Ekonomika
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PROBLEMS IN THE FORMATION OF COMMON EUSOCIAL POLICY
No full textEuropean Union social policy is a popular subject of research in the academic circles and is an important topic for its every member state and its citizens. The formation of a common social policy in the EU has an interesting history and related issues, thus this article is an attempt to find out why certain difficulties are encountered in the integration of social affairs, and to offer certain l suggestions for their l improvement. The aim of this study is to reveal the problems encountered in the formation of common EU social policy in the context of its development. The article presents some analysis of the history of the development of the European Community to determine the position of the goal to have a common social policy in the integration processes and the attention is given to the examination of the variety of social policy models in the EU member states as one of the problems of the integration of social policy. Furthermore, using an analysis of the academic literature, this article evaluates the main social policy management-coordination measure – the Open Method of Coordination, and presents the arguments highlighting its inefficiency , comments on its structure and organisation, and suggests the ways of improving this method.p
THE LITHUANIAN EQUITY MARKETIN 1993–2008: REASONS FOR ITS DECLINE
Get PDFThis paper is an attempt to investigate the causes of the recurrent decline in the equity market in the period of the last fifteen years in Lithuania. Empirical methods are used to establish a correlation between such factors as inflation, interest rates, etc. and the equity market decline as well as to determine the most decisive factor that may produce the said result. Major findings of this article are as follows: (1) the Lithuanian equity market decline coincides with the increase in the interest rates and the current account deficit; (2) they can be triggered by financial crises in other countries which maintain close trade relations with Lithuania; (3) movements of the Lithuanian equity market can depend on psychological factors
PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SERVICE SECTOR: A SERVICE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT
Get PDFThe problem of service productivity discussed in the paper focuses on productivity measurement issues. The aim of the article is to elaborate criteria for the grouping of services as the reasoning for a deeper analysis of service productivity measurement. The research method is logical analysis of scientific literature. The criteria of customisation and tangibility of services have been suggested as a framework for productivity measurement interpretation
MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORTBY USING EARLY WARNING ENVIRONMENTS
Get PDFSuccessful activities in a dynamic environment of today’s economy largely depend on the skills to have an adequate view of activity environment and its changes. The information activities of business decision makers relate their subjective potential of environment assessment and problem solving to the systems of environment monitoring and early warning, whose relevance is of expressed in various activities both at micro and macro levels. The paper discusses the features of the bank deposit insurance system in the Republic of Lithuania, its information needs and the role of early warning systems in its activities. Also, the paper examines a prototype of an early warning system in the Deposit Insurance Scheme of the Republic of Lithuania and the conditions for its application. There are specific groups of decision-important information and relations between their estimates. The proposed way of applying a composite set of decision criteria can be transferred to similar systems in other fields of activity.p
THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Get PDFEconomic literature recognizes three “deep determinants” of economic development: institutions, geography and openness to trade. Discussion in the literature focuses on what part of the income per capita variation can be explained by institutions, geography and openness to trade. The empirical results can’t offer a clear answer, but there is a broader agreement in the literature that institutions play a more important role than geography and openness to trade. What is unclear whether the institutions also can explain variation in per capita income across countries, in which institutional environment is to some degree similar..This article aims to explore and quantify the relationship of the income level with institutional environment, geography and openness to trade across countries, grouped according their institutional environment quality.The results reveal that extent to which the variation in GDP per capita can be associated with the quality of institutional environment differs a lot between good and bad institutional environment samples. The results in good institutional environment sample come in line with series of studies in which the strong and positive link between various measures of institutions and economic development was established and support primacy of institutions over openness to trade and geography. I In bad institutional environment sample, on the contrary,no evidence was found that institutions mean a lot in respect of differences in GDP per capita. These results should not be interpreted so as to mean that institutional environment is not important, rather the degree of “badness” makes no difference
ANALYSIS OF THE LIBERALIZATION OF THE FIXED TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION MARKET IN LITHUANIA
Get PDFThis paper deals with the analysis of a relevant issue, regarding the liberalisation of the fixed telephone communication. The paper also deals with the characteristic features of monopoly markets, evaluates market power, both before liberalisation of fixed telephone communication and following the removal of monopoly powers. The paper includes an extensive discussion of the evaluation of barriers preventing entry in the market. It also determines the market power of Lietuvos telekomas (Teo LT AB) fixed telephone communication, based on various market concentration indicators. The purpose of the article is to present the analysis of the liberalization of the fixed telephone communication market in Lithuania and to reveal the inter-coherence of theoretical and practical elements of the liberalization
The influence of budget policy on economic security and socio-economic development in the Ukraine
Get PDFThe consolidation of economic security of the state, its protection against all external threats should become one of the main directions in the realization of budget expenses in short-term and in long-term prospects. According to this conception, budget expenses are to finance top-priority components of economic security.Some theoretical and methodological approaches concerning the analysis of the influence of budget instruments on parameters of economic security and socio-economic development of the country are suggested.For conducting this investigation, certain econometric models with the best functional forms have been selected and analysed. The most important instruments in budget policy such as state buying, expenses for fundamental investigations, expenses for economic development and expenses for social sphere have been considered under the condition of the Ukrainian economy. The influence of budget instruments on certain parameters that characterize the economic security of the state has been worked out in detail. As a result of the investigation, the main threats for the Ukrainian economic security have been formulated and the ways out have been proposed.The authors state that in the process of the investigation almost all budget instruments have a positive influence on the level of Ukrainian economic security, they stimulate economic development and increasing of social living standards of the population
Institutional changes in the economies of Central and Eastern European countries and the situation of the labour market
Get PDFThe object of the article is to assess the influence of economic and political institutions on the situation of the labour market in Central and Eastern European countries. In the initial phase of transformation, the debate in these countries focused on economic stabilization. In recent years, the focus shifted towards institutional solutions of economic processes, including the situation of the labour market.The emphasis is put on the particularities of the countries undergoing transformation, in which profound changes in economic and political institutions are taking place due to the implementation of economic reforms, on the one hand, and the democratization process, on the other hand. Undoubtedly, the process of institutional change was occurring at varying pace in Central and Eastern European Countries as a result of various problems of respective labour markets.The analysis, based upon the data from 1995 to 2006, shows that the institutional structure has a great impact on the labour market. The existence of efficient and well-managed institutions help to reduce distortions in the allocation of the labour force as well as creating demand for labour
The exploration of future tendencies of the Lithuanian life insurance market
No full textThe objective of the research: The article treats the development tendencies of the Lithuanian life insurance market and evaluates its actual perspectives as compared to the markets of other European Union countries.The subjective of the research: The tendencies of the Lithuanian life insurance market development and its perspectives in the European context.Research methods: The analysis of the life insurance market embodies the arranged, systemized and carefully analyzed empirical data. The research uses the primal statistical data of the Lithuanian life assurance market collected and generalized by the Lithuanian Life Assurers Association and the Insurance Supervisory Commission of the Republic of Lithuania, and the statistical data of the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania concerning Lithuanian macroeconomics indexes. Some notices and assertions are circumstantial to the personal experience of the author
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT DETERMINED INNOVATION DIFFUSION CHANNELS IN LITHUANIA
No full textThe prevailing opinion in Lithuania is that the country‘s economic growth was determined by the inflow of foreign direct investments (FDI). Their influence on the Lithuanian economy remains unquestionable, however, there is a tendency to overestimate their impact, while otherfactors are under-estimated or ignored completely when conclusions on their influence on the country‘s economy are drawn. Based on the data of the Department of Statistics of Lithuania, Eurostat, other agencies and the analysis of the research of Lithuanian and foreign academics on FDI, and the impact of the innovations on the country‘s economy, the given study presents the analysis of the three main channels for the technological and innovation diffusion, which have exercised a decisive influence on the economic development in Lithuania over the last decade. They are foreign direct investments, international trade, and the country‘s knowledge capital. These diffusion channels were considerably important in the transition period, however, the creation of original knowledge and innovations, or the creative application of the technology created in other countries and application of the knowledge gained abroad was utilised least. In Lithuania,, the creation and adoption of extended modifying innovations and technologies was dominant in terms of innovation modes, while the strategic innovations were created by only 1 percent of Lithuanian enterprises . A comparative analysis of surveys, statistical data, and academic studies was conducted and lead to the conclusion that the main technology and innovation diffusion channel, as well as the main driving force behind Lithuania‘s economy during the transitional period of 1996–2007 was neithert FDI nor the scientific potential of the country, but rather the international trade. In addition, the data suggests that the country‘s scientific potential was ill-prepared for the changes brought on by globalisation and had a very weak impact on the growth of the Lithuanian economy and the economy‘s technological and innovational reorientation, which led to the enterprises searching for other possible sources of innovation. The model for the creation of innovation eacompassing state institutions, the science community and enterprises was not functional during the said period in Lithuania