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Safety of baricitinib in vaccinated patients with severe and critical COVID-19 sub study of the randomised Bari-SolidAct trial
No full textInternational audienceThe Bari-SolidAct randomized controlled trial compared baricitinib with placebo in patients with severe COVID-19. A post hoc analysis revealed a higher incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) among SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated participants who had received baricitinib. This sub-study aimed to investigate whether vaccination influences the safety profile of baricitinib in patients with severe COVID-19. Biobanked samples from 146 participants (55 vaccinated vs. 91 unvaccinated) were analysed longitudinally for inflammation markers, humoral responses, tissue viral loads, and plasma viral antigens on days 1, 3, and 8. High-dimensional analyses, including RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, were performed on available samples. Mediation analyses were used to assess relationships between SAEs, baseline-adjusted biomarkers, and treatment-vaccination status. Vaccinated participants were older, more frequently hospitalized, had more comorbidities, and exhibited higher nasopharyngeal viral loads. Baricitinib treatment did not affect antibody responses or viral clearance, but reduced markers of T-cell and monocyte activation compared to placebo (sCD25, sCD14, sCD163, sTIM-3). Age, baseline levels of plasma viral antigen, and several inflammatory markers, as well as IL-2, IL-6, Neopterin, CXCL16, sCD14, and suPAR on day 8 were associated with the occurrence of SAEs. However, mediation analyses of markers linked to SAEs, baricitinib treatment, or vaccination status did not reveal statistically significant interactions between vaccination status and SAEs. This sub-study did not identify any virus- or host-related biomarkers significantly associated with the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status and the safety of baricitinib. However, caution should be exercised due to the moderate sample size. EU Horizon 2020 (grant number 101015736)
Electrolytes for divalent cation batteries: development of simulation methods and study of solvation environments
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ULaMDyn: enhancing excited-state dynamics analysis through streamlined unsupervised learning
No full textInternational audienceThe analysis of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) data presents significant challenges due to its high dimensionality and complexity. To address these issues, we introduce ULaMDyn, a Python-based, open-source package designed to automate the unsupervised analysis of large datasets generated by NAMD simulations. ULaMDyn integrates seamlessly with the Newton-X platform and employs advanced dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques to uncover hidden patterns in molecular trajectories, enabling a more intuitive understanding of excited-state processes. Using the photochemical dynamics of fulvene as a test case, we demonstrate how ULaMDyn efficiently identifies critical molecular geometries and critical nonadiabatic transitions. The package offers a streamlined, scalable solution for interpreting large NAMD datasets. It is poised to facilitate advances in the study of excited-state dynamics across a wide range of molecular systems
A guide to the biogenesis and functions of endogenous small non-coding RNAs in animals
No full textInternational audienceSmall non-coding RNAs can be categorized into two main classes: structural RNAs and regulatory RNAs. Structural RNAs, which are abundant and ubiquitously expressed, have essential roles in the maturation of pre-mRNAs, modification of rRNAs and the translation of coding transcripts. By contrast, regulatory RNAs are often expressed in a developmental-specific, tissue-specific or cell-type-specific manner and exert precise control over gene expression. Reductions in cost and improvements in the accuracy of high-throughput RNA sequencing have led to the identification of many new small RNA species. In this Review, we provide a broad discussion of the genomic origins, biogenesis and functions of structural small RNAs, including tRNAs, small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), vault RNAs (vtRNAs) and Y RNAs as well as their derived RNA fragments, and of regulatory small RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), in animals
W (Wautier) - Édition, traduction et notes d'après le manuscrit BnF fr. 12603
No full textÉdition, traduction et notes de W (Wautier) d'après le manuscrit BnF fr. 1260
Arbovirus Epidemics as Global Health Imperative, Africa, 2023
No full textInternational audienceArboviruses represent a major cause of illness in Africa and have the potential to trigger widespread epidemics. We present data on arbovirus epidemics in Africa in 2023 and demonstrate the need for global public health authorities to intensify efforts in the surveillance and control of arbovirus diseases. Data were collected from the World Health Organization Weekly Bulletin on Outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Weekly Event Based Surveillance Report, and other online sources. In 2023, a total of 7 arboviruses were responsible for 29 outbreaks across 25 countries in Africa, 22 of which occurred in West Africa; the outbreaks resulted in 19,569 confirmed cases and 820 deaths. Arbovirus epidemics in Africa pose a threat not only to public health within the continent but also globally, underscoring the urgent need for substantial investment in arbovirus surveillance, research, and preparedness capacities in Africa to prevent and respond to health crises effectively
« ‘‘Les livres existent pour des lecteurs’’. L’histoire des réceptions face à l’héritage lansonien »
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Foi et (anti-)Lumières : Controverses autour de l’Aufklärung dans la prédication et dans la presse viennoise, de 1770 à 1800
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Giant number-parity effect leading to spontaneous symmetry breaking in finite-size quantum spin models
No full textInternational audienceSpontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) occurs when a many-body system governed by a symmetric Hamiltonian, and prepared in a symmetry-broken state by the application of a field coupling to its order parameter , retains a finite value even after the field is switched off. SSB is generally thought to occur only in the thermodynamic limit (for degrees of freedom). In this limit, the time to restore the symmetry once the field is turned off, either via thermal or quantum fluctuations, is expected to diverge. Here we show that SSB can also be observed in \emph{finite-size} quantum spin systems, provided that three conditions are met: 1) the ground state of the system has long-range correlations; 2) the Hamiltonian conserves the (spin) parity of the order parameter; and 3) is odd. Using a combination of analytical arguments and numerical results (based on time-dependent variational Monte Carlo and rotor+spin-wave theory), we show that SSB on finite-size systems can be achieved via a quasi-adiabatic preparation of the ground state -- which, in U(1)-symmetric systems, is shown to require a symmetry breaking field vanishing over time scales . In these systems, the symmetry-broken state exhibits spin squeezing with Heisenberg scaling
Non-monotonic conductivity of aqueous electrolytes: beyond the first Wien effect
No full textInternational audienceThe conductivity of strong electrolytes increases under high electric fields, a nonlinear response known as the first Wien effect. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations we show that this increase is almost suppressed in moderately concentrated aqueous electrolytes due to the alignment of the water molecules by the electric field. As a consequence of this alignement, the permittivity of water decreases and becomes anisotropic, an effect which can be measured in simulations and reproduced by a model of water molecules as dipoles. We incorporate the resulting anisotropic interactions between the ions into a Stochastic Density Field Theory and calculate ionic correlations as well as corrections to the Nernst-Einstein conductivity, which are in qualitative agreement with the numerical simulations.</div