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Optimal Fidelity Estimation from Binary Measurements for Discrete and Continuous Variable Systems
No full textInternational audienceEstimating the fidelity between a desired target quantum state and an actual prepared state is essential for assessing the success of experiments. For pure target states, we use functional representations that can be measured directly and determine the number of copies of the prepared state needed for fidelity estimation. In continuous variable (CV) systems, we use the Wigner function, which can be measured via displaced parity measurements. We provide upper and lower bounds on the sample complexity required for fidelity estimation, considering the worst-case scenario across all possible prepared states. For target states of particular interest, such as Fock and Gaussian states, we find that this sample complexity is characterized by the L 1 -norm of the Wigner function, a measure of Wigner negativity widely studied in the literature, in particular in resource theories of quantum computation. For discrete variable systems consisting of n qubits, we explore fidelity estimation protocols using Pauli string measurements. Similarly as for the CV approach, the sample complexity is shown to be characterized by the L 1 -norm of the characteristic function of the target state for both Haar random states and stabilizer states. Furthermore, in a general black box model, we prove that, for any target state, the optimal sample complexity for fidelity estimation is characterized by the smoothed L 1 -norm of the target state. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the L 1 -norm of the Wigner function provides a lower bound on the cost of some information processing task
Who are the healthcare professionals involved in interprofessional team meetings in French multidisciplinary primary care centres? A quantitative analysis of eight centres
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Interprofessional collaboration is crucial for providing high-quality care to patients with complex conditions in primary care. In France, multidisciplinary primary care centres (MPCC) receive funding if they organise at least 6 interprofessional team meetings (ITM) per year to discuss complex patient situations and collectively define care strategies. It remains unclear how ITM have been implemented in France. This study analyses healthcare professionals’ involvement in ITMs within MPCCs. METHOD: A multicenter retrospective quantitative study in 8 French MPCCs based on the analysis of ITM reports for the period from 2018 to 2019 was conducted. RESULTS: 1733 patients’situations (n = 1733 cases) discussed during ITMs were analysed. The 8 MPCCs were heterogeneous in terms of geographical location, creation date, and size (3 MPCCs with > 20,000 patients followed by more than 60 professionals and 3 MPCCs with < 20 professionals). On average, five healthcare professionals attended each ITM, with huge variations among MPCCs. The nurse-general practitioner (GP) pair was central. At least one GP was present at 89% (n = 1469) and nurses at 38.15% (n = 630) of ITMs. Participation of other professionals was less frequent and varied according to the MPCC. Physiotherapists were present at 7.8% of ITMs, and other healthcare professionals were present at < 6% of ITMs, including pharmacists (3% of ITMs). In some cases, healthcare professionals external to MPCC, particularly those related to mental health, were also involved in ITMs. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the MPCC, the professionals involved in ITM vary widely, with the nurse-GP pair at the centre. The relative absence of certain professionals needs to be analysed in order to encourage interprofessional working. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable
Quantum theory does not need complex numbers
No full textThe longstanding debate over whether quantum theory fundamentally requires complex numbers-or if their use is merely a convenient choice-has persisted for decades. Until recently, this question was considered open. However, in [M.-O. Renou et al, Nature 600, 625-629, 2021], a decisive argument was presented asserting that quantum theory needs complex numbers. In this work, we demonstrate that a formulation of quantum theory based solely on real numbers is indeed possible while retaining key features such as theory-representation locality (i.e. local physical operations are represented by local changes to the states) and the positive semi-definiteness of its states and effects. We observe that the standard system combination rule-the tensor product-was derived after the development of single-system complex quantum theory. By starting from a single-system quantum theory using only real numbers, we derive a combination rule that produces a real quantum theory with properties analogous to those of conventional complex quantum theory. We also prove that the conventional tensor product rule can also lead to a real and representation-local theory, albeit with a modified characterization of the state space. We thus conclude that complex numbers are a mere convenience in quantum theory. CONTENTS 1. Positivity-preserving mapping on a single system 2. Positivity-preserving mapping on two subsystems C. Explicit constructions of the M (•) map D. Proof of Theorem 2
Corps à lire, textes à vendre : l'atelier d'artiste dans la fiction (1867-1919), entre voyeurisme et prostitution
No full textInternational audienceIn the last third of the 19th century, the French-language “roman de l’artiste” seems to have undergone a sexual redefinition. From 1867 onwards, as Manette Salomon shows, the Romantic focus on the artist’s struggle to create the ideal masterpiece shifted to the representation of the materiality of his desire. Through the prism of Naturalism, “l’atelier d’artiste” became a commonplace for illustrating the sex life of the Man of Genius, of which models were a part. As objects of voyeurism, they crystallize both his, and the readers’ quasi-medical obsession with the female body. The prostitution circuit in which most of the women—and even some men—posing for the “artist-client” were involved reflected a reality, and allegorized the ever-growing publishing market. Despite the objectifying message they convey, these representations in turn allowed models, and sex-workers to put in writing their own experience of studio work, as Neel Doff’s autobiographical novel Keetje (1919) testifies. (In French)
Spatial Distribution of European Grayling Reflects Longitudinal Temperature Patterns in a Swiss River
No full textInternational audienceMost salmonid populations are declining across their entire habitat range, partly because of large‐scale loss of crucial physical habitats. Alterations in river flow and temperature resulting from climate change are likely to further degrade habitat quality, particularly summer thermal conditions experienced by temperature‐sensitive fish species. Understanding how summer thermal conditions control the spatial distribution of ectotherms is thus central to helping project the consequences of climate change and develop management solutions. This study uses snorkelling fish surveys collected over 10 years and airborne thermal infrared (TIR) mapping of surface temperature acquired in 2022 to assess the relationship between European grayling distribution and thermal habitats along a 9‐km long reach of the Allondon River, Switzerland. Results show that all 3 grayling life stages (adults, sub‐adults and juveniles) respond negatively to elevated summer temperature, with distribution patterns highlighting thermal structuring effects on fish populations. The presence of two cooler reaches appears critical to the survival of the Allondon's declining grayling population, while the warmest reach that separates these habitats potentially acts as a thermal barrier during critical summer conditions. These results were used to guide local stakeholders towards short‐term and longer‐term actions to be taken on the river, which include: concerted trans‐national management to protect key upstream tributaries, tree planting to limit summer peak temperature and strategic protection of cold‐water patches that may act as thermal refuges during critical periods
[Introduction à la partie " Les économistes" ] L'économie politique à la faculté de droit de Lyon : une diversité théorique et doctrinale
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Les effets de la brièveté dans les entrées encyclopédiques
No full textInternational audienceLe volume textuel prodigieux des dictionnaires et encyclopédies impose des contraintes, notamment techniques et financières, aux comités éditoriaux à l'origine de tels projets. Au niveau lexical, le recours aux abréviations et aux contractions permet d'assurer la concision des entrées. Cet article étudie leur emploi dans deux encyclopédies de langue française: l'Encyclopédie, Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, par une Société de Gens de lettres ainsi que La Grande Encyclopédie, Inventaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts par une Société de savants et de gens de lettres. Il montre que les abréviations sont présentes dans de nombreux aspects propres aux encyclopédies tels que l'organisation en domaines de connaissances ou la mise en relation d'entrées au moyen de renvois. Enfin, il s'intéresse à ces formes abrégées du point de vue des outils de traitement automatiques utilisés en linguistique de corpus
Sortir de la médecine générale libérale : les effets croisés de la socialisation professionnelle, de classe et de genre
No full textInternational audience"While entry into the profession of general practitioner and the way it is practiced have been the subject of numerous sociological studies, the forms of exit from the profession have scarcely been explored. This article sheds light on them through an analysis of professional socialization and its variations. Our interview-based study, conducted in working-class rural and peri-urban areas, with 65 general practitioners who left private practice or adapted it, reveals the gendered costs of non-conformity to a professional model of availability that corresponded to a previous (male) state of the profession. We show that exiting or adapting private practice responds to dispositional crises revealing physicians’ misalignment with the professional model of permanent availability, a phenomenon that is determined by primary, class, and gender socialization. Lastly, we show how the decline in public services favors exiting private practice."Si l’entrée dans la profession de médecin généraliste et ses modalités d’exercice ont fait l’objet d’enquêtes sociologiques nombreuses, les formes de sortie du métier sont peu explorées. Cet article les éclaire par l’analyse de la socialisation professionnelle et de ses inflexions. Notre enquête par entretiens, dans des territoires ruraux et péri-urbains populaires, avec 65 médecins généralistes ayant quitté ou aménagé l’exercice libéral révèle les coûts genrés de la non-conformité à un modèle professionnel de disponibilité ajusté à un état antérieur (masculin) de la profession. Nous montrons que les sorties ou l’aménagement de l’exercice libéral répondent à des crises dispositionnelles révélant le désajustement des médecins au modèle professionnel de la disponibilité permanente, et qu’elles sont déterminées par la socialisation primaire, de classe et de genre. Enfin, nous montrons comment le recul des services publics favorise les sorties de la médecine générale libérale
