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Pyramid complex of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure
No full textPyramid of Menkaure (smallest, built ca. 2490-2472 BCE), general view, showing the entrance (east) face of pyramid with granite casing stones along base; Egyptian governorate just west of Cairo, site of a major royal necropolis of the Old Kingdom capital of Memphis. The necropolis, containing the 4th Dynasty (ac. 2575-ac. 2465 BCE) pyramid complexes of Cheops, Chephren and Mycerinus (Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure) and their associated satellite burials, is divided by a broad wadi into two areas: the higher plateau, with the pyramid complexes, Great Sphinx and mastaba fields, and other private tombs on an escarpment to the south-west. Although Giza's period of greatest importance was during the Old Kingdom (ca. 2575-ca. 2150 BCE), the site underwent revivals in the New Kingdom (ca. 1540-ca. 1075 BCE) and the Saite period (ca. 664-525 BCE). Most of the tombs were robbed in antiquity, and much of the original casing of the monuments has been quarried away, considerably altering their appearance. In the late 20th century the site has come under threat from rising ground water, which is slowly destroying the monuments. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Necropolis of Giza; Mastaba and Rock-cut Tombs
No full textView of mastaba tombs located east of the Pyramid of Khafre, with the Pyramid of Khufu in the background; Numerous burials of private individuals, many of whom had held office in the Giza necropolis during their lifetimes, are associated with the royal burials. These mastabas and rock-cut tombs were gifts from the king in return for loyal service and may have been constructed by royal craftsmen. The original mastaba fields lying to the west, south and east of the Great Pyramids were laid out in regular lines, but later cemeteries grew up more haphazardly. Most of the tombs conform to a standard plan comprising a storeroom, an offering room and a burial chamber; a chapel in the superstructure contained one or more offering stelae by means of which the deceased and members of his family could enjoy sustenance in the next world. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Pyramid complex of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure
No full textContext view, looking northeast over desert, showing the pyramids of Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu and Mycerinus' queens pyramids; Egyptian governorate just west of Cairo, site of a major royal necropolis of the Old Kingdom capital of Memphis. The necropolis, containing the 4th Dynasty (ac. 2575-ac. 2465 BCE) pyramid complexes of Cheops, Chephren and Mycerinus (Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure) and their associated satellite burials, is divided by a broad wadi into two areas: the higher plateau, with the pyramid complexes, Great Sphinx and mastaba fields, and other private tombs on an escarpment to the south-west. Although Giza's period of greatest importance was during the Old Kingdom (ca. 2575-ca. 2150 BCE), the site underwent revivals in the New Kingdom (ca. 1540-ca. 1075 BCE) and the Saite period (ca. 664-525 BCE). Most of the tombs were robbed in antiquity, and much of the original casing of the monuments has been quarried away, considerably altering their appearance. In the late 20th century the site has come under threat from rising ground water, which is slowly destroying the monuments. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Necropolis of Giza; Mastaba and Rock-cut Tombs
No full textGeneral view of mastaba tombs, located south of the Pyramid of Khufu, with the Solar Boat Museum located behind the tombs; Numerous burials of private individuals, many of whom had held office in the Giza necropolis during their lifetimes, are associated with the royal burials. These mastabas and rock-cut tombs were gifts from the king in return for loyal service and may have been constructed by royal craftsmen. The original mastaba fields lying to the west, south and east of the Great Pyramids were laid out in regular lines, but later cemeteries grew up more haphazardly. Most of the tombs conform to a standard plan comprising a storeroom, an offering room and a burial chamber; a chapel in the superstructure contained one or more offering stelae by means of which the deceased and members of his family could enjoy sustenance in the next world. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Red Pyramid
No full textClose view of the northeast corner; Dahshur is the site of an ancient Egyptian necropolis consisting of Old and Middle Kingdom pyramids, on the west bank of the Nile, 75 km south of Cairo. The oldest pyramid is that of King Sneferu (reigned ca. 2575-ca. 2551 BCE), which is the first to have been designed from the start as a true pyramid. The angle of its sides was decreased halfway up, giving it a rhomboidal appearance, hence its name of Bent Pyramid. Sneferu's other monument, the Red Pyramid, lies 2 km north of the Bent Pyramid. The angle of its sides is the same as that of the upper part of its southern predecessor. Although the pyramid's casing was almost completely removed by later builders, its capstone has been found; this pyramidion (Cairo, Egyptian Museum) is the oldest so far discovered and the only one surviving from the Old Kingdom. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/16/2008
Pyramid complex of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure
No full textContext view, looking north, showing the pyramids Khafre (at left) and of Khufu (at right) with Boat Museum; Egyptian governorate just west of Cairo, site of a major royal necropolis of the Old Kingdom capital of Memphis. The necropolis, containing the 4th Dynasty (ac. 2575-ac. 2465 BCE) pyramid complexes of Cheops, Chephren and Mycerinus (Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure) and their associated satellite burials, is divided by a broad wadi into two areas: the higher plateau, with the pyramid complexes, Great Sphinx and mastaba fields, and other private tombs on an escarpment to the south-west. Although Giza's period of greatest importance was during the Old Kingdom (ca. 2575-ca. 2150 BCE), the site underwent revivals in the New Kingdom (ca. 1540-ca. 1075 BCE) and the Saite period (ca. 664-525 BCE). Most of the tombs were robbed in antiquity, and much of the original casing of the monuments has been quarried away, considerably altering their appearance. In the late 20th century the site has come under threat from rising ground water, which is slowly destroying the monuments. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Pyramid complex of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure
No full textThe Pyramid of Khufu complex, one of the Queens' Pyramids; Egyptian governorate just west of Cairo, site of a major royal necropolis of the Old Kingdom capital of Memphis. The necropolis, containing the 4th Dynasty (ac. 2575-ac. 2465 BCE) pyramid complexes of Cheops, Chephren and Mycerinus (Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure) and their associated satellite burials, is divided by a broad wadi into two areas: the higher plateau, with the pyramid complexes, Great Sphinx and mastaba fields, and other private tombs on an escarpment to the south-west. Although Giza's period of greatest importance was during the Old Kingdom (ca. 2575-ca. 2150 BCE), the site underwent revivals in the New Kingdom (ca. 1540-ca. 1075 BCE) and the Saite period (ca. 664-525 BCE). Most of the tombs were robbed in antiquity, and much of the original casing of the monuments has been quarried away, considerably altering their appearance. In the late 20th century the site has come under threat from rising ground water, which is slowly destroying the monuments. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008
Red Pyramid
No full textClose view of the northwest corner; Dahshur is the site of an ancient Egyptian necropolis consisting of Old and Middle Kingdom pyramids, on the west bank of the Nile, 75 km south of Cairo. The oldest pyramid is that of King Sneferu (reigned ca. 2575-ca. 2551 BCE), which is the first to have been designed from the start as a true pyramid. The angle of its sides was decreased halfway up, giving it a rhomboidal appearance, hence its name of Bent Pyramid. Sneferu's other monument, the Red Pyramid, lies 2 km north of the Bent Pyramid. The angle of its sides is the same as that of the upper part of its southern predecessor. Although the pyramid's casing was almost completely removed by later builders, its capstone has been found; this pyramidion (Cairo, Egyptian Museum) is the oldest so far discovered and the only one surviving from the Old Kingdom. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/16/2008
Red Pyramid
No full textSide view of the north face, with the Bent Pyramid in the distance; Dahshur is the site of an ancient Egyptian necropolis consisting of Old and Middle Kingdom pyramids, on the west bank of the Nile, 75 km south of Cairo. The oldest pyramid is that of King Sneferu (reigned ca. 2575-ca. 2551 BCE), which is the first to have been designed from the start as a true pyramid. The angle of its sides was decreased halfway up, giving it a rhomboidal appearance, hence its name of Bent Pyramid. Sneferu's other monument, the Red Pyramid, lies 2 km north of the Bent Pyramid. The angle of its sides is the same as that of the upper part of its southern predecessor. Although the pyramid's casing was almost completely removed by later builders, its capstone has been found; this pyramidion (Cairo, Egyptian Museum) is the oldest so far discovered and the only one surviving from the Old Kingdom. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/16/2008