HAL-ENS-LYON
Not a member yet
104280 research outputs found
Sort by
The longest increasing subsequence of Brownian separable permutons
No full textWe establish a scaling limit result for the length of the longest increasing subsequence of a permutation of size sampled from the Brownian separable permuton of parameter , which is the universal limit of pattern-avoiding permutations. Specifically, we prove that where is the unique solution in the interval to the equation \begin{equation*} \frac{1}{4^{\frac{1}{2\alpha}}\sqrt{\pi}}\,\frac{\Gamma\big(\tfrac{1}{2}-\tfrac{1}{2\alpha}\big)}{\Gamma\big(1-\tfrac{1}{2\alpha}\big)}=\frac{p}{p-1}, \end{equation*} and is a non-deterministic and a.s.\ positive and finite random variable, which is a measurable function of the Brownian separable permuton. Notably, the exponent is an increasing continuous function of with , and , which corresponds to the permuton limit of uniform separable permutations. We prove analogous results for the size of the largest clique of a graph sampled from the Brownian cographon of parameter
Emergence of supercoiling-mediated regulatory networks through the evolution of bacterial chromosome organization
No full textInternational audienceDNA supercoiling-the level of twisting and writhing of the DNA molecule around itselfplays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria by modulating promoter activity. The level of DNA supercoiling is a dynamic property of the chromosome which varies both at local and global scales, in response to both external factors such as environmental perturbations and internal factors including gene transcription. As such, local variations in supercoiling could in theory couple the expression levels of neighboring genes by creating feedback loops at the transcriptional level. However, the impact of such supercoiling-mediated interactions on the regulation of gene expression still remains uncertain. In this work, we study how this coupling between transcription and supercoiling could shape genome organization and help regulate gene transcription. We present a model of genome evolution in which individuals whose gene transcription rates are coupled to local supercoiling must adapt to two environments that induce different global supercoiling levels. In this model, we observe the evolution of whole-genome regulatory networks that provide control over gene expression by leveraging the transcriptionsupercoiling coupling, and show that the structure of these networks is underpinned by the organization of genes along the chromosome at several scales. Local variations in DNA supercoiling could therefore help jointly shape both gene regulation and genome organization during evolution.</div
Un simple problème d’éducation ? Regards croisés de jeunes et de professionnel∙les sur la prise en charge de l’obésité infantile
No full textInternational audienceIn some regions of France, when a child or adolescent is diagnosed as overweight or obese, their family can be referred to one of the “Réseaux de Prévention et de Prise en Charge de l'Obésité Pédiatrique” (RéPPOP), which are state of the art networks for the management of childhood obesity. The medical care they provide mainly consists of accompanying lifestyle changes, with the aim of stabilizing or reducing the child's weight. Health professionals stigmatize the domestic knowledge and practices of these families, especially those from working classes, and differentiate between more or less legitimate forms of domestic work. Medical care thus relies heavily on the domestic work of parents, more specifically mothers, who have to adapt their parenting norms and practices to their child's pathology. This article examines these medical interventions as endeavors for normative regulation, from the perspective of RéPPOP professionals and of young adults who experienced childhood overweight.Lorsqu’un∙e enfant ou adolescent∙e est diagnostiqué∙e comme étant en surcharge pondérale, il est possible dans certaines régions de diriger sa famille vers le dispositif de prise en charge “à la pointe” que constituent les Réseaux de Prévention et de Prise en charge de l'Obésité Pédiatrique (RéPPOP). Le suivi proposé consiste principalement en un accompagnement de changements d’habitudes de vie, dont on espère qu’ils permettront de stabiliser ou de réduire la corpulence de l’enfant. Les savoirs et pratiques domestiques des familles prises en charge, en particulier celles de classes populaires, peuvent alors être stigmatisés au profit de ceux que défendent les professionnel∙les de santé, qui distinguent des formes plus ou moins légitimes de travail domestique. Le soin médical repose ainsi sur un important travail domestique des parents, surtout des mères, qui sont incité∙es par les professionnel∙les de santé à adapter leurs normes et pratiques de parentalité en réaction à la pathologie de leur enfant. L’article explore ces prises en charge comme des entreprises de régulation normative, du point de vue de professionnel∙les de RéPPOP et de jeunes adultes ayant été en surcharge pondérale durant leur enfance
Modeling reactions at complex interfaces
No full textInternational audienceReactions at the water/solid interface are central to develop more sustainable processes, from biomass upgrading to the use of unconventional activation as in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. To gain atomistic insight on those reactions, modelling approaches were constantly improved in the past decade. Several approaches are available nowadays from continuum models to a full explicit description of the liquid water. We will discuss the pros and cons of those methods using several examples related to biomass upgrading reactions .References[1] Steinmann, S. N. & Michel, C. How to Gain Atomistic Insights on Reactions at the Water/Solid Interface? ACS Catalysis, 2022, 12, 6294-630
ARCHITECTS I: impact of subgrid physics on the simulated properties of the circumgalactic medium
No full textInternational audienceGalaxy evolution is shaped by star formation and stellar feedback at scales unresolved by current high-resolution cosmological simulations. Precise subgrid models are thus necessary, and different approaches have been developed. However, they are degenerate and often primarily calibrated to reproduce stellar masses from observations. To explore these degeneracies, we perform three cosmological zoom-in radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of the same galaxy within a dark matter halo at , each with a different subgrid model: mechanical feedback, a combination of mechanical feedback and thermal feedback, and delayed cooling. We calibrate the simulations to match in stellar mass, isolating the effect of the models on the circumgalactic medium (CGM). Our findings demonstrate that despite producing galaxies with comparable stellar masses, the three models lead to distinct feedback modes, resulting in notable variations in the CGM properties. The delayed cooling run is dominated by ejective feedback and exhibits high burstiness, whereas mechanical and the hybrid models primarily feature preventive feedback, respectively, acting at the galaxy and halo scales. Delayed cooling reduces the baryon mass to half the universal baryon fraction, while mechanical feedback retains most baryons, with the hybrid model standing in between. Delayed cooling also ejects significantly more metals into the CGM than both other models. While for delayed cooling and mechanical feedback metals are almost evenly distributed in the CGM, they are concentrated around satellites in the hybrid model. These discrepancies emphasize the need to design an appropriate subgrid model to understand how stellar feedback regulates galaxy growth
L'opéra-comique et la Révolution française: Effervescence et création musicale entre les Lumières et le Romantisme
No full textInternational audienceDepuis le Bicentenaire de la Révolution, la recherche en musicologie n’a cessé de s’intéresser à cette période tant du point de vue de la vie musicale en général, que de celui des théâtres en province ou des principaux genres et institutions musicales parisiennes. Néanmoins, alors que l’opéra-comique constitue le genre de théâtre lyrique français le plus important et le plus influent en France et en Europe à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, ce genre mêlant épisodes parlés et chantés a, paradoxalement, reçu peu d’attention.En s’appuyant sur des recherches récentes, des outils numériques nouvellement développés et des sources parfois inédites, cet ouvrage a pour but de s’intéresser aux évolutions esthétiques de l’opéra-comique entre le début de la Révolution et la réunion des théâtres Favart et Feydeau en 1801 et d’attirer l’attention sur des ouvrages qui ont servi de base esthétique au théâtre lyrique français et Européen au XIXe siècle. En analysant le répertoire des théâtres et les processus d’hybridation du genre sous l’impulsion de différents facteurs liés, pour partie, aux circonstances révolutionnaires, cette étude attire l’attention sur les processus artistiques et musicaux qui sont en jeu au cours d’une période fondatrice tant pour les institutions musicales françaises que pour les genres musicaux et tente de proposer un changement de perspective sur la naissance du romantisme
Effet de la suppression du vent sur la convection turbulente de Rayleigh-Bénard
No full textNational audienc
From the 'Island Of Garbage' to Dark Maga : the Resurgence of a Masculinist Alt-Right in the 2024 Election?
No full textInternational audienceThis commentary explores the resurgence of masculinist movement and far-right ideologies in the 2024 US presidential election, focusing on Donald Trump's strategic use of these elements. Originating from digital spaces like 4chan, the Alt-Right movement emerges from phenomena such as #Gamergate while promoting the "red pill" concept: a metaphor for the awakening of online activists to perceived truths about societal structures, particularly gender and race. Trump's campaign leveraged this lexicon, appealing to young white male voters through associations with figures like Elon Musk and media personalities such as Joe Rogan. The emergence of "Dark Maga," a more extreme iteration of the MAGA movement, can be analyzed as a deeper radicalization of the movement, incorporating elements of the Neoreactionary (NrX) movement as well as building on the Alt-Right's ashes. This commentary highlights the broader implications of these developments, suggesting a potent political dynamic that is reshaping American politics
Advanced Stage Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis: HEADSpAcE Consortium Health Systems Benchmarking Survey
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Background Globally, most people with head and neck cancers (HNCs) are diagnosed with advanced‐stage disease. HNC diagnostic stage has multifactorial explanations, with the role of health system factors not yet fully investigated. Methods HNC centres ( n = 18) from the HEADSpAcE Consortium were surveyed via a bespoke health system questionnaire covering a range of factors. Centres were compared using the least square means for the presence/absence of each health system factor to their proportion of advanced‐stage HNC. Results Health system factors associated with lower proportion in advanced‐stage diagnosis were formal referral triaging (14%, 95% CI‐0.26, −0.03), routine monitoring of time from referral to diagnosis (16%, 95% CI‐0.27, −0.05), and fully publicly funded systems (17%, 95% CI‐0.29, −0.06). Several health systems factors had no routinely available data. Conclusions Through identifying and monitoring health systems factors associated with lower proportions of advanced stage HNC, interventions could be developed, and systems redesigned, to improve early diagnosis