Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
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Análise de Microcréditos e Desempenho Financeiro-Social: Estudo em Grupos Organizados da COAC Jardín Azuayo – 2024
No full textLa investigación se realizó sobre el impacto de la Análisis de microcréditos en el desempeño social de los grupos organizados de la COAC Jardín Azuayo, Agencia Totoracocha, en el año 2024. En el marco de un enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptivo–correlacional y diseño no experimental de corte transversal se realizó la recolección tanto de datos documentales como de datos perceptivos para caracterizar los montos colocados y la calidad de vida percibida por los clientes. Se realizó un cálculo muestral que resultó en 46 participantes seleccionados aleatoriamente de un universo de 52 socios beneficiarios. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de encuestas estructuradas, de tipo Likert, y la revisión de registros institucionales, que, en conjunto, fueron objeto de análisis con herramientas que permitieron la descripción de las tendencias y la medición de correlaciones. Se observó una correlación significativa y positiva entre el monto del crédito y las mejoras percibidas en educación e ingresos; sin embargo, la relación con la salud fue débil. El coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (0.803) verificó la confiabilidad del instrumento que se utilizó. Para concluir, los microcréditos se establecen como un instrumento eficaz de inclusión financiera que produce beneficios económicos y sociales, aunque con impactos diversos en función del tamaño estudiado. Esto sugiere la necesidad de políticas adicionales que fortalezcan su impacto global.The research was conducted on the impact of microcredit analysis on the social performance of organized groups of the Jardín Azuayo Savings and Credit Cooperative, Totoracocha Agency, in 2024. Using a mixed descriptive-correlational approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, both documentary and perceptual data were collected to characterize the amounts placed and the quality of life perceived by customers. A sample calculation was performed, resulting in 46 participants randomly selected from a universe of 52 beneficiary members. Data collection was carried out through structured Likert-type surveys and the review of institutional records, which, together, were analyzed using tools that allowed for the description of trends and the measurement of correlations. A significant and positive correlation was observed between the amount of credit and perceived improvements in education and income; however, the relationship with health was weak. Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.803) verified the reliability of the instrument used. In conclusion, microloans are established as an effective instrument of financial inclusion that produces economic and social benefits, although with varying impacts depending on the size studied. This suggests the need for additional policies to strengthen their overall impact.A investigação foi realizada sobre o impacto da análise de microcréditos no desempenho social dos grupos organizados da COAC Jardín Azuayo, Agência Totoracocha, no ano de 2024. No âmbito de uma abordagem mista, de tipo descritivo-correlacional e com delineamento não experimental transversal, realizou-se a coleta tanto de dados documentais como de dados perceptivos para caracterizar os montantes colocados e a qualidade de vida percebida pelos clientes. Realizou-se um cálculo amostral que resultou em 46 participantes selecionados aleatoriamente de um universo de 52 sócios beneficiários. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de pesquisas estruturadas, do tipo Likert, e da revisão de registros institucionais, que, em conjunto, foram objeto de análise com ferramentas que permitiram a descrição das tendências e a medição das correlações. Observou-se uma correlação significativa e positiva entre o montante do crédito e as melhorias percebidas em educação e renda; contudo, a relação com a saúde foi fraca. O coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (0,803) verificou a confiabilidade do instrumento utilizado. Para concluir, os microcréditos se estabelecem como um instrumento eficaz de inclusão financeira que produz benefícios econômicos e sociais, embora com impactos diversos em função do tamanho estudado. Isso sugere a necessidade de políticas adicionais que fortaleçam seu impacto global
Bias and modality in conditionals: experimental evidence and theoretical implications
No full textThe concept of bias is familiar to linguists primarily from the literature on questions. Following the work of Giannakidou (2013) and Giannakidou and Mari (2018a, 2018b, 2021a, 2021b), we assume “nonveridical equilibrium” (implying that p and ¬p as equal possibilities) to be the default for epistemic modals, questions and conditionals. The equilibrium of conditionals, as that of questions, can be manipulated to produce bias (i.e., reduced or higher speaker commitment). In this paper, we focus on three kinds of modal elements in German that create bias in conditionals and questions: the adverb wirklich ‘really’, the modal verb sollte ‘should’, and conditional connectives such as falls ‘if/in case’ (see Reis and Wollstein 2010; Liu 2019, 2021; Sode and Sugawara 2019). We conducted two experiments collecting participants’ inference about speaker commitment in different manipulations, Experiment 1 on sollte/wirklich in ob-questions and wenn-conditionals, and Experiment 2 on sollte/wirklich in wenn/falls/V1-conditionals. Our findings are that both ob-questions and falls-conditionals express reduced speaker commitment about the modified (antecedent) proposition in comparison to wenn-conditionals, which did not differ from V1-conditionals. In addition, sollte/wirklich in the antecedent of conditionals all create negative bias about the antecedent proposition. Our studies are among the first that deal with bias in conditionals (in comparison to questions) and contribute to furthering our understanding of bias
