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Archive(s) of the Present: Homebound by Puja Changoiwala
No full textInternational audienceIn the Author’s Note to Homebound (2021), Puja Changoiwala, referring to the plight of India’s internal migrant workers who attempted to go back home during the 2020 Covid pandemic, wrote that she ‘wanted to seal their cold realities in ink, ensure that we never drown them into oblivion’ (p. 230). She added that she chose fiction as a medium to keep a trace of their experiences and ensure that their sudden visibility would not dissipate. While fictional texts ontologically differ from archived documents, this paper argues that Homebound contributes to an archive or a counter-archive of the present in its representation of often unrecorded and unarchived people and events. After defining the concept of ‘archive(s)’ in the plural and in the singular, this article explores the relation of journalism and non-fiction to the archive(s) before examining some of the ways in which Homebound archives the present. The paper draws in particular from Boaventura de Sousa Santos’s concepts of ‘palimpsest archive’ and ‘insurgent or counter-hegemonic archive’ in order to show the ways in which Homebound archives ‘a nonofficial and nonauthorized present’ and relies on ‘anarchival practices’ which enable Puja Changoiwala to record the affective, sensitive and embodied aspects of lived experience
Optimal control of an impulsive VS-EIAR epidemic model with applications to COVID-19
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we investigate a VS-EIAR epidemiological model that incorporates vaccinated individuals \{V_i : i = 1, \ldots, n\}, where n\in\mathbb{N}^{*}. The dynamics of the VS-EIAR model are governed by a system of ordinary differential equations describing the evolution of vaccinated, susceptible, exposed, infected, asymptomatic, and deceased population groups. Our primary objective is to minimize the number of susceptible, exposed, infected, and asymptomatic individuals by administering vaccination doses to susceptible individuals and providing treatment to the infected population. To achieve this, we employ optimal control theory to regulate the epidemic dynamics within an optimal terminal time \tau^{*}. Using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle (PMP), we establish the existence of an optimal control pair (v^{*}(t), u^{*}(t)). Additionally, we extend the model to an impulsive VS-EIAR framework, with particular emphasis on the impact of immigration and population movement. Finally, we present numerical simulations to validate the theoretical results and demonstrate their practical applicability
« Une artisanale – et toujours en travail – histoire sociale des idées »
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Effets de l'usage du plomb en contexte urbain sur la santé humaine, questionnements méthodologiques
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La possibilité de l'extinction des animaux et le destin de l'humanité : quelques réflexions des débuts de l'Islam
No full textInternational audienceالملخص تهدف هذه المقالة إلى استعراض إجابات مختلفة بشأن إمكانية انقراض أنواع حيوانية قبل يوم القيامة، قدّمها مؤلفون من خلفيات مختلفة في العالم الإسلامي المبكر، منذ القرن الأول الهجري/السابع الميلادي حتى القرن الرابع الهجري/العاشر الميلادي. أبدأ أولًا بعرض الرؤية الكونية التي تنبثق من الأدبيات المسيحية حول أيام الخلق الستة، ومن القرآن، والتي يبدو أنها تشير إلى كون منظم ومتناغم، ينبغي ألّا تنقرض فيه أنواع الحيوانات قبل يوم القيامة. ثم أوضّح ثانيًا أن رؤية العالم التي تتبناها الزرادشتية تختلف جذريًا من حيث نظامها الكوني الذي يسمح باختفاء الأنواع. وأخيرًا، أتساءل عما إذا كان الجاحظ، وابن قتيبة، والفارابي، وابن أبي الأشعث، يربطون مصير الحيوانات بمصير الإنسان.This article reviews various perspectives on the possibility of animal species’ extinction before the Day of Judgement, as discussed by authors from diverse backgrounds in the early Islamicate world, spanning the 1st/7th century to the 4th/10th century. I begin by presenting the worldview that emerges from the hexaemeral literature and from the Qurʾan, which suggests an orderly and harmonious universe where animal species should not become extinct before the Day of Judgement. I then demonstrate that the worldview espoused by Zoroastrianism is fundamentally different, as its cosmology allows for the disappearance of species. Finally, I examine whether al-Jāḥiẓ, Ibn Qutayba, al-Fārābī, and Ibn Abī l-Ashʿath connect the fate of animals to that of humans.Cet article passe en revue les perspectives de divers auteurs des débuts de l'Islam (ayant vécu entre le Ier/VIIe siècle et le IVe/Xe siècle) sur la possibilité d'une extinction des espèces animales avant l'avènement du Jugement dernier. Il présente d'abord la vision du monde qui se dégage de la littérature hexaémérale et du Coran : un univers ordonné et harmonieux dans lequel les espèces animales ne peuvent normalement pas s'éteindre avant le Jour du Jugement. Il démontre ensuite que la vision du monde défendue par le zoroastrisme est fondamentalement différente car sa cosmologie envisage la disparition des espèces. Il interroge enfin la mesure dans laquelle al-Ǧāḥiẓ, Ibn Qutayba, al-Fārābī et Ibn Abī l-Ašʿaṯ lient le sort des animaux à celui des humains
Le vieillissement démographique. Des espaces ruraux plus vieillis, une gérontocroissance urbaine accentuée
No full textNational audienceAgeing is a notable phenomenon, which has become more acute since the 2000s. Around one fifth of the French population is now aged 65 or over. At the local level, this is the result of declining fertility, longer life expectancy, the inherited age structure and migration. The proportion of elderly people is mapped at the level of counties or cities (‘cantons-ou-villes’), showing that it increases as population density decreases, a consequence of rural depopulation in the 20th century and the departure of young people for education or employment. The change in the proportion of older people is also mapped, highlighting how the coastal areas are ageing as a result of residential migration of senior residents. Furthermore, peri-urban areas as well as small and medium-sized towns have benefited most from the increase in the elderly population, while this trend remains limited in large urban and rural areas, where deaths do not sufficiently offset the number of people entering old age.Le vieillissement est un phénomène marqué, qui s’est accentué à partir des années 2000. Environ un cinquième de la population française a aujourd’hui 65 ans ou plus. À l’échelle locale, il résulte de la baisse de la fécondité, de l’allongement de la vie, de la structure par âge héritée et des migrations. La part des personnes âgées est cartographiée au niveau des cantons-ou-villes, montrant en premier lieu que celle-ci augmente à mesure que la densité démographique diminue, conséquence de l’exode rural au XXème siècle et du départ des jeunes pour les études ou l’emploi. L’évolution de la part des aînée est aussi cartographiée, illustrant le vieillissement des littoraux qui s’explique par des migrations résidentielles de personnes âgées. En outre , les espaces périurbains et les petites et moyennes villes ont le plus bénéficié de la gérontocroissance, tandis qu’elle demeure limitée dans les grandes agglomérations et les espaces ruraux, les décès y compensant insuffisamment les entrées dans le troisième âge
