Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
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Playground Heroes
No full textThe Playground Heroes Project is a multidisciplinary project in which a whole-of-school intervention to encourage bystanders te effectively intervene in racist-based bullying situations will be developed and evaluate
Cognitive Functioning in Context: Leisure Activity Engagement, Social Capital, and Urbanicity-Rurality Interplay
No full textActivity engagement exemplifies the dynamic interplay between an individual and their environment, shaping early cognitive development and cognitive maintenance and health. While prior work supports the importance of individuals’ engagement and environmental contexts, the coaction of these processes on cognitive functioning is rarely examined. We evaluated whether the association between cognitive performance and activity engagement was influenced by community and geographic features in individuals approaching midlife from the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife) (Mage=33.17 years, N=1201). Individual measures included IQ and activity engagement indexed by time devoted to several activities and the cognitive demands of hobbies. Community measures included the county-level Index of Relative Rurality (IRR) and Social Capital Index (SCI), i.e., the availability of social networks and resources. Correlations demonstrated significant associations between cognitive engagement and community measures with IQ. In multilevel models, activity engagement was more strongly associated with IQ than SCI and rurality. Moreover, SCI did not mediate associations between cognitive engagement measures and IQ. However, compared to their rural counterparts, urban residents’ IQ performance varied by SCI levels. Specifically, the effect of activity engagement on IQ was magnified in urban environments when SCI was high. In contrast, urban residents with low cognitive engagement performed worse when SCI was low. Hence, while cognitive engagement predicted cognitive performance irrespective of locale, the interaction between the level of rurality and social capital revealed contextually relevant differences in IQ. However, including adolescent IQ led to diminished associations, revealing selection effects. Our findings highlight interrelated individual and community influences on cognitive functioning, which may help elucidate factors salient to cognitive maintenance at midlife and beyond
