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Les leviers d’action pour un mix énergétique propre et sûr au service de la transition énergétique dans les territoires
No full textNational audienceLes territoires multiplient leurs efforts pour atteindre les objectifs de la loi de transition énergétique pour la croissance verte, parmi lesquels figure la nécessité de porter la part des énergies renouvelables à 32 % de la consommation finale brute d’énergie en 2030. Cet article vise à recenser les risques industriels et environnementaux liés à l’émergence à la fois de nouveaux acteurs impliqués dans le déploiement des énergies renouvelables et de nouveaux matériaux et technologies. Associées à ces risques, des solutions techniques et organisationnelles sont proposées pour les maîtriser et tenter de faire de la transition une opportunité pour les territoires
Classification des principales méthodes d’analyse des risques combinant la sécurité et la sûreté
No full textInternational audienceLes systèmes industriels utilisent des technologies issues de l’informatique et sont de plus en plus vulnérables à des cyber attaques pouvant affecter l’environnement et les humains. L’article présente et classifie des méthodes intégrant l’analyse des risques de sûreté et de sécurité de ces systèmes
Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on Thermal Sensitivity in the Rat
No full textInternational audienceThe World Health Organization and the French Health Safety Agency (ANSES) recognize that the expressed pain and suffering of electromagnetic field hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) people are a lived reality requiring daily life adaptations to cope. Mechanisms involving glutamatergic N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors were not explored yet, despite their possible role in hypersensitivity to chemicals. Here, we hypothesized that radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposures may affect pain perception under a modulatory role played by the NMDA receptor. The rats were exposed to RF-EMF for four weeks (five times a week, at 0 (sham), 1.5 or 6 W/kg in restraint) or were cage controls (CC). Once a week, they received an NMDA or saline injection before being scored for their preference between two plates in the two-temperatures choice test: 50 °C (thermal nociception) versus 28 °C. Results in the CC and the sham rats indicated that latency to escape from heat was significantly reduced by −45% after NMDA, compared to saline treatment. Heat avoidance was significantly increased by +40% in the 6 W/kg, compared to the sham exposed groups. RF-EMF effect was abolished after NMDA treatment. In conclusion, heat avoidance was higher after high brain-averaged specific absorption rate, affording further support for possible effect of RF-EMF on pain perception. Further studies need to be performed to confirm these data
Evaluation de la toxicité et de l'activité oestrogénique de substituts du bisphénol A chez le poisson zèbre
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Apports de l'observation et de la modélisation à l'évaluation de l'aléa mouvement de terrain de la falaise de Bonifacio
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Lorsque le travail avec le tiers secteur modifie la production de connaissance : étude de cas en santé-environnement
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Les chemins de l’effet néfaste : comment résoudre le puzzle qui relie les interactions moléculaires aux effets sur le vivant
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Comparative genotoxic potential of 27 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three human cell lines
No full textInternational audiencePolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) form a family of compounds that are generally found in complex mixtures. PAHs can lead to the development of carcinogenesis. The Toxicity Equivalent Factor (TEF) approach has been suggested for estimating the toxicity of PAHs, however, due to the relative weakness of available data, TEF have not been applied for the risk characterization of PAHs as food contaminants in Europe. The determination of new TEFs for a large number of PAHs could overcome some limitations of the current method and improve cancer risk assessment. The present investigation aimed at deriving new TEFs for PAHs, based on their genotoxic effect measured in vitro and analyzed with mathematical models. For this purpose, we used a genotoxicity assay (gamma H2AX) with three human cell lines to analyze the genotoxic properties of 27 selected PAHs after 24 h treatment. For 11 compounds, we did not detect any genotoxic potential. For the remaining 16 PAHs, the concentration-response for genotoxic effect was modelled with the Hill equation; equivalency between PAHs at low dose was assessed by applying constraints to the model parameters. We developed for each compound, in each cell line, Genotoxic Equivalent Factor (GEF). Calculated GEF for the tested PAHs were similar in all cell lines and generally higher than the TEF usually used. These new equivalent factors for PAHs should improve cancer risk assessment
Aggregate and cumulative chronic risk assessment for pyrethroids in the French adult population
No full textInternational audiencePyrethroids are commonly used as insecticides in households, in agriculture or in veterinary and medicinal products. This study aimed to assess cumulative aggregate exposure to cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin in adults in France and the associated health risk, and to identify major contributions of exposure sources and routes. External chronic exposures were estimated from dietary and several environmental sources for the oral, inhalation and dermal routes. Internal concentrations of five associated metabolites were simulated with a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model. The predicted urinary concentrations were in same order of magnitude as those of the French ENNS biomonitoring survey. Dietary exposure, especially from cereals and animal products, was the major source of exposure. For the 1% of adults most highly exposed, dermal exposure to permethrin through medicinal and veterinary products was an important source of exposure. Considering alterations of motor, sensory and autonomic division, all individual margins of exposure were higher than 100, suggesting that no neurotoxic risk associated with the cumulative aggregate exposure to these four pyrethroids is expected for the French adult population