Hal-Diderot
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Review of Ralf Lüfter, The Ethics of Economic Responsibility
No full textInternational audienceRalf Lüfter, The Ethics of Economic Responsibility, Routledge, 202
La fonction didactique du paysage sonore
No full textInternational audienceL’écoute du paysage sonore possède une dimension didactique qui éveille l’auditeur à discriminer les environnements sonores qui l’entourent. Qu’il s’agisse des sons de la ville ou de ceux de la campagne, écouter un paysage sonore c’est éduquer aux tensions acoustiques des nuisances pour apprendre à les combattre, ou de la poésie des espaces naturels pour apprendre à éveiller une conscience écologique.Cette expérience sensible du sonore contribue à l’éducation citoyenne, comme elle contribue au développement de soi.A partir d’exemples sonores, cette communication s’intéresse à la dimension didactique de l’écoute de paysage sonore
When Instructions Based on Constructive Controversy Boost Synergy in Online Groups
No full textInternational audienceIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of people throughout the world participated in remote meetings in online groups using videoconferencing systems. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on group synergy of a series of instructions based on constructive controversy delivered during online collaboration. After performing a decision-making task individually, 125 participants were randomly assigned to online groups to collaborate and reach a consensus using a videoconferencing system, either in “free discussion” or “instructed discussion” groups. Results revealed that groups with instructions outperformed their best members (strong synergy) at higher rates than groups without instructions. Moreover, participants reported higher epistemic conflict regulation when they received instructions than when they did not. These findings suggest that providing instructions based on constructive controversy during a collaborative task can boost synergy and epistemic conflict regulation in online groups
A study of the wave effects on the current circulation in Galway Bay, using the numerical model COAWST
No full textInternational audienceA model coupling waves and currents is set up for Galway Bay, Ireland, using COAWST. The impact of the coupling on the accuracy of the model is shown to be marginal on the overall statistics. The model is in good agreement with the available in-situ observations that are used for the validation. However a closer look at the data during storms shows a deterioration of the agreement, which is barely improved by the coupling. A special analysis of the different processes ruling the ocean circulation is conducted during Storm Hector (2018/06/14). It shows a strong 7cm wave-induced surge in the back of Galway Bay, and a strong response in terms of currents along the coast of Clare, about 30cms−1. Most of the surge is attributed to the impact of the conservative wave-induced Stokes drift forcing. The response in currents is partly attributed to the Stokes drift forcing terms, but mostly to the wave-enhanced surface roughness. In both cases waves induce an additional transport of mass or momentum, which is then subject to the particular characteristics of the bay
Lever les freins à l’adoption de réseaux de chaleur innovants par la traduction
No full textInternational audienceHeating networks are experiencing resurgence in popularity because they represent a means of meeting the challenges of energy transition through the use of renewable energies. To do this, some innovations are necessary. This article analyzes how the theoretical approach to translation makes it possible to remove the obstacles to the implementation of innovative networks. It is based on qualitative exploratory research and 33 interviews with different stakeholders. The results show that the levers are not only of technical and economic nature but above all human and cognitive.Les réseaux de chaleur connaissent un regain de popularité car ils représentent un moyen de répondre aux enjeux de la transition énergétique par l’utilisation des énergies renouvelables. Pour ce faire, certaines innovations s’avèrent nécessaires. Cet article analyse la manière dont l’approche théorique de la traduction permet de lever les freins à la mise en œuvre de réseaux innovants. Il s’appuie sur une recherche exploratoire qualitative et sur 33 entretiens avec différentes parties prenantes. Les résultats montrent que les leviers sont non seulement d’ordre technico-économiques mais surtout humains et cognitifs
The smallest in the deepest: the enigmatic role of viruses in the deep biosphere
No full textInternational audienceIt is commonly recognized that viruses control the composition, metabolism, and evolutionary trajectories of prokaryotic communities, with resulting vital feedback on ecosystem functioning and nutrient cycling in a wide range of ecosystems. Although the deep biosphere has been estimated to be the largest reservoir for viruses and their prokaryotic hosts, the biology and ecology of viruses therein remain poorly understood. The deep virosphere is an enigmatic field of study in which many critical questions are still to be answered. Is the deep virosphere simply a repository for deeply preserved, non-functioning virus particles? Or are deep viruses infectious agents that can readily infect suitable hosts and subsequently shape microbial populations and nutrient cycling? Can the cellular content released by viral lysis, and even the organic structures of virions themselves, serve as the source of bioavailable nutrients for microbial activity in the deep biosphere as in other ecosystems? In this review, we synthesize our current knowledge of viruses in the deep biosphere and seek to identify topics with the potential for substantial discoveries in the future
