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Effect of non-thermal radiofrequency on body temperature in mice
No full textInternational audienceCommunication technologies based on radiofrequency (RF) propagation bring great benefits to our daily life. However, their rapid expansion raises concerns about possible impacts on public health. At intensity levels below the threshold to produce thermal effects, RF exposure has also recently been reported to elicit biological effects, resembling reactions to cold. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of non-thermal RF on body temperature in mice and the related mechanisms. 3-months-old C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to a continuous RF signal at 900 MHz, 20 ± 5 V.m−1 for 7 consecutive days, twice per day during the light phase, for one hour each time. The SAR was 0.16 ± 0.10 W.kg−1. We showed that body temperature patterns in mice change synchronously with the RF exposure periods. Average body temperature in the light phase in the exposed group was higher than in the control group. The expression of the TRPM8 gene was not affected by RF in trigeminal ganglia. Furthermore, the injection of a TRPM8 antagonist did not induce a temperature decrease in exposed mice, as this was the case for sham-controls. These findings indicate that 900 MHz RF exposure at non-thermal level produce a physiological effect on body temperature in mice. However, the involvement of TRPM8 receptors in the mechanism by which RF induced changes in body temperature of mice which remains to be further explored. It must then be assessed if this effect is extrapolable to man, and if this could lead to consequences on health
Corrigendum: Assessing Sunscreen Lifecycle to Minimize Environmental Risk Posed by Nanoparticulate UV-Filters – A Review for Safer-by-Design Products
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Chronic Low-Dose Exposure to Xenoestrogen Ambient Air Pollutants and Breast Cancer Risk: XENAIR Protocol for a Case-Control Study Nested Within the French E3N Cohort
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Bien gérer son installation sur toutes les étapes de fonctionnement
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Long-range and local air pollution: what can we learn from chemical speciation of particulate matter at paired sites?
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Substantial brown carbon emissions from wintertime residential wood burning over France
No full textInternational audiencelevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic, one of the most potent environmental toxicants and carcinogens, have been detected in well water around Lake Poopó, Bolivia. This study aimed to assess human exposure to arsenic in villages around Lake Poopó, and also to elucidate whether the metabolism and detoxification of arsenic in this population is as efficient as previously indicated in other Andean areas. We recruited 201 women from 10 villages around Lake Poopó. Arsenic exposure was determined as the sum concentration of arsenic metabolites (inorganic arsenic; monomethylarsonic acid, MMA; and dimethylarsinic acid, DMA) in urine (U-As), measured by HPLC-HG-ICP-MS. Efficiency of arsenic metabolism was assessed by the relative fractions of the urinary metabolites. The women had a wide variation in U-As (range 12–407 μg/L, median 65 μg/L) and a markedly efficient metabolism of arsenic with low %MMA (median 7.7%, range: 2.2–18%) and high %DMA (80%, range: 54–91%) in urine. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, ethnicity (Aymara-Quechua vs. Uru), body weight, fish consumption and tobacco smoking were associated with urinary arsenic metabolite fractions. On average, the Uru women had 2.5 lower % (percentage unit) iAs, 2.2 lower %MMA and 4.7 higher %DMA compared with the Aymara-Quechua women. Our study identified several factors that may predict these women's arsenic methylation capacity, particularly ethnicity. Further studies should focus on mechanisms underlying these differences in arsenic metabolism efficiency, and its importance for the risk of arsenic-related health effects
Temperature effect on perfluorooctane sulfonate toxicokinetics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): exploration via a physiologically based toxicokinetic model
No full textInternational audienceSalmonids are poikilotherms which means that their internal temperature varies with that of water. Water temperature thus controls many of their lifecycle processes and physiological functions, which could influence the mechanisms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of many substances, including perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAAs). However, the processes governing the fate of PFAAs are still poorly understood in fish. Here we developed a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to study changes in physiological functions and PFAA ADME at different temperatures. The model was calibrated using experimental data from dietary exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate at 7°C and 19°C. Predictions of PFOS concentrations were globally satisfactory at both temperatures, when accounting for the influence of temperature on growth, ventilation rate, cardiac output, clearances, and absorption rates. Accounting for the influence of temperature on tissue-plasma partition coefficients significantly improved predicted in-organ PFOS concentrations
La diversité des méthodes d’investigation dans les sciences du vivant
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Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Toxic Pool Evaporation
No full textInternational audienceTo date, safety distances to toxic pool evaporation as measured by known models have been quoted in hundreds of meters, without a deeper study of the time variation of the evaporation rate. In order to evaluate this specific aspect, we designed an experimental study. This study included small-scale tests with a 0.1 m2 evaporating pool, and medium-scale tests with 1 and 2 m2 evaporating pools. For both small- and medium-scale tests, the experimental vertical velocity profile was built to reproduce an atmospheric profile after applying the Froude scaling procedure. The scope of this study focused on ammonia pool evaporation, with each test lasting long enough to highlight the time evolution of the evaporation rate. While many other parameters may have strongly influenced the evaporation rate, the influence of the most classical parameters was tested, including pool concentration, wind velocity, and ambient turbulence. During these tests, the metrology was designed to enable the measuring of evaporation rates with great precision, but other important components were also measured. This series of tests clearly showed a strong variation of the evaporation rate in the first 30 minutes after the release—the evaporation rate dropped to 20% of its initial value after this 30-min period. It is therefore obvious that such reactions should strongly influence the toxic consequences of the vapor atmospheric dispersion. The known influence of other parameters was also confirmed—typically, the higher the pool concentration and/or wind velocity, the higher the evaporation rate. The surrounding turbulence effect was also taken into consideration and was proven to have a lower influence on the evaporation rate. In light of these experiments, we present below a physical model named EVAP-Tox used to estimate the time variation of the evaporation rate of an ammonia solution