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L’approche One Health – Une seule santé et ses perspectives en didactique des sciences et des technologies
No full textInternational audienceIn this article, we explore how research in the didactics of science and technology can engage with issues related to health education, in light of the recent renewal of health approaches. From a first part dedicated to an epistemological reflection on 'One Health', we present in a second part how the characteristics of this approach can guide the didactic research in science and technology, both in terms of the knowledge mobilized, the learning difficulties to be considered, and the teaching strategies to be envisaged. The third and final part illustrates how the articles published in this issue 32 of RDST contribute to enriching the scientific debate on an approach that opens up questions at the boundaries of disciplines.Dans cet article, nous explorons comment les recherches en didactique des sciences et des technologies peuvent s’emparer des questions relatives à l’éducation à la santé, au regard du renouvellement récent des approches de la santé. A partir d’une première partie dédiée à une réflexion épistémologique sur « One Health - Une seule santé », nous exposons dans une deuxième partie comment les caractéristiques de cette approche peuvent orienter la recherche didactique des sciences et des technologies, tant du point de vue des savoirs mobilisés, des difficultés d’apprentissage à prendre en compte que des stratégies d’enseignement à envisager. La troisième et dernière partie donne à voir comment les articles publiés dans ce numéro 32 de RDST contribuent à alimenter le débat scientifique sur une approche qui ouvre à des questions aux frontières des disciplines
The impact of digitalization on the autonomy of public service employees : Pôle emploi advisors fighting for the recognition of their professional skills
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines the impact of the digitization policy implemented at Pôle emploi−the French national agency responsible for providing compensation and support to employees who have involuntarily lost their jobs−on the work of its advisors, specifically looking at the level of autonomy they have in assisting jobseekers. Qualitative in nature, the data collected results from observations made in the different branches of Pôle emploi, 25 individual semi-directive interviews and a dozen group interviews. Referring to labor process theory, we analyze the discourse and practices of Pôle emploi advisors, and in particular their criticisms of digitalization regarding the standardization of their work and making it possible to support jobseekers remotely, without a face-to-face relationship, through entirely dematerialized procedures, or even support without any advisor being involved, which is so far rare but technically conceivable. Our results also highlight the ambiguity of the impact of digital tools, as some advisors point to the benefits that digitalization can bring in improving the quality of their work and increasing their room for maneuver. This observation leads us to discuss the conditions of use of digital tools, and to distinguish between situations that could usefully lead to a digital standardization of activities, and those which should enable advisors to retain their autonomy of judgment, to better provide support to jobseekers
Introduction de la troisième partie. Le déplacement des frontières spatio-temporelles du travail
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L’institution préfectorale dans les États d’Europe centrale et orientale
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Géomorphologie et évolutions des milieux anthropisés
No full textInternational audienceThe functioning of morphogenic systems determines a large part of landscape dynamics and the resources available to societies. It also determines the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation and therefore the potential for conservation and taphonomy of artifacts, which are the objects ofarchaeological research. The diversity of biophysical environments in metropolitan France makes it impossible to provide a comprehensive overview of the different types of geomorphological environments. This article therefore focuses on certain areas and environments, emphasizing the elements of continuity and discontinuity that characterize the millennium and a half of the Bronze Age. The main features of the environmental and geomorphological trajectory are presented in order to discuss the causal factors of some of the best-documented French areas during the Bronze Age. The synthesized results illustrate the development of geomorphological research on the Bronze Age and the driving factors that explain it. The role of anthropization dynamics is becoming increasingly well understood (through sites and botanical data), as is the impact of periods of rapid global climate change such as the events 4.2, 3.2, and 2.8 ka BP. Their effects can combine, greatly accentuating the impacts on soils and river functioning. This supports the idea that, since the Late Bronze Age, humans have become a major geological agent, at least on a local or regional scale, as evidenced by the simultaneity of numerous signatures on vegetation, soils, and river detritus, and the attestation of the first true sedimentary cascade from the Alps to the Mediterranean from 1100/1000 BC, a possible root of a Paleoanthropocene.Le fonctionnement des systèmes morphogéniques conditionne une grande partie des dynamiques paysagères et des ressources disponibles pour les sociétés. Il détermine également les dynamiques d’érosion et de sédimentation et donc le potentiel de conservation et de taphonomie des artefacts qui sont les objets dela recherche archéologique. La diversité des milieux biophysiques en France métropolitaine interdit d’envisager une synthèse concernant les différents types de milieux géomorphologiques et il est donc évoqué préférentiellement dans cet article certains espaces et milieux en insistant sur les éléments de continuité et de discontinuité qui caractérisent le millénaire et demi de l’âge du Bronze.Les grands traits de la trajectoire environnementale et géomorphologique sont présentés pour discuter des facteurs de causalité des quelques espaces français les mieux documentés à l’âge du Bronze. L’ensemble des résultats synthétisés illustre le développement des recherches géomorphologiquessur l’âge du Bronze et sur les facteurs de forçage qui les expliquent. Le rôle des dynamiques de l’anthropisation s’avère de mieux en mieux connu (par les sites et les données botaniques) ainsi que celui des impacts des périodes de changement climatique rapide mondiales comme les événements 4,2, 3,2 et 2,8ka BP. Leurs effets peuvent se combiner, accentuant alors fortement les impacts sur les sols et le fonctionnement des cours d’eau. Cela participe de l’idée que l’homme est devenu, dès l’âge du Bronze final, un agent géologique majeur, au moins à l’échelle locale ou régionale, comme le prouvent la simultanéité de nombreuses signatures sur la végétation, les sols et le détritisme fluvial et l’attestation de la première véritable cascade sédimentaire des Alpes à la Méditerranée à partir de -1100/-1000, racine possible d’un Paléoanthropocène
SUPERCAM'S RAMAN OBSERVATIONS DURING THE MARGIN UNIT AND CRATER RIM
No full textInternational audienceIn this work we introduce the mineral identifications acheived by SuperCam's Raman spectrometer. We focus on the campaigns that covered the MArgin Unit of Jezero Crater, Neretva Vallis and the Crater Rim
Martini3-IDP: improved Martini 3 force field for disordered proteins
No full textInternational audienceCoarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) is widely used for the efficient simulation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). The Martini model, one of the most popular CG force fields in biomolecular simulation, was reported to yield too compact IDP conformations, limiting its applications. Addressing this, we optimized the bonded parameters based on fitting to reference simulations of a diverse set of IDPs at atomistic resolution, resulting in a Martini3-based disordered protein model coined Martini3-IDP. This model leads to expanded IDP conformations, greatly improving the reproduction of the experimentally measured radii of gyration. Moreover, contrary to ad-hoc fixes based on scaling of protein-protein or protein-water interactions, Martini3-IDP keeps the overall interaction balance underlying Martini 3. To validate that, we perform a comprehensive testing including full-length multidomain proteins, IDP-lipid membrane binding and IDP-small molecule binding, confirming its ability to successfully capture the complex interplay between disordered proteins and diverse biomolecular components. Finally, the recently emerging concept of biomolecular condensate, through liquidliquid phase separation, was also reproduced by Martini3-IDP for a number of both homotypic and heterotypic systems. With the improved Martini3-IDP model, we expand the ability to simulate processes involving IDPs in complex environments, at spatio-temporal scales inaccessible with all-atom models
OneWater Data: towards a national FAIR water data platform and community
No full textInternational audienceAs part of the FAIR Water Data platform, we explain the importance of contributing to the co-construction of an ecosystem of FAIR services related to water.To achieve this goal, we present the general FAIR Factory method and illustrate it with various examples
L'histoire par les noms (de lieux). À propos de quelques toponymes grecs, étrusques et romains de la Corse
No full textInternational audienceL'article aborde les formes grecques, étrusques et latines de plusieurs toponymes liés à la Corse et à la Gaule méridionale, qui permettent de retracer l'histoire complexe de la Méditerranée nord-occidentale à l'époque archaïque