in all cases. Overall, the transfer and validation were successful,and the method is under evaluation to become an OECD test guideline. The method is expected tobecome valuable in tiered approaches for assessing chemicals or environmental samples together with othersimilar methods
Validation of a new standard for safety characteristics of hybrid mixtures: HYBRID II
No full textInternational audienceSafety characteristics are used for the safe operation of processes. In a first step it is checked whether the usedcomponent is combustible and if so, in which quantities respectively in which concentration if mixed with air(explosive region) determining the lower and the upper explosion limit. If it can’t be guaranteed that the processis run outside the explosive region, constructive measures may be undertaken, as for technical processes it isoften assumed that an ignition source is available. Designing protection measures requires explosion characteristicsto be determined, namely the maximum explosion pressure (pmax) and the maximum rate of pressure rise(dp/dt)max.Safety characteristics of single-phase components (solid, liquid or gas) can be determined accordingto standards that were developed 40 years ago and are continuously improved. For hybrid mixtures containing aflammable gas and a combustible dust there has been an approach in the 80s but it has never been improved norapplied ever since (ISO 6184-3). A new approach by four German research facilities and the German Institute forstandardization (DIN) with the aim of developing a new standard was launched in 2019. In 2022 the key findingsled to a first international round robin test with eleven participating facilities from seven countries (Spitzer et al.(2023)). The dust component was corn starch and methane was chosen as gas component.In order to strengthen the data foundation before finalizing and publishing the new standard, a second roundrobin test was initiated with hydrogen as gas component and lycopodium as dust. The dust was provided by Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg (OvGU), tested and sent by the German National Metrology Institute(PTB) to the participating facilities.The paper will summarize the findings and their influence on the new standard
Insights on the method to carry out the methane emissions inventory from abandoned underground coal mines in France
No full textInternational audienceTo comply with the ‘EU Methane Strategy’ adopted by the European Commission in 2020, a new regulationon methane emission reduction in the energy sector (EU) 2024/1787 has been adopted. Accounting for 38%of methane emissions within the energy sector in 2022 (EEA 2024), the new regulation includes the monitoringof methane emissions from both active and abandoned mining activities. Such regulation requires setting upand making publicly available, an inventory of all opened and recently closed/abandoned underground coalmines in the country. For each mine, if the methane emissions of a mining component (mainly former shafts,boreholes, or galleries) are above 0.5 t CH4/year, hourly monitoring is required through the installation ofmeasurement equipment.The new regulation raises two main challenges regarding its implementation, without currently providing anystandard or technical guidance. To date, the first concerns the methodology to carry out the inventory at sucha large‐scale, with the need to deal with archives, historical and incomplete data for ancient, abandonedmines. The second challenge concerns the feasibility of continuously measuring emissions at a very lowresolution of 0.5 t CH4/year for a large diversity of mining component configurations.To address the first challenge of the national inventory methodology, Ineris has developed an operationalworkflow for the French case study (Ineris 2025), inspired by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) guidelines and the previous studies from the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), thataccounts for the lack of data and the diversity of mine and mining component configurations.The methodology estimates, at the basin‐to‐mine scale, the emissions using an approach based on theemission factor (EF). Due to the current uncertainties of this approach, the emissions estimates arequalitatively used to prioritise the mines and emissive components field verification prior to theinstrumentation stage. Further improvements would allow to move to a quantitative approach
When Plans Meet Reality: The tangle of Improvisation and Planning in Crisis Situations
No full textInternational audiencePlanning is crucial in crisis preparedness. Yet well-prepared plans often fail to provide an adequate response due to the unpredictability of crises. Consequently, responses often require improvisation, shaped by contingencies and time constraints. However, research on risks frequently puts planning and improvisation at odds. In this paper, we overcome the seemingly contradictory nature of planning and improvisation and explore how they intertwine in complex technological emergencies. Although organizations develop a wide range of plans, complete prediction of crises is out of reach. That's why we propose that improvisation and planning are complementary to strengthen the resilience of organizations in crisis management. To better understand improvisation, researchers have studied it at individual, group and organizational levels, focusing on its characteristics and dimensions. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the full impact of improvisation, how it interacts with existing crisis plans, and how it unfolds during crises. This article aims to fill these gaps by exploring the influence of improvised actions on the execution of existing crisis management plans
Facteurs de bioconcentration pour les plantes potagères: Intérêts et limites des BCF expérimentaux
No full textInternational audienceLa détermination expérimentale des facteurs de bioconcentration (BCF) est essentielle pour modéliser le transfert des polluants chimiques. Cette étude porte sur les polluants organiques et inorganiques caractéristiques de friches ou de terres dégradées ayant pour origine les activités industrielles/anthropiques ou encore liés à des anomalies géochimiques naturelles. Deux projets de recherche TROPHé11 et CARTHAGE22 ont permis de générer plusieurs BCF pour les PCDD/F et les PCB (BCF sol-plante), et pour les HAP (BCF sol-plante et BCF air-plante), respectivement. Les BCF générés pour les métaux sont issus des études environnementales et sanitaires menées à proximité d’anciennes exploitations minières. Parmi les composés étudiés dans le cadre de cette rétrospective, les BCF sol-plante sont globalement plus faibles pour les composés organiques comme les PCDD/F et les HAP. Les valeurs sont intermédiaires pour les métaux avec une grande disparité selon les composés et les espèces végétales (1 à 3 ordres de grandeur). Les PCB se distinguent par des BCF sol-plante plus élevés, voire supérieurs à 1 pour certains congénères (spécificité de la famille de cucurbitacées dont la courgette fait partie). Les BCF expérimentaux obtenus en culture en pleine terre peuvent être considérés comme des BCF globaux, ne permettant pas de dissocier le transfert racinaire du « rain-splash » par exemple. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent une forte variabilité des valeurs BCF. Il convient ainsi d’être vigilant lors de leur sélection et de comprendre les facteurs influant majoritairement les transferts dans les végétaux pour orienter les évaluateurs de risques sanitaires vers un choix éclairé