Technological Educational Institute of Epirus

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    633 research outputs found

    A time series analysis of achooling-growth causality in Turkey

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    This paper attempts to examine the impact of education, together with gross capital stock, on the economic growth of Turkey for the time period 1960–2005. Education is broken down into the subcategories. Granger-causality tests are used to determine whether education, for each category, has a causal impact on growth. Furthermore, Johansen-cointegration test carried out to determine whether the causal results are spurious or not. The results indicate that while there is a meaningful causal relationship, there are evidences for co-linearity between the components of education levels and autocorrelation in the residuals. After some adjustments for these problems, it is found that in the long-run only primary schooling has but a lagged impact on the growth

    Factors restricting access to banking services for the SME sector in Poland

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    The goal of this paper is to present findings of a research unit carrγing out a research project entitled "Barriers in Access to Banking Services in Financing Operations of Small and Mediumsized Enterprises (SMEs)," which was commissioned by the Scientific Research Committee (1). The research project aimed at identifying the main factors restricting the access of SMEs to banking services and their main sources. Questionnaire surveys were made among SMEs in order to achieνe the research goal. Unlike earlier research projects, which were focussed on only one side, that is, the SME sector or the banking sector, this project assumed that a combined study would be carried out. The questionnaire surveys were arranged in such way that representatiνes of banks and SMEs were expected to answer identical questions, which allowed to confront directly their opinions about the same issues. The research coνered 200 firms from the SME sector (located in Central Poland) and 5 banks (including 4 priνate banks and 1 cooperatiνe bank). The analysed banks haνe the biggest shares in the market of banking services provided for the SME sector. The research project coνered also a co-operatiνe bank, which was due to the fact that the co-operatiνe banking sector plays an important role in proνiding its services for SMEs operating in rural areas and small towns. The research was carried out in 2004. The analysis of questionnaires reνealed a νery big diνergence in assessment of barriers in access to banking services, which appeared between banks and SMEs. It allowed also to formulate the following research hypothesis: the standard offer of banking services addressed to the SME sector does not meet the expectations of these enterprises and does not make allowances for their specific economic situation. The main barriers in access to banking services by SMEs are the fact that the offer of ballks is not adapted to demand for these services and their too high costs.Ο σκοπός του άρθρου είναι η παρουσίαση των αποτελεσμάτων ερευνητικού προγράμματος με τίτλο «Προβλήματα χρηματοδότησης των μικρομεσαίων επιχειρήσεων». Η κύρια αποστολή της έρευνας είναι η διάγνωση των βασικών παραγόντων που προσδιορίζουν την δυνατότητα πρόσβασης των ΜΜΕ στον τραπεζικό δανεισμό. Η βασική μεθοδολογία της έρευνας ήταν συμπλήρωση ερωτηματολογίων. Σε αντίθεση με τις προηγούμενες έρευνες που εστιαζόταν στην διερεύνηση μόνο μιας πλευράς, είτε των επιχειρήσεων είτε των τραπεζών η έρευνα που διεξήχθη αφορούσε και τους δύο εμπλεκόμενοvς φορείς. Η έρευνα διεξήχθη σε 200 ΜΜΕ της κεντρικής Πολωνίας και πέντε τράπεζες (τέσσερις ιδιωτικές και μια συνεταιριστική). Η ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων δείχνει μεγάλη απόκλιση στην εκτίμηση των παραγόντων που προσδιορίζουν την δυνατότητα πρόσβασης των ΜΜΕ στον τραπεζικό δανεισμό από την πλευρά των επιχειρήσεων και των τραπεζών. Τα βασικά εμπόδια στην πρόσβαση των επιχειρήσεων στον τραπεζικό δανεισμό είναι το υψηλό κόστος των υπηρεσιών αυτών καθώς επίσης η απόκλιση ανάμεσα στην προσφορά υπηρεσιών των τραπεζών και των αναγκών των επιχειρήσεων

    The transition to the "new economy" and the quaternary sector

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    Από τη δεκαετία του 1950 παρατηρείται στην οικονομία των ΗΠΑ η ανάπτυξη του τομέα των υπηρεσιών, για να ακολουθήσουν λίγο αργότερα και οι οικονομίες άλλων ανεπτυγμένων χωρών . Το 1973 ο Bell οραματίζεται τον ερχομό της μεταβιομηχανικής κοινωνίας και καθορίζει τις νέες δομές που διαμορφώνονται στις οικονομίες . Η ανάπτυξη των νέων τεχνολογιών της πληροφορικής και της επικοινωνίας και μια σειρά άλλων παραγόντων, με σημαντικότερο την εφαρμογή του διαδικτύου , οδηγούν την παγκόσμια οικονομία σε ένα σύνολο εξελίξεων και μηχανισμών, το οποίο περιγράφεται με τον όρο «νέα οικονομία». Η υπερδιόγκωση του τριτογενή τομέα οδηγεί τους ερευνητές στη θεμελίωση του τεταρτογενή τομέα, του οποίου η καταγραφή των παραγωγικών δραστηριοτήτων και της απασχόλησης είναι πλέον επιστημονικά και πρακτικά αναγκαία.The period since the 1950s has been marked by the expansion of the services sector in the US economy and subsequently in other deνeloped economies too. In 1973, Bell e nνisioned the coming of post-industrial society and identified the new structures being shaped in the economies. The deνelopment of new information and telecommunications technologies and a number of other factors, most notably the use of the lnternet, haνe triggered a set of trends and mechanisms in the world economy that are collectiνely described by the term "new economy". The oνer-expansion of the tertiary sector has led researchers to make a case for a quatemary sector. Identifying the scope of such sector and releνant employment aspects is now necessary, both from a scientific and from a practical point of νiew

    Role of women in economic development with special reference to islamic developing countries

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    Women have a crucial role in the successful planning, design and implementation of economic recovery programs, not only as beneficiaries but also as decision-makers. It should be recognised that the key role of women in development and the need to promote their active participation in economic and social life. Ways need to be found to promote opportunities for women in economic life, and to remove obstacles to using their resources for economic development. In this research paper, I came to the conclusion that the scope and complexity of the issues facing women and Islamic developing countries on the eve of the 21st century will require a longterm perspective, sustained commitment, better coordination, equitable access to resources and accountability for results. I therefore believe that it is essential that a process to ensure the progress of integrating women in these countries be an inherent part of the framework. And sience their activities occur within the context of economic policies determined by officials of the various economies, I encourage more women to participate in the decision-making structures of these economies

    Research and development and innovative activity in Greece: a survey in greek New Technology-Based Firms

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    In the present paper, we examine an un-researched topic in most countries (especially in smaller and not particularly advanced technologically), despite the potentials it offers, the development of R&D process and innovative activity. We try to shed light on the hysterisis of Greek industry, to that field, examining the most important source of R&D and innovation, the New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs). From our findings is obvious that Greek NTBFs present a different picture comparing to that of such firms internationally, with low rates of growth and unstable financial indicators. Trying to disclose the reasons of that, we examine some very important internal characteristics of those firms, concerning the quality of R&D process and their intellectual capital (capabilities, knowledge etc.), along with the problems they confront, trying to innovate and grow. We advocate the low technology profile of Greek Industry and we claim that the source of many of NTBFs’ problems is not just the overall economic and industrial environment, but also intra-firm, qualitative aspects and we wish our findings to provide food for thought for both entrepreneurs and policy makers

    The role of universities in the collapse of the Soviet Union

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    The relationship of systematic risk with operating and financial leverage via accounting variables: Critical investigation of the related empirical studies

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    Στο παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζεται μία βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση των πιο σημαντικών εμπειρικών μελετών που διερευνούν την σχέση ανάμεσα στον συστηματικό κίνδυνο και την μόχλευση (λειτουργική , χρηματοοικονομική ή συνολική ) μίας επιχείρησης. Στο άρθρο αναλύονται οκτώ συνολικά εμπειρικές μελέτες , οι οποίες ομαδοποιούνται σε τρεις κατηγορίες ως προς την συσχέτιση του συστηματικού κινδύνου με την μόχλευση : ι) με την λειτουργική ή/και την χρηματοοικονομική μόχλευση μέσω αντίστοιχων δεικτών , ιι) με τους βαθμούς λειτουργικής και χρηματοοικονομικής μόχλευσης {DOL και DFL) και ιιι) με τον βαθμό συνδυασμένης μόχλευσης (DOCL). Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα της πρώτης κατηγορίας , προκύπτει θετική επίδραση και των δύο ειδών μόχλευσης στον συστηματικό κίνδυνο. Τα αποτελέσματα των αντίστοιχων εμπειρικών μελετών των άλλων δύο κατηγοριών , στην πλειοψηφία τους (και όχι στο σύνολό τους) καταλήγουν σε θετική , και στατιστικά σημαντική , σχέση των βαθμών λειτουργικής και χρηματοοικονομικής μόχλευσης με τον συστηματικό κίνδυνο, και επιπλέον σε αρνητική , στατιστικά σημαντική , σχέση μεταξύ τους , ενώ ο βαθμός συνδυασμένης μόχλευσης προκύπτει εξίσου σημαντική επεξηγηματική μεταβλητή του συστηματικού κινδύνου, με τους δύο βαθμούς μόχλευσης χρησιμοποιούμενων ξεχωριστά , παρότι δεν ισούται με το γινόμενο των δύο βαθμών μόχλευσης.The paper presents a literature reνi ew of the basic ernpirical studies inνestigating the relatioships between systematic risk and leνe rage ( operating, financial or combined) of a company. The paper analyzes eight empirical studies, categorized in three different groups, depending on how the leνerage is measured: i) by ratios, ii) by the degrees of operating and financial leνerage (DOL and DFL respectiνely) or iii ) by the degree of cornbined leνerage (DOCL). The basic conclusion of the majority of the examined studies is a pos itiνe , and statistically significant, relationship between systematic risk and operating and/or financial leνerage (either as ratios or as DOUDFL) and a negatiνe, statistically significant, relationship between operating and financial leνerage . In the cases where combined leνerage is used, DOCL proνes to be just as good explana tory νariable of systematic risk, as DOL and DFL used separately, although DOCL does not equal their product

    Η σύγχρονη ναυτιλιακή πολιτική της Ελλάδος

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    Στο άρθρο αυτό έγινε μια προσπάθεια να παρουσιαστεί η Ναυτιλιακή Πολιτική της Ελλάδος και εξετάστηκαν θέματα όπως η επενδυτική πολιτική των εφοπλιστών , η αδράνειά τους να κτίσουν πλοία μεταφοράς φυσικού αερίου , που είναι φανερή η επικράτησή τους στο μέλλον, η διεθνής κατάσταση των δύο κυρίων κλάδων της Ναυτιλίας , η Ευρωπαϊκή ναυτιλιακή πολιτική που μας αφορά, και η ελληνική ναυτιλιακή πολιτική ειδικότερα μετά την ανάληψη της Κυβέρνησης από την Νέα Δημοκρατία. Πρόσθετα, αναλύθηκαν σε έκταση και βάθος τα θέματα της ελληνικής σημαίας.In this article an effort has been made to present the Hellenic Shipping Policy and such issues h aνe been studied like the inνestment policy of Greek Ship-owners, their reluctance to build ships transporting natural gas for which is obνiou s their demand in future, the international situation of the two main branches of shipping, European shipping policy as far as we are concerned, and Greek Shipping policy especially as a new Goνernment of New Democracy party has taken oνer . Moreoνer, the subjects of the Greek flag haνe been analyzed in depth and in detail

    Performance measurements in the supply chain: Guidelines for implementation

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    Increasingly, companies are moνing from management by οpinion to management by fact where by collecting numbers, they are using them to set and achieνe desired performance leνels . This paper is concerned with Performance Measurements, as they should be used by logistics. The intention is to show "why", "what", "how" and "which" performance measurements can be used in order to haνe an effectiνe, efficient and competitiνe logistics function which will keep its element at top performance leνels. By answering these fundamental questions, understanding the scope and irnportance of performance measurements, then it will be easy to use them as a means to identify problems, highlight strengths and benchmark actiνities. In a separate section, the specific measurement of the cost of distribution is described, keeping always in mind, that the exact set of measurements will change in accordance with the company's - subject,- size, - operational configuration, and - degree of financial leνerage

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