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Management and survival of patients with cancer of unknown primary discussed by a French national multidisciplinary tumour board: a retrospective analysis
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"Du désordre dans une société trop ordonnée" : Censure, adaptation et création dans le théâtre argentin de la dernière dictature
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Les structures baptismales en Gaule hors la ville (villae, castra) : retour sur les problèmes d’identification des structures et des contextes d’implantation (Ve-VIIe siècles)
No full textCet article s’intéresse aux structures baptismales implantées hors du cadre urbain en Gaule entre le Ve et le VIIe siècle, notamment dans des villae ou des castra. Il interroge les difficultés d’identification archéologique de ces édifices ainsi que les incertitudes pesant sur leur statut, leur fonction et leur relation à l’épiscopat. Loin d’être marginales, ces fondations témoignent d’une dynamique chrétienne enracinée dans des réalités locales, souvent en lien avec des réseaux aristocratiques ou des noyaux d’habitat secondaire. La diversité des contextes invite à dépasser les oppositions entre ville et campagne, et à repenser les modalités d’implantation et de diffusion du christianisme. L’article souligne enfin la nécessité d’éclairer les formes d’encadrement religieux de ces sanctuaires, avant la normalisation conciliaire du VIe siècle, et appelle à de nouvelles enquêtes croisant données archéologiques, topographiques et contextuelles
Most incompatible measurements and sum-of-squares optimisation
No full textMeasurement incompatibility, or joint measurability, is a cornerstone of quantum theory and a useful resource. For finite-dimensional systems, quantifying this resource and establishing universal bounds valid for all measurements is a long-standing problem. In this work, we exhibit analytical universal parent measurements giving access to bounds that beat the state of the art. In particular, we can show that, for relevant robustnesses, sets of anticommuting observables give rise to the most incompatible dichotomic measurements. We also formalise the construction of such universal parent measurements in the framework of sum-of-squares optimisation and obtain preliminary numerical results demonstrating the power of the method by improving on our own analytical values. All results find direct application for demonstrating genuine high-dimensional steering, that is, certifying the dimensionality of a quantum system in a one-sided device-independent manner
Integrated modelling of sediment and organic carbon fluxes in a large catchment: quantifying riverine contributions to the Mediterranean Sea
No full textInternational audienceWithin the Land Ocean Aquatic Continuum, the export of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC) is crucial for various processes in aquatic ecosystems and a primary source of greenhouse gas emissions in hydrosystems. Quantifying DOC and POC fluxes at high spatiotemporal resolution is complex because numerous sources and processes influence their dynamics, including climate, geological, and anthropogenic activities. Such quantifications at the catchment scale can be performed using hydrological models that consider OC processes. This study employed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool -Carbon (SWAT-C) to simulate OC dynamics in the large Mediterranean catchment of the Rhône River from 2002 to 2020. We represent hydrological and sediment fluxes at the catchment scale by accounting for sub-catchment diversity and dam operations. The average resulting exports reach 5.52 Mt y -1 , 78.8 kt y -1 , and 95.1 kt y -1 with 54.4%, 71.5%, and 44.3% exported during the highest discharges for sediment, POC, and DOC, respectively. The contributions of the southern sub-basins to POC and DOC fluxes are significant, while the northern sub-basins do not show significant patterns. Regarding OC quality, the proportions of labile/refractory OC at the Rhône outlet are 85/15 and 5/95 for POC and DOC, respectively. Global changes could alter flows, such as the labile/refractory OC proportions, which should be quantified using the tool developed in this article to anticipate their impacts on biogeochemical dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea. Finally, our study demonstrates the potential and limitations of SWAT-C for modelling OC dynamics in a large Mediterranean catchment under multiple anthropogenic pressures
Combinatorial and algorithmic analysis of oriented hierarchies in statistical implicative analysis
No full textInternational audienceThis paper introduces a novel and more efficient method for constructing oriented hierarchies within the framework of Statistical Implicative Analysis. The primary focus of this study is the computational complexity of the original algorithm proposed by Gras, whose cubic time complexity is established in this work. To address this limitation, a detailed combinatorial analysis of hierarchical structures is performed, leveraging tools from analytic combinatorics. This methodology facilitates the enumeration of the number of possible configurations as a function of input size and enables the investigation of both the depth and width characteristics of the hierarchy’s block structure. This study then proposes a reconstruction algorithm based on a formal correspondence between the statistical implication graph and the oriented hierarchy. The proposed method achieves quadratic worst-case complexity, thereby resulting in a substantial improvement in computational performance. Moreover, the analytic framework also makes it possible to characterise the average-case behaviour of the algorithm. The findings of the comparative computational experiments demonstrate the clear advantage of the proposed method over Gras’s algorithm, both in terms of execution time and overall algorithmic efficiency
MEGATRON: Reproducing the Diversity of High-Redshift Galaxy Spectra with Cosmological Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations
No full textInternational audienceWe present the MEGATRON suite of cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulations following the formation of Milky Way-mass galaxies from the earliest cosmic epochs when Population III stars form to Cosmic Noon. The suite represents the first set of cosmological simulations that couples a vast non-equilibrium thermochemistry network of primordial species, metals, and molecules to multifrequency, on-the-fly radiation transport, allowing us to directly predict the spectral properties of early galaxies. By initializing the simulations at zero metallicity, resolving haloes well below the atomic cooling threshold, reaching parsec-scale resolution, and modeling a Milky Way-mass environment, we aim to address four key science themes: 1) Star formation at cosmic dawn, 2) Galaxy formation and the interstellar medium in the epoch of reionization, 3) The circumgalactic medium towards cosmic noon, and 4) Reionization in a local volume environment and near-field cosmology. In this introductory work, we present an overview of the physical characteristics of high-redshift MEGATRON galaxies and their environment at . We present a library of simulated galaxy spectra and demonstrate how the diversity of galaxy spectra seen by JWST is naturally reproduced in the context of a CDM cosmology. This project represents a step towards making more direct comparisons between simulations and observations and will enable future work to both optimize methods for inferring galaxy properties from observations and to elucidate the physics that governs galaxy formation in the early Universe
Process evaluation of a school-based vaccination intervention to improve HPV vaccine coverage: A mixed-method study embedded in the French PrevHPV cluster randomized controlled trial
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundHuman papillomavirus vaccine coverage (HPV VC) remains suboptimal in many countries. French authorities launched the PrevHPV research program, which included a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of an ‘at-school vaccination’ intervention. Within this trial, we conducted a process evaluation of this intervention, specifically analyzing (i) its implementation, (ii) its mechanisms of impact, and (iii) the contextual factors influencing implementation (facilitators/barriers).MethodWe conducted a mixed-method study embedded in the PrevHPV cRCT (April 2021–April 2022). ‘At-school vaccination’ consisted of vaccination day(s) on school premises where mobile vaccination teams (MVTs) initiated HPV vaccination free of charge for eligible adolescents (i.e., non-vaccinated adolescents aged 11+). Quantitative data were collected through activity reports and self-administered questionnaires of adolescents and school staff. Qualitative data collected through six focus groups with school staff and MVTs were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsOf the 31 schools (14,772 adolescents) randomized to implement ‘at-school vaccination’, 12 (39 %) dropped out. Among the participating schools, analysis of implementation showed that 17 % of adolescents returned valid consent forms, of whom 89 % initiated vaccination. MVTs played a central role in implementing vaccination day(s), supported by several school staff (e.g., school nurses, education assistants). Regarding mechanisms of impacts, satisfaction with the vaccination days was high among adolescents and school staff. The intervention generated both positive and negative group effects among adolescents. Contextual factors that facilitated implementation included the preparation of a list of adolescents to be vaccinated and the availability and motivation of school staff. The main barriers related to the management of consent forms and missing health records.ConclusionWe formulated recommendations for implementing at-school vaccination, which may be particularly helpful for the French school HPV vaccination campaigns that were scaled up nationally in 2023. We also discussed potential macro-level improvement strategies, involving modifications to the legislative framework