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Pyramid complex of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure
No full textPyramid of Menkaure (smallest, built ca. 2490-2472 BCE), context view, looking south from behind the Pyramid of Khafre; Egyptian governorate just west of Cairo, site of a major royal necropolis of the Old Kingdom capital of Memphis. The necropolis, containing the 4th Dynasty (ac. 2575-ac. 2465 BCE) pyramid complexes of Cheops, Chephren and Mycerinus (Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure) and their associated satellite burials, is divided by a broad wadi into two areas: the higher plateau, with the pyramid complexes, Great Sphinx and mastaba fields, and other private tombs on an escarpment to the south-west. Although Giza's period of greatest importance was during the Old Kingdom (ca. 2575-ca. 2150 BCE), the site underwent revivals in the New Kingdom (ca. 1540-ca. 1075 BCE) and the Saite period (ca. 664-525 BCE). Most of the tombs were robbed in antiquity, and much of the original casing of the monuments has been quarried away, considerably altering their appearance. In the late 20th century the site has come under threat from rising ground water, which is slowly destroying the monuments. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Pyramids of Giza; Solar Boat Museum
No full textView of the reconstructed Solar Boat, in the Solar Boat Museum, located just south of the Pyramid of Khufu, showing cabin and stern of Solar Boat, port side view; In 1925 George Reisner excavated the opulent burial of Cheops' [Khufu's] mother Hetepheres I, the only substantially unplundered royal tomb of the Old Kingdom, which was found in a shaft beside the causeway. Five pits arranged around the main pyramid originally contained ritual boats; one, excavated in 1954 by Kamal el-Mallakh, yielded the excellently preserved components of a dismantled cedarwood river vessel measuring over 43 m long. Reconstructed and conserved by Ahmed Youssef Mostafa, it is now displayed in a special museum on site. It is debatable whether the vessel was actually used during the King's funeral to transport the body to the valley temple, or whether it had a purely symbolic function relating to the journey of the dead King through the cosmos [the origin of the term 'solar' boat]. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Pyramids of Giza; Solar Boat Museum
No full textView of the reconstructed Solar Boat, in the Solar Boat Museum, located just south of the Pyramid of Khufu, underside of Solar Boat from stern, focus on oars; In 1925 George Reisner excavated the opulent burial of Cheops' [Khufu's] mother Hetepheres I, the only substantially unplundered royal tomb of the Old Kingdom, which was found in a shaft beside the causeway. Five pits arranged around the main pyramid originally contained ritual boats; one, excavated in 1954 by Kamal el-Mallakh, yielded the excellently preserved components of a dismantled cedarwood river vessel measuring over 43 m long. Reconstructed and conserved by Ahmed Youssef Mostafa, it is now displayed in a special museum on site. It is debatable whether the vessel was actually used during the King's funeral to transport the body to the valley temple, or whether it had a purely symbolic function relating to the journey of the dead King through the cosmos [the origin of the term 'solar' boat]. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Pyramids of Giza; Solar Boat Museum
No full textView of the pit where the remains of the Solar Boat were excavated in 1954, located on the east side of the Pyramid of Khufu; In 1925 George Reisner excavated the opulent burial of Cheops' [Khufu's] mother Hetepheres I, the only substantially unplundered royal tomb of the Old Kingdom, which was found in a shaft beside the causeway. Five pits arranged around the main pyramid originally contained ritual boats; one, excavated in 1954 by Kamal el-Mallakh, yielded the excellently preserved components of a dismantled cedarwood river vessel measuring over 43 m long. Reconstructed and conserved by Ahmed Youssef Mostafa, it is now displayed in a special museum on site. It is debatable whether the vessel was actually used during the King's funeral to transport the body to the valley temple, or whether it had a purely symbolic function relating to the journey of the dead King through the cosmos [the origin of the term 'solar' boat]. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008