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Browning of white adipose tissue after repeated low power RF exposure
No full textInternational audienceAfter a repeated exposure to low powerradiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF), miceand rats showed thermoregulatory changesmimicking reactions to cold. Body temperaturepatterns in mice, measured by telemetrytransmitters, changed synchronously with the RFexposure periods after 3 days. The shown episodesof quick temperature increase lead us to considerbrown adipose tissue as an effector, but inguinalwhite adipose tissue was also analyzed forcomparison. Strikingly, like responses to coldstimuli, both exposed rats and mice showedchanges in the morphology of white and brownadipocytes. Exposure also led to a larger plasmaconcentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), amarker of lipolysis in non-shivering thermogenesis
Avis de l’Anses relatif à un guide d’évaluation du risque sanitaire spécifique aux nanomatériaux dans les produits destinés à l’alimentation
No full textCitation suggérée : ANSES. (2021). Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on a specific health risk assessment guide for nanomaterials in food products (Request 2016-SA-0226). Maisons-Alfort: ANSES, 86 p
Variability of the Atmospheric PM10 Microbiome in Three Climatic Regions of France
No full textInternational audiencePrimary Biogenic Organic Aerosols (PBOA) were recently shown to be produced by only a few types of microorganisms, emitted by the surrounding vegetation in the case of a regionally homogeneous field site. This study presents the first comprehensive description of the structure and main sources of airborne microbial communities associated with temporal trends in Sugar Compounds (SC) concentrations of PM10 in 3 sites under a climatic gradient in France. By combining sugar chemistry and DNA Metabarcoding approaches, we intended to identify PM10-associated microbial communities and their main sources at three sampling-sites in France, under different climates, during the summer of 2018. This study accounted also for the interannual variability in summer airborne microbial community structure (bacteria and fungi only) associated with PM10-SC concentrations during a 2 consecutive years' survey at one site. Our results showed that temporal changes in PM10-SC in the three sites are associated with the abundance of only a few specific taxa of airborne fungi and bacterial. These taxa differ significantly between the 3 climatic regions studied. The microbial communities structure associated with SC concentrations of PM10 during a consecutive 2-year study remained stable in the rural area. Atmospheric concentration levels of PM10-SC species varied significantly between the 3 study sites, but with no clear difference according to site typology (rural vs. urban), suggesting that SC emissions are related to regional rather than local climatic characteristics. The overall microbial beta diversity in PM10 samples is significantly different from that of the main vegetation around the urban sites studied. This indicates that the airborne microorganisms at these urban sites are not solely from the immediate surrounding vegetation, which contrasts with observations at the scale of a regionally homogeneous rural site in 2017. These results improve our understanding of the spatial behavior of tracers of PBOA emission sources, which need to be better characterized to further implement this important mass fraction of Organic Matter (OM) in Chemical Transport models (CTM)
One-year measurements of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) markers in the Paris region (France): Concentrations, gas/particle partitioning and SOA source apportionment
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Predicting subsidence of cohesive and granular soil layers reinforced by geosynthetic
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Development of a Liquid/Liquid Extraction Method and GC/MS Analysis Dedicated to the Quantitative Analysis of PAHs and O-PACs in Groundwater from Contaminated Sites and Soils
No full textInternational audienceA liquid/liquid extraction method coupled with a GC/MS analysis was optimized to quantify 27 polycyclic aromatic compounds in groundwater from contaminated sites. The aim was to optimize an analytical method to determine Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (O-PACs) in water and for apply the method to ground water samples collected from contaminated sites. The analysis takes place in one run, including dissolved as well as colloid and particle-associated compounds. Artificially contaminated waters were prepared with two concentration ranges from 0.01 to 1 mu g L-1 and 0.5 to 50 mu g L-1. This method proceeds with two main steps. The first step is a liquid/liquid extraction with dichloromethane followed by a concentration procedure. The second step is the injection for separation and quantification in a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer. The novelty of this work concerns the control of each step by the introduction of deuterated standards in order in order to estimate the recoveries during the extraction, concentration and injection in the process as well as the possibility of quantifying PAC total concentrations in water. This method leads to very good quantification limits ranging from 1 to 60 ng L-1 for PAHs and from 10 to 1,200 ng L-1 for O-PACs, respectively. High sensitivity has been achieved with some of the PAHs with a good R (2) factor higher than 0.994 in the concentration range 0.01 to 1 mu L-1
Disparities in particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub>) origins and oxidative potential at a city scale (Grenoble, France) – Part 1: Source apportionment at three neighbouring sites
No full textInternational audienceA fine-scale source apportionment of PM10 was conducted in three different urban sites (background, hyper-center, and peri-urban) within 15 km of the city in Grenoble, France using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF 5.0) on measured chemical species from collected filters (24 h) from February 2017 to March 2018. To improve the PMF solution, several new organic tracers (3-MBTCA, pinic acid, phthalic acid, MSA, and cellulose) were additionally used in order to identify sources that are commonly unresolved by classic PMF methodologies. An 11-factor solution was obtained in all sites, including commonly identified sources from primary traffic (13 %), nitrate-rich (17 %), sulfate-rich (17 %), industrial (1 %), biomass burning (22 %), aged sea salt (4 %), sea/road salt (3 %), and mineral dust (7 %), and the newly found sources from primary biogenic (4 %), secondary biogenic oxidation (10 %), and MSA-rich (3 %). Generally, the chemical species exhibiting similar temporal trends and strong correlations showed uniformly distributed emission sources in the Grenoble basin. The improved PMF model was able to obtain and differentiate chemical profiles of specific sources even at high proximity of receptor locations, confirming its applicability in a fine-scale resolution. In order to test the similarities between the PMF-resolved sources, the Pearson distance and standardized identity distance (PD-SID) of the factors in each site were compared. The PD-SID metric determined whether a given source is homogeneous (i.e., with similar chemical profiles) or heterogeneous over the three sites, thereby allowing better discrimination of localized characteristics of specific sources. Overall, the addition of the new tracers allowed the identification of substantial sources (especially in the SOA fraction) that would not have been identified or possibly mixed with other factors, resulting in an enhanced resolution and sound source profile of urban air quality at a city scale