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The first definitive Albian ammonites from the Kribi-Campo sub-basin in Cameroon and biostratigraphic implications for the opening of the South Atlantic
No full textInternational audienceThe timing of the opening of the Equatorial South Atlantic Ocean during the Cretaceous is poorly constrained. Despite previous research carried out along the West African continental margin, the biostratigraphic attribution of the Kribi-Campo sedimentary deposits in Cameroon remain poorly known leading to uncertainties in the ages of the formation and thus leading to incorrect interpretations and correlations of stratigraphic sequences. To date, the deposits are known to correspond to alluvial fan facies from the Lower Mundeck Formation and the assigned age is Barremian?-Aptian. We carried out a prospection in the sedimentary outcrops along the shoreline in the Kribi-Campo sub-Basin where poorly preserved but identifiable ammonite specimens were discovered and collected for analysis in order to determine the age of the formation. The marker bed containing the ammonite fossils consists of thin carbonaceous sandy shale. Our determinations revealed the following ammonites: Douvilleiceras sp. and Uhligellinae that characterize the basal Lower Albian (Douvilleiceras leightonense Zone) interval. This result allows us to suggest a reconsideration of the Kribi-Campo sub-basin deposits to be part of the upper Mundeck Formation. Our results confirm a diachronic separation of South America and Africa and a full connection between the North and South Atlantic Ocean during the Lower Albian
Assessment of directional scattering from Mie-resonant-plasmonic Si@Au core-shell nanoparticles
No full textInternational audienceMetamaterial research has sought to create nanostructures with strong directional optical scattering to control light propagation at the nanoscale. Core-shell architectures comprised of both resonant cores and resonant shells have been suggested as candidate particles in which the spectral overlap of the electric and magnetic dipoles can be controlled to create strong directional scattering. In this study, we present Au-decorated Si core-shell (Si@Au) particles. These were synthesized by creating Si particles through the thermal disproportionation of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), which were then decorated with ∼ 4 nm diameter Au nanoparticles. We characterized the resonant behavior of the core-shell particles using electron energy-loss spectroscopy mapping and optical single-particle scatter spectroscopy. These observations were supported by T-matrix simulations and Mie theory calculations of the scattering spectra, which show that compared to Si, Si@Au particles demonstrate a dampened magnetic dipole resonance for smaller Si core diameters (100 – 130 nm) and an enhanced magnetic dipole resonance for larger Si core sizes (150 – 200 nm). However, we show that continuous plasmonic shells of ~12 nm thickness are needed to significantly improve forward scattering intensity
"Odeurs et préjugés: l'air vicié dans les Books of Husbandry des XVI et XVIIe siècles"
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Learning efficient erasure protocols for an underdamped memory
No full textInternational audienceWe apply evolutionary reinforcement learning to a simulation model in order to identify efficient time-dependent erasure protocols for a physical realization of a one-bit memory by an underdamped mechanical cantilever. We show that these protocols, when applied to the cantilever in the laboratory, are considerably more efficient than our best hand-designed protocols. The learned protocols allow reliable high-speed erasure by minimizing the heating of the memory during the operation. More generally, the combination of methods used here opens the door to the rational design of efficient protocols for a variety of physics applications
Claude Debussy d'hier à aujourd'hui
No full textInternational audienceClaude Debussy died on 25 March 1918 to the sound of the German bombardments of Paris. Although briefly dismissed during the Années folles as an ageing Romantic whose murmurings about mists and moonlight, fauns and waves seemed to belong to the last gasp of the nineteenth century, the true significance of his revolutionary musical innovations soon began to emerge, and by the end of the next world war Debussy had assumed his rightful place as a giant of musical modernism and a treasure of the French patrimoine nationale. At the centenary of his passing the importance of his music has far from waned and he is internationally recognised as one of the most influential composers of the twentieth century, his music continuing to point the way ahead into the next hundred years.Comprising fifteen chapters by an international group of established and emerging scholars, Claude Debussy, d’hier à aujourd’hui reassesses the composer’s place not only in the musical and artistic context of his time but also during the period from his death to the present through considering issues that have hitherto been little explored. Presenting new investigations relating to sketch study, analysis of compositional gesture, correspondence, aesthetics, performance practice, historiography, reception and historic recordings as well as his influence on jazz and popular music, this important new study evaluates Debussy’s enduring legacy at the dawn of the twenty-first century.Claude Debussy disparaît le 25 mars 1918 au son des bombardements allemands dans Paris. Après avoir été un temps considéré comme un romantique vieillissant, dont les murmures à propos des brumes, du clair de lune, des faunes et des vagues semblaient appartenir au dernier souffle du XIXe siècle, le sens profond de ses innovations musicales est unanimement compris à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Désormais considéré comme un trésor du « patrimoine national » français, Debussy devient une figure majeure du modernisme musical. Pour le centenaire de sa disparition, le monde entier célèbre l'un des compositeurs les plus influents du XXe siècle, dont la musique continue d'indiquer des chemins à suivre pour les années à venir. Composé de quinze chapitres, rédigés par des chercheurs internationaux, cet ouvrage réévalue la place du compositeur dans le paysage musical et artistique de son époque, mais aussi des années qui ont suivi sa mort jusqu’à nos jours. Abordant des domaines jusqu'alors peu explorés, il se propose d’évaluer l'héritage durable de Debussy à l'aube du XXIe siècle au travers de réflexions qui portent sur l'étude de ses esquisses, l'analyse du geste compositionnel, sa correspondance, l'esthétique, les questions d’interprétation, l'historiographie, la réception et les enregistrements historiques, sans oublier son influence sur le jazz et les musiques actuelles
Prescribing High-Priced Cancer Drugs: Rethinking Physicians’ Choice Regarding Expensive Treatments
No full textInternational audienceAs the prices of cancer treatments are constantly rising, reaching tens and hundreds of thousands of euros per patient, this article examines the existence and impact of these prices in everyday hospital practice and in relation to medical autonomy. Our study takes place in the French health care system, which is characterized by the coverage of health care costs by the health insurance system. Through ethnographic observations carried out in hematology and thoracic oncology departments, the study explores how prices, although invisible and excluded from medical practice, can come into play in situations of tension at the boundaries of medical, administrative and financial prescriptive frameworks. However, this paper shows how the innovative and complex nature of these costly treatments can be reinterpreted in terms of value and even become a source of credit
L'enseignement explicite de la production d'écrits : l'expérience du LéA-IFÉ ECRIFLORE: Formation de formateurs, 29 avril 2025, Loiret et Eure-et-Loir
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Single-stage surgery with antibiotic-loaded hydrogel-coated implants versus two-stage surgery for chronic periprosthetic hip joint infection in French tertiary referral hospitals: the SINBIOSE-H non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial study protocol
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Chronic hip prosthetic joint infection (PJI) treatment needs non-conservative surgery. The recommended treatment follows a two-stage protocol. Between the two surgeries, full-weight bearing is prohibited, and joint stiffness and pain are rather usual complications. The single-stage procedure is thought to be less susceptible to late functional complications with a shorter, single hospital stay. However, infection control could be less efficient; the protocol highly relies on antibiotics and has a list of contra-indications. Most of these contra-indications are directly related to the biofilm formation. As no randomised control trial has ever compared single-stage versus two-stage surgery on infection treatment, the level of evidence for recommending one procedure over the other is low. An antibiotic-loaded hydrogel coating (Defensive Antiadhesive Coating (DAC), Novagenit SRL) has been proven to mechanically prevent biofilm formation while allowing a prolonged intra-articular antibiotic release. The addition of this biofilm inhibitor to a single-stage surgery might stand as a promising strategy for PJI. Moreover, using this device to prevent biofilm formation could expand one-stage surgery to patients who are in theory contra-indicated to one-stage surgery. Methods and analysis SINBIOSE-H is a Prospective Randomized Open, Blinded End-point clinical trial that will include patients with a chronic hip PJI as defined by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS), with at least one theoretical contra-indication for single-stage surgery. Patients needing a cemented implant will not be included. 440 patients will be randomised in two groups: the experimental group is composed of single-stage procedure associated with the use of biofilm inhibitor (DAC) loaded with topical antibiotics, and the control group is composed of two-stage procedure without biofilm inhibitor. The primary objective will be to demonstrate that single-stage surgery with antibiotic-loaded hydrogel-coated implants is non-inferior to two-stage surgery for chronic hip PJI treatment. The secondary objectives will be to demonstrate that single-stage surgery with antibiotic-loaded hydrogel-coated implants is superior to two-stage surgery on the prevention of functional complications, patient satisfaction scores, death rate, postoperative complications or early revision surgery for any cause other than infection. Based on a failure rate of two-stage surgery of 20% and a reduction of the infection rate using the DAC biofilm inhibitor from 3 to 0.7%, with a non-inferiority margin of 1.35 and power set at 90%, we estimated to enrol 420 patients. Ethics and dissemination The protocol is in accordance with ethical principles established by the Helsinki World Medical Assembly and its amendments and will be conducted in accordance with the recommendations of International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice. A core information and informed consent form will be provided. The written approval of the Ethics Committee (EC)/Institutional Review Board (IRB) together with the approved subject information/informed consent forms must be filed in the study files. Written informed consent must be obtained before any study-specific procedure takes place. The data will be saved on the internal network in a secured directory, dedicated to the study. At the end of the research, all documents (case report files, investigator files, etc) will be archived and stored for 15 years in each centre. Data on SAEs will be included in the study documentation file. All data and documents will be made available if requested by relevant authorities. The EC and IRB were submitted and approved in France (CPP Ile De France X, 93 602 AULNAY-SOUS-BOIS). Ethics approval covers all centres. Trial registration number The study is registered on clinicaltrials.org under NCT04251377 (EUDRACT NUMBER, 2019-A01491-56; trial sponsor, St Etienne University Hospital Center; date of the last version, 24 February 2006)
