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Changing labour market and income inequalities in Europe and North America: a parallel project to the IFS Deaton Review of Inequalities in the 21 st century
No full textInternational audienceThe evolution of labour market and disposable income inequalities over recent decades in high‐income countries has generated intense interest in academia and the wider public. The extent to which there have been common trends, or diverging experiences, across a broad range of different countries, remains relatively understudied. The papers in this two‐part special issue seek to provide the bases for consistent comparisons across 17 North American and European countries. In this Introduction we provide background for the cross‐country project, which has been conducted in parallel to the wider IFS Deaton Review of Inequalities. In addition, we provide brief summaries of key trends and findings in the four English‐speaking countries and four Nordic countries, as well as a companion paper on gender pay gaps across all 17 countries
Accueillir les jeux olympiques rend-il heureux ?
No full textInternational audienceUsing a panel survey of 26,000 people living in London, Paris and Berlin during the summer months of 2011, 2012 and 2013, we exploit the quasi-natural experience of choosing London as host city. We follow a difference-in-differences approach to determine the effect of hosting the 2012 Summer Olympic Games.Our results show that the Summer Games increased Londoners’ satisfaction and happiness in the short term (i.e. during the Olympic period), particularly around the opening and closing ceremonies. The beneficial effect on Londoners is quite significant, but the monetary equivalent of this gain in terms of subjective well-being remains well below the actual cost of the event. However, the conclusion is different, if we assume that the hedonic effect extends to the whole of the UK and not just to the city of London.À l’aide d’une enquête de panel auprès de 26 000 personnes résidant à Londres, Paris et Berlin pendant les mois d’été de 2011, 2012 et 2013, les auteurs exploitent l’expérience quasi naturelle que constitue le choix de Londres comme ville d’accueil. Ils suivent une approche en différence de différences, afin d’identifier l’effet d’accueillir les Jeux olympiques (JO) à l’été 2012.Leurs résultats montrent que les JO d’été ont accru la satisfaction et le bonheur des Londoniens à court terme (c’est-à-dire pendant la période olympique), en particulier autour des cérémonies d’ouverture et de clôture. L’effet bénéfique sur les Londoniens est assez important, mais l’équivalent monétaire de ce gain en bien-être subjectif reste bien inférieur au coût réel de l’événement. Cependant, la conclusion est différente, si l’on suppose que l’effet hédonique s’étend à l’échelle du Royaume-Uni et non à la seule ville de Londres
eHPWAS'24: Twelfth International workshop on e-health pervasive wireless applications and services
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Repenser un aménagement écologisé. Sortir de la pensée de l'équipement
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Quelles transitions institutionnelles pour lutter contre le changement climatique en France ?
No full textNational audienceParce qu’elle relève d’un chantier collectif politique exigeant d’agir sur l’organisation de notre société et nos façons de produire, d’habiter, de nous déplacer ou de consommer, la lutte contre le changement climatique interpelle l’État dans sa capacité à accompagner les évolutions nécessaires pour relever les défis qu’elle soulève. À partir d’un examen critique de la manière dont celui ci a, jusqu’à présent, pris en charge cette question, cette contribution esquisse quelques pistes de réflexion à mener pour renouveler, de manière réaliste, l’action publique dans ce domaine
Pratiques d’intégrité scientifique et empreinte environnementale : une enquête auprès de deux établissements français
No full textInternational audienceThis presentation is about the results of a survey based on a questionnaire designed to evaluate researchers' understanding, application, and perception of responsible research principles, and to identify strengths and weaknesses in their implementation.It contains about thirty questions and covers various and sometimes complex topics: responsible and inclusive research practices, public trust in science, climate crisis, reduction of GHG emissions caused by research activities, research integrity, researchers' engagement in the public sphere.It is divided into 6 sections:- Relations between science and society - Conducting research in a changing world - Ethics and research integrity - Engaged research - Science communication To enable comparative analysis, it incorporates questions from other surveys which are cited as references
Supporting carbon pricing when interest rates are higher
No full textInternational audienceTo accept carbon pricing, citizens desire viable alternatives to fossil fuel-based options. As inflation and higher interest rates have exacerbated access barriers for capital-intensive green substitutes, the political success of carbon pricing will be measured by how well policy design enables consumers to switch
Is commuting a daily behaviour? Rhythmic evidence in France, as of 2019
No full textInternational audienceHome-to-Work (H2W) commuting travel, together with urbanization and transport networks, have seen significant development since the end of the 19th century in both workers’ lives and transport network traffic. The attraction of metropolitan areas and the ease of transport have even triggered long-distance commuting, sometimes in conjunction with overnighting practices that extend the commuting tours (or cycles) beyond the single day level. Based on the French nationwide household travel survey of 2019, this article gives a comprehensive description of commuting practices across origin-destination distances and over time, as experienced by individual workers at the monthly level. Commuting rhythms are characterized in terms of commuting cycle length in days and monthly frequency. Four typical patterns are identified: namely bi-daily, full daily, mono-daily and overnighting. Their respective shares are measured in the statistical populations of (i) workers, (ii) days of life or just at work, (iii) distances travelled on modal networks. Elementary discrete-choice models of H2W rhythm choice are designed and estimated, revealing the influence of travel impedance in terms of time and distance at the level of one-way trips for short-range H2W commuting and at the level of monthly budgets for long-range H2W commuting. Lastly, the shares of commuting trips in modal traffic on road and rail networks are measured, highlighting the significant impact of long-distance commuting on transport-related GHG emissions
Forecaster (Mis-) behavior
No full textInternational audienceWe document two stylized facts in expectational data. First, professional forecasters overrevise their macroeconomic expectations. Second, such overrevisions mask evidence of both over- and underreactions to public signals. We show that the first fact is inconsistent with standard models of noisy rational expectations, but consistent with behavioral and strategic models. The second fact, in contrast, presents a puzzle for existing theories. We propose an extension of noisy rational expectations that allows forecasters to be overconfident in their information. We show that this feature when combined with the endogeneity of public signals leads to over- and undereactions consistent with the data
Convergence Rate of the Euler-Maruyama Scheme Applied to Diffusion Processes with L Q − L ρ Drift Coefficient and Additive Noise
No full textInternational audienceWe are interested in the time discretization of stochastic differential equations with additive d-dimensional Brownian noise and L q − L ρ drift coefficient when the condition d ρ + 2 q < 1, under which Krylov and Röckner [26] proved existence of a unique strong solution, is met. We show weak convergence with order 1 2 (1 − (d ρ + 2 q)) which corresponds to half the distance to the threshold for the Euler scheme with randomized time variable and cutoffed drift coefficient so that its contribution on each time-step does not dominate the Brownian contribution. More precisely, we prove that both the diffusion and this Euler scheme admit transition densities and that the difference between these densities is bounded from above by the time-step to this order multiplied by some centered Gaussian density